Analysis on REE geochemical characteristics of three types of REE-rich soil in Guizhou Province,China

The three kinds of soil formed by the weathering of the basalt in Yema village,Weining county of Guizhou province,the carbonate rock in Guiyang district and the phosphorite in the REE-bearing phosphate mining area in Zhijin county of Guizhou province were all rich in REE.The contents of LREE in these three soil were higher than that of HREE,which was caused by the different properties of LREE and HREE complexes.Since light REE could be easily absorbed by kaolinite grains,LREE was fully enriched in the process of desorption,migration and re-absorption,which formed a typical LREE soil.The chondrite normalized distribution models of those three types of REE-enriched soil are basically similar,which belong to the right deviation type,namely,rich in light rare earth element but short of heavy rare earth element,and showing Ce negative anomalies.Eu showed intense negative anomalies in the REE in the soil formed by the weathering of the sedimentary parent rocks(such as carbonate rock and phosphorite),while no pronounced Eu anomaly was found in the REE in the soil formed by the weathering of volcanic rocks(such as basalt).It is clear that though there were intense migration and enrichment of REE during the weathering process of rocks,no obvious differentiation of REE occurred and some features of the parent rocks were retained.That is why REE is of value in analyzing the source of materials.     

Types, Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Ion-adsorpted RE Deposits

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中条山胡家峪铜矿区含矿岩系的地球化学特征及其地质意义

胡家峪铜矿床大地构造位置处于华北克拉通中部造山带南缘的中条山地区,矿床主要赋存于古元古界中条群篦子沟组含碳片岩、不纯大理岩和硅质钠长岩等岩石中,次为余家山组白云石大理岩中。对矿区内的含矿岩系进行了全岩地球化学测试分析,主量元素特征表明矿区内的含矿岩系均表现出富镁、富铝的特征;微量元素特征显示,所有样品均呈现出Nb、Ta、Ti负异常的现象,显示出与俯冲带岩浆地球化学类似的特征;稀土元素特征显示出一定程度的轻重稀土分馏,轻稀土富集,所有样品都表现出不同程度的铕负异常,表明这些含矿岩系形成于还原沉积环境中。研究认为,胡家峪铜矿床的成矿构造背景为俯冲后形成的弧后盆地;容矿岩石与国内典型热水喷流矿床相比,在地球化学特征方面有一定相似之处。因此,胡家峪铜矿床应为热水喷流沉积矿床。     

贵州赫章铜厂沟铜矿稀土元素地球化学特征及成矿物源示踪

通过对赫章铜矿化带的野外地质调查、采样、室内显微镜下分析、化学分析、扫描电镜、X衍射成分分析,研究了铜矿的矿物组成、矿石类型特征(初步划分为砂岩型铜矿石和蚀变构造角砾岩型铜矿石),矿石铜品位为3.26%～3.88%。采用ICP-MS方法测定了赫章铜矿两类型矿石、赋矿围岩及峨眉山玄武岩的稀土元素及微量元素组成,并进行了稀土特征值等的对比研究;LREE/HREE比值为9.43～11.12,La/Yb比值为11.86～14.6,显示出各样品轻稀土明显富集;δCe值为0.75～0.84,显示出负异常。除HTC-3的δEu=1.11、显示出很弱正异常外,其余样品的δEu=0.94～1.06,Eu仅显示非常微弱的异常。铜厂沟铜矿岩矿样品微量元素分布模式图表明其分布特征具有同源性。通过研究各样品的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征、铜矿化蚀变过程中稀土元素的迁移规律及呈现继承性的特点,结合飞仙关组砂岩的形成环境,得出峨眉山玄武岩为铜矿成矿(矿化)的物质来源结论。     

山东新生代玄武岩稀土元素特征

本文报道了鲁东蓬莱和鲁中临朐地区新生代大陆碱性玄武岩１９个样品的稀土元素测定结果，并根据稀土元素的含量在球粒陨石标准化模式图上作图，结果表明轻稀土丰度较高且变化范围较大，而重稀土丰度较低且变化范围较窄。     

Behavior of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sulphide at Wushan Copper Mine, Jiangxi Province, China

Behavior of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sulphide at Wushan Copper Mine, Jiangxi Province, China     

乌云盆地林海花岗岩体地球化学特征及其与成矿的关系

通过对乌云盆地林海花岗岩体地质地球化学特征的调查研究,认为它是印支期岩浆活动形成的岩体,岩石类型为二长花岗岩。岩体SiO₂ 含量为68.17%~76.23%、Al₂O₃ 含量为12.41%~14.41%、Na₂O+K₂O 为9.24~10.98、K₂O/Na₂O 为1.65~2.14、A/CNK 介于0.923~0.965 之间。ΣREE 为55.26×10^-6~88.02×10^-6,总量偏低;LREE/HREE 为2.71~10.27;Eu 为0.28~0.32;δCe 为0.81~0.91;（La/Yb）N为1.79~11.12,轻稀土富集、铕亏损、铈富集且轻重稀土分馏较明显。过渡元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图曲线总体呈“W”型。研究表明,乌云盆地二长花岗岩属低铝高钾亚碱性I 型花岗岩,形成于后造山拉张性大地构造环境,形成深度为地壳,形成位置是板块内部。     

风化成土过程中稀土元素地球化学特征

探讨了稀土元素在风化成土过程中轻、重稀土分异、富集、迁移规律以及 Ce、Eu异常特征。分别讨论了成土母质、气候条件、水化学性质、氧化还原条件及其它因素对稀土元素地球化学行为的影响。并提出了当前风化成土过程中稀土元素研究中存在的一些问题。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Major Elements, Trace Elements and REE in Mineralized Altered Rocks of Large-Scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit in Mongolia

The alteration types of the large-scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo porphyry deposit mostly comprise stockwork silicification, argillization, quartz-sericite alteration, K-silicate alteration, and propylitization. The mineralized and altered zones from hydrothermal metallogenic center to the outside successively are Cu-bearing stockwork silicification zone, Cu-beating argillized zone, Cu-Mo-bearing quartz-sericite alteration zone, Cu-Mo-bearing K-silicate alteration zone, and pro- pylitization zone. The K-silicate alteration occurred in the early phase, quartz-sericite alteration in the medium phase, and argillization and carbonatization （calcite） in the later phase. Ore-bearing-altered rocks are significantly controlled by the structure and fissure zones of different scales, and NE- and NW-trending fissure zones could probably be the migration pathways of the porphyry hydrothermal system. Results in this study indicated that the less the concentrations of REE, LREE, and HREE and the more the extensive fractionation between LREE and HREE, the closer it is to the center circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming and the more extensive silicification. The exponential relationship between the fractionation of LREE and HREE and the intensity of silicification and K-silicate alteration was found in the Cu-Mo deposit studied. The negative Eu anomaly, normal Eu, positive Eu anomaly and obviously positive Eu anomaly are coincident with the enhancement of Na2O and K2O concentrations gradually, which indicated that Eu anomaly would be significantly controlled by the alkaline metasomatism of the circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming system. Therefore, such characteristics as the positive Eu anomaly, the obvious fractionation between LREE and HREE and their related special alteration lithofacies are suggested to be metallogenic prognostic and exploration indications for Tsagaan Suvarga-style porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in Mongolia and China.     

Geochemical Implication of Rare Earth Elements in Process of Soil Development

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Transportation of REE in the Ductile Shear Zone in Hetai Gold Deposit,Guangdong Province

The REE transportation in two sorts of mylonites of ductile shear zone, in Hetai gold deposit, Guangdong province was studied. The results show that there is REE compositional variation regularly in the ductile shear zone. When mica-quartz schist and migmatite are changing into mylonites or ultramylonites, i.e., along with intensifying deformation,the contents of each rare earth element and the total contents of the LREE, HREE and REE increase or decrease regularly, but the REE patterns of the rock are accordant. The isocon diagram of the tectonic rocks before and after deformation shows that the REE compositional variation of the mylonites or ultramylonites are very small, but there is a few REE moving in or out in the rock deformation. The reason of the REE compositional variation is that there are volume change and fluid flow in the rock deformation, and it leads to the LREE relative enrichment and HREE relative loss.     

西华山钨矿床流体包裹体的稀土和微量元素特征

为探讨西华山钨矿床流体的稀土元素和微量元素特征,明确热液和成矿物质的来源,揭示成矿流体性质,采用高精度电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP—MS）方法对该矿石英脉流体包裹体的微量和稀土元素进行了分析测试。结果表明,流体包裹体中稀土元素总量变化大,主要表现为轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土内部分异程度不均一,轻稀土分馏程度明显大于重稀土分馏程度;δEu变化范围比较大,大部分样品表现为δEu的负异常;微量元素之间的比值反映出西华山钨矿床成矿物质从深源到浅源,主要来源于岩浆,同时又有少部分来源于大气水循环作用淋滤围岩地层所产生的矿物质,成矿流体处于流体演化的晚期热液低温阶段。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Manganese Deposit of Guichi, Anhui Province, China

The sedimentary manganese deposits occurring in Gufeng formation of the Permian in Guichi area, south Anhui Province, include manganese carbonate deposit formed by sedimentation, and manganese oxide deposit made by later oxidation. The total REE contents of these samples are relatively low ( ＜ 250 × 10-6), belonging to LREE-enriched type,showing LREE enrichment during the process of formation of Mn deposit, especially during Mn-oxidizing process. Three normalized REE patterns and SCNA-normalized trace elements spider diagrams of the Mn-bearing sequence rocks and ores in this area reflect their same origin of ore sources, which is similar to rock-forming and ore-forming conditions. The Mnforming materials primarily came from the continent with higher mature degree and single material source. The δEu and δCe negative anomaly and Ce anomaly ( ＜ - 0.1 ) manifest that Mn-bearing sequence of the Permian was mostly formed in marine basin and oxidative environment. The Sr and Ba anomaly, Sr/Ba and Co/Ni values reflect the Mn deposit environment was of deep water and high-salinity of marine facies. Although the Ce/La (mean 1.05), Y/Ho (25 ～ 41.5) and trace metals show a variety of correlations with Mn in the ten rock samples, which show multiple sources for the manganese, the analysis of geochemical characteristics indicate that the material sources of Mn deposit have been primarily terrestrially derived. Another source of the manganese probably comes from the seafloor volcanism in this area. Analysis of sedimentary features and geohistoric evolvement reveals that the maximum transgression of the Qixia Period, ore district is then in deep shelf-basin sedimentary setting and the Mn-bearing sequence is deposited.     

Extraction of rare earth elements from a South American ionic clay

Ionic clays,formed by the natural weathering of REE-bearing minerals and the adsorption of the resulting liberated REE ions onto the clay surface,are an important resource for critical rare earth elements(REEs).Here,a two-step desorption process using ammonium sulfate with active pH adjustment using sulfuric acid was developed to extract REEs from a South American clay.The desorption process was optimized using response surface methodology approach and the optimum operating conditions were deter...     

Distribution of rare earth elements in sewage-irrigated soil profiles in Tianjin, China

The concentrations of rare earth elements(REEs)in the soil extracts and soil solutions from two different alluvial soil profiles irrigated with sewage were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.The results showed that the REE concentrations in the soil extracts from soil samples affected by sewage irrigation were much higher than those in virgin soil samples.The REE concentrations in the soil extracts of the rhizophere soil were higher than those of the non-rhizophere soil.The shale-normalized REE patterns in the soil extracts from the upper soil layer affected by sewage irrigation shown middle REE(MREE)enrichment relative to light REE(LREE)and heavy REE(HREE).This result was attributed to the MREE-rich organic colloidal material,REE-HM(humic and fulvic acids)and phosphate-REE complexations.The REE patterns in the soil extracts from deep soil little-affected by sewage irrigation showed HREE enrichment relative to LREE,which might have been caused by the preferential complexation of HREE with carbonate.The normalized La/Yb ratios in the soil extracts increased with the decrease in depth.The sewage irrigation did not affect the total REE contents and REE pattern in the soil profiles.     

Rare earth elements in tropical surface water,soil and sediments of the Terengganu River Basin,Malaysia

The 14 stable rare earth element(REE) concentrations and distribution patterns were investigated for surface waters(n=51),soils(n=52) and sediments(n=42) from the tropical Terengganu River basin,Malaysia.The chondrite normalized REE patterns of soils developed on four geological units showed enrichment of LREE,a pronounced negative Eu,and depletion of HREE with an enrichment order granite>>metasedimentary>alluvium>volcanic.The REE patterns in sediments reflected the soil REE patterns with an overall order o...     

四川根深沟钨锡矿二长花岗岩特征及其成矿作用

根深沟钨锡矿位于松潘—甘孜造山带之鲜水河断裂带东部,产于云祝措二长花岗岩株内外接触带。云祝措二长花岗岩是钨锡成矿母岩,其硅、铝过饱和,富碱,低钙、铁、镁,属钙碱性岩,岩浆分异程度高;微量元素配分型式与正常大陆弧花岗岩类似,稀土分配模式为右倾轻稀土富集型,负铕异常,轻重稀土分馏明显,属褶皱造山后期陆壳重熔被动侵位形成的"S"型花岗岩;花岗岩同位素年龄为112.4 Ma,岩体侵位时间为燕山晚期;岩浆期后成矿热液向内外接触带运移,于节理、裂隙中充填交代成矿。     

江苏甘家巷铅锌矿区稀土元素地球化学特征及指示意义

对江苏南京甘家巷矿区铅锌矿床不同类型岩石和矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征进行研究,探讨了岩石和矿石中稀土元素地球化学行为。结果显示：矿床中稀土元素的分布较为一致;甘家巷矿区稀土元素总量变化大,总体来看,稀土总量在铅锌矿石、底砾岩和粉砂岩中相对富集;在稀土元素配分模式图上,轻稀土相对富集,稀土配分曲线向右缓倾,轻稀土元素随原子序数的增加富集程度降低,重稀土元素分布比较平坦。相对较稳定;稀土元素地球化学特征指示甘家巷矿区为受F₂断裂和不整合面控制的中低温热液矿床。     

Enrichment and Release of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sedimentary Rocks in Wujiang Catchments, Southwest China

Thirteen weathering profiles of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, sillicalite, black shale and purple sandrock from Wujiang catchments were selected for study on enrichment and release behavior of rare earth elements （REE） during weathering, and its impact on plant growth and riverine REE distribution in the catchments with methods of hierachical cluster analysis and mass balance calculation in order to set a basis for riverine material source research and agricultural production. The results show that the enrichment degree of REE in calcareous soils from the Wujiang catchments is much higher than that of limestone, yellow soil, upper continental crust （UCC）, China soil （CS） and world soil （WS）. The ability of enrichment and release of REE is partly controlled by distribution of REE in bedrocks, contents and adsorption ability of organic matters, clay minerals and Fe-oxides/hydroxides in weathering profiles. The REE released from weathering of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks can be absorbed and utilized by local plants. The results also reveal that release of REE and Fe mainly from weathering of carbonate rocks and partly from clastic rocks exerts an important control on riverine REE distribution.     

Enrichment and Release of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sedimentary Rocks in Wujiang Catchments

Thirteen weathering profiles of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, silicalite, black shale and purple sandrock from Wujiang catchments were selected for study on enrichment and release behavior of rare earth elements （REE） during weathering, and in its impact on plant growth and riverine REE distribution in the catchments with methods of hierachical cluster analysis and mass balance calculation in order to set a basis for riverine material source research and agricultural production. The results show that the enrichment degree of REE in calcareous soils from the Wujiang catchments is much higher than that of limestone, yellow soil, upper continental crust （UCC）,