Tensile Properties of Surface-Treated Glass Fiber Reinforced PTFE Composite with Rare Earth Elements

The optimum amount of rare earth elements (RE) for treating glass fiber surface and its effect on the tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (GF/PTFE) composites were investigated. The tensile properties of GF/PTFE composites with different surface treatment conditions were measured. The fracture surface morphologies were observed and analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that rare earth elements can effectively promote the interfacial adhesion between the glass fiber and PTFE, owing to the effects of rare earth elements on the compatibility. The tensile properties of GF/PTFE composites can be improved considerably when the content of RE in surface modifier is 0.2%-0.4%,and the optimum performance of GF/PTFE composites is obtained at 0.3 % RE content.     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Exchange Performances of Cesium Ion-Sieve

The exchange performances and the distribution coefficient of Cesium Ion-Sieve (Cs-IS) for cesium and for some rare earth elements were compared. In particular, the effects of neodymium on the cesium ion exchange and the Cs^ selectivity variation on Cs-IS owing to introduction of rare earth elements into HLLW were studied. Though rare earth elements exhibit a small influence on the distribution coefficient for Cs^ ,they impair Cs-exchange capacity of Cs-IS to some extent. This interruption on the selectivity to Cs^ can be significantly eliminated provided an appropriate ratio of liquid to solid V: m is used.     

Influence of Light Rare Earth on Toughness of Welded Seam of LAHS Steel

The influence mechanism of light rare earth elements, which are transited to the welding seam of low-alloy high strength (LAHS) steel through the covering of the electrode, on the toughness of the welding seam was studied. The experimental results show that proper amount of rare earth elements can desulfurate, dehydrogenate, reduce inclusions and purify the structure of the welding seam. Rare earth element additions have .the effect on welding seam and, at the same time, the transformation of side-batten ferrite is resisted while the pin-ferrite structure is promoted. The improvement of the toughness of the welding seam is due to the purifying action of rare earth elements as well as their refining effect on the structure. However, the toughness of the welding seam can decrease when the amount of light rare earth elements are added excessively because the crystal grains become coarser, porosities appear and the inclusions increase as well. The experimental results show that the suitable amount of light rare earth element additions is about 2%.     

STUDY ON THE SEPARATION AND EXTRACTION MECHANISM OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS BY MEANS OF REVERSED-PHASE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Reversed-phase paper chromatography technique is used for study on the extraction mechanism and sep-aration of rare earth elements.As the stationary phase,chromatographic paper strips are impregnated with asolution of monomyristyl phosphoric acid (MPA) in chloroform.Mineral acids are used as developers.The effect of concentration of acids and/or salts upon R_f has been investigated.According to the re-sults of R_f values for a given rare earth element in various acids,the order of extraction ability isHCl>HNO_3>H_2SO_4.A tetrad effect is clearly observed.for the R_f value of rare earth elements.Theeffects of other parameters on the R_f value,such as the quantities of extractant retained by the paper and thetemperature are also examined.Based on the determination of the molar ratio of MPA to rare earth elementsand the number of H~ ions released in extraction reaction,a reasonable mechanism is proposed.The mutualseparation of heavy rare earth elements will be better than that of the light rare earth group because of thelarger separation coefficient of the former.A mixture of Ho-Er-Tm-Lu is successfully separated by thepresent method.     

Modification Mechanism of Rare Earth Elements in ZA27 Casting Alloys

The model of the liquid-phase ZA27 alloys was set up by molecular dynamics theory. The atomic structure of phase, RE-compounds, and the phase-liquid interface in ZA27 alloys were constructed by computer programming. Electronic structures of phase with rare earth elements dissolved and of phase-liquid interfaces with rare earth elements enrichment in ZA27 casting alloys were investigated by using the Recursion method. The ESE energy of RE elements and the structure energy of RE-compounds, phase, and the liquid-phase ZA27 alloys were calculated. The results show that rare earth elements are more stable to be in the phase interface than in phase, which explains the fact of very small solid solubility of rare earth elements in phase, and the enrichment in the solid-liquid growth front. This makes dendrite melt and break down, dissociate and propagate. RE-compounds can act as heterogeneous nuclei for phase, leading to phase refinement. All above elucidates the modification mechanism of rare earth elements in zinc-aluminum casting alloys, at electronic level.     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Study on Mechanism of Formation of Volcanic Rock in North Altay by Using Rare Earths

The characteristics of rare earth elements in the Devonian and Carboniferous volcanic rocks were studied in the north Altay. And the mechanism of formation of volcanic rocks were discussed by using the rare earth elements. The correlativity of rare earth elements and major elements shows that the fractional crystallization is undistinguishable during the formation of Devonian and Carboniferous volcanic rocks, and the mechanism of formation of volcanic rocks may be the partialmelting. The further study of the relationship of manifold rare earth elements shows that the mechanism of formation of Devonian and Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the north Altay is the partial melting. And the result also shows that the rare earth elements in the Devonian and Carboniferous volcanic rocks inherited the characteristics of those in its source materiels.     

Kinetics of Formation of Large-Dimension Rare Earth Inclusion in Steels

The elemental distribution within the large-dimension rare earth inclusion in steels was studied through analysis on plane distribution of elements by EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalyzer). The kinetics and mechanism of formation of RE inclusion were discussed, taking 5CrNiMo steel with the addition of RE and other microalloying elements as example. RE inclusions nucleate on oxides and sulphides with high melting point and grow up separately, then integrated by relatively high surface activity, which is a particular characteristic of RE elements, in liquid phase and during the course of solidification. Finally, the fine and dispersed RE inclusions merge and grow into a large-dimension one.     

Formation of intermetallic compound at interface between rare earth elements and ferritic-martensitic steel by fuel cladding chemical interaction

The intermetallic compounds formation at interface between rare earth elements and clad material were investigated to demonstrate the effects of rare earth elements on fuel-cladding chemical interaction(FCCI)behavior.Mischmetal(70Ce-30La)and Nd were prepared as rare earth elements.Diffusion couple testing was performed on the rare earth elements and cladding(9Cr2W steel)near the operation temperature of(sodium-cooled fast reactor)SFR fuel.The performance of a diffusion barrier consisting of Zr and V metallic foil against the rare earth elements was also evaluated.Our results showed that Ce and Nd in the rare earth elements and Fe in the clad material interdiffused and reacted to form intermetallic species according to the parabolic rate law,describing the migration of the rare earth element.The diffusion of Fe limited the reaction progress such that the entire process was governed by the cubic rate law.Rare earth materials could be used as a surrogate for high burnup metallic fuels,and the performance of the barrier material was demonstrated to be effective.     

Effects of RE on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Effects of rare earth (RE) additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that, by adding 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0% RE elements, the as-cast microstructure can be refined, and the as-cast alloys‘ elongation and tensile strength can be improved. After extrusion, the alloy with 0.3 % and 0.6% RE additions obtain a finer microstructure and the best mechanical properties, but the alloy with 1.0% RE addition has the coarse A1-RE compound particles in grain boundaries which decreased elongation and tensile properties. Usually, Rare earth (RE) elements were used to improve the creep properties of aluminium-containing magnesium pressure die cast alloys at elevated temperatures. In this paper, it is also found that the high temperature strength of extruded materials can be increased by RE elements additions.     

Advances on Rare Earth Application in Pollution Ecology

RE application in the agriculture was originatedfrom China and entitled to exclusive intellectual prop erty, which is the most advanced technology of thisfield in the world. Agriculture and RE industry of Chi na have been greatly benefited from t…     

稀土对低温固体B-C-N共渗的影响

本文研究了硼－碳－氮－稀土（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能，并与硼－碳－氮（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能进行了比较，结果表明，在适当范围内，稀土具有明显的催渗作用；与Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ共渗相比，Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。本文对Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗的机理及稀土元素的作用作了初步的探讨。     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Powder Boro-Carbo-Nitriding at Low Temperature

Ｂｏｒｉｄｉｎｇｃａｎｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｉｓａｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｏｕｓｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓａｌ ｒｅａｄｙｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇｓｏｍｅｄｉｅｓａｎｄｃｕｔ ｔｉｎｇｔｏｏｌｓ[1 ] .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｓｏｍｅｐｒｏｂ ｌｅｍｓｉｎｂｏｒｉｄｉｎｇ .Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ ,ｂｏｒｉｄｉｎｇｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄａｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａ…     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Quenching Crack Resistance of Steel 9Cr2Mo

Ｒｏｌｌｅｒｆｏｒｃｏｌｄｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｉｓａｋｅｙｆｏｒｇｉｎｇｐａｒｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓｃｏｎｔａｃｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ ,ａｌｔｅｒ ｎａｔｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｓｓａｎｄｆｒｉｃｔｉｏｎａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｈｉｇｈｅｒｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｓｕｒｆａｃｅｈａｒｄｎｅｓｓ,ｗｅａｒｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｅｎｏｕｇｈｔｏｕｇｈ ｎｅｓｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｆｏｒｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｃｏｌｄｒｏｌｌｅｒ[1] .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ…     

Research and Development of Rare Earth Advanced Materials in China

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷａｎｇＤｉａｎｚｕｏ（王淀佐），ＷａｎＱｕｎ（万群），ＹａｎｇＹｕｃｈｕｎ（杨遇春）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

Primary Results of New Rare Earth Materials for Hongti Grape

New rare earth (RE) materials including RE phosphate as base fertilizer, bioactive RE micro-fertilizer and RE entire plant nutrition agent as topdressing fertilizer are treated on Hongti grope.The result showes that the plant leaves become thicker, the color is dark green, the plant disease index is lower, and the sugar content significantly increases.     

Effect of Rare Earth on Thermal Shock Resistance of Steel 9Cr2Mo

Ｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｄｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｈｏｔｒｏｌｌｅｒｓｔｅｅｌ.ＲＥｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｃａｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｒ ｍａｌｆａｔｉｇｕｅ[1] ,ｌｏｗｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｆａｔｉｇｕｅ[2 ] ,ｐｌａｓ ｔｉｃｉｔｙａｎｄｔｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓ[3] ,ｒｅｆｉｎｅａｕｓｔｅｎｉｔｉｃｇｒａｉｎｓｉｚｅ[4] ａｎｄｍｏｄｉｆｙｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ[5 ] ｏｆｈｏｔｒｏｌｌｅｒｓｔｅｅｌ 6 0ＣｒＭｎＭｏ .Ｓｔｅｅｌ 9Ｃｒ2Ｍｏｉｓａｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｌｄｒｏｌｌｅｒｓｔｅｅｌ.Ｗｈｅｎ…     

稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

通过熔炼—雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末,并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层的显微组织及其在弱酸、中性盐溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX对合金喷焊层的物相结构、显微组织进行了观察和分析。在实验结果的基础上,对稀土的有关作用机制进行了分析和讨论。     

稀土超量积累植物铁芒萁中稀土元素的赋存状态

从稀土矿区和非矿区采集的稀土超量积累植物铁芒萁的叶片分离成醚溶物、水溶物、碱溶物和残余物四个组分。用中子活化分析测定了其中稀土元素的含量 ,发现稀土元素主要存在于残余物 (果胶、半纤维素、纤维素 )中 ,而主要成份为蛋白的碱溶物中稀土含量维持较低水平 ,从而避免了大量稀土对植物正常生理功能造成影响。矿区幼叶醚溶物 (脂肪、色素、蜡等 )和碱溶物中稀土含量明显高于矿区和非矿区的成熟叶片 ,表明稀土元素很可能参与了植物的生理活动。