宝钢厚板边裂成因分析和改善

边裂是影响宝钢厚板质量的一个重要因素.对厚板边部的非连续弧形裂纹缺陷取样,进行金相分析,并对连铸板坯进行对比轧制试验,证实钢板边裂是由连铸板坯角部横向裂纹引起.分析了影响板坯角部横裂的结晶器保护渣、二冷水、结晶器、浇注速度等工艺因素.在此基础上,提出了改善板坯角部横裂的有效措施,即改进保护渣性能、优化二冷水水量分配、弱化结晶器冷却、稳定结晶器锥度和采用合适的浇注速度等等.实施以上措施后,钢板边部裂纹大幅度减少.     

异型坯连铸机全保护浇注工艺设计应用

通过对近终型异型坯连铸机工艺、设备及配套耐火材料的设计改造,实现了具有塞棒自动控制功能的单水口全保护浇注工艺,保护浇注工艺条件下,结晶器流场合理,保护渣液渣层分布均匀稳定。不但防止了钢水的二次氧化,提高了连铸坯质量,同时提高了连铸机的自动化控制水平,降低了工人的劳动强度,改善了作业环境。     

保护渣加入方式对超低碳825合金增碳的影响

研究了超低碳825合金冶炼浇注过程中,不同保护渣加入方式对其增碳的影响。结果表明,无论哪种保护渣加入方式,都会造成不同程度的增碳和少量的增氮,对其余元素的影响则较小;采用保护渣全部铺盖在结晶器底部的工艺,其浇注过程增碳最为严重,因渣温低、导热性差,易于形成冷皮,影响渣层厚度。通过降低保护渣铺盖量,采用部分在浇注中后期加入的工艺,其浇注过程增碳量得到明显降低。     

外加液态保护渣连铸生产实践与前景展望

 外加液态保护渣可以提高铸坯质量和可浇性。在某厂板坯连铸机上，分别采用液态保护渣和固态保护渣进行多钢种浇注试验，对比液态保护渣和固态保护渣消耗量、结晶器温度分布、拉坯摩擦力及铸坯质量，并对液态保护渣的应用前景进行展望。结果显示，液态保护渣比固态保护渣消耗量增加60%左右，结晶器温度分布更均匀，连铸拉坯摩擦力降低约15%，铸坯质量有所提高。这说明在连铸过程中，液态保护渣使结晶器和铸坯间传热更均匀；液态保护渣润滑效果更好，可以提高铸坯质量。同时，有望不添加F-、Na+等有害离子，改善环保问题。     

薄板坯连铸保护浇注工艺研究

钢水在浇注过程中如果保护措施不到位,空气很容易进入钢水并导致其氧含量和氮含量增加,从而恶化钢水质量。通过研究首钢京唐公司MCCR产线连铸保护浇注工艺,分析了钢包自开率、钢包下渣检测系统、钢包长水口+中间包保护浇注等因素对保护浇注的影响,并提出了相应的保护浇注措施。实施后,中间包铝损和铝比合格率不断上升,铸机保护浇注效果良好。     

CSP连铸结晶器国产保护渣的应用

连铸结晶器保护渣对铸机的浇注和铸坯表面质量有着显著影响。从马钢CSP连铸机投产以来一直使用进口保护渣,2006年1月生产SS400钢种时出现频繁漏钢,后来采用某国产保护渣。生产300炉。未发生漏钢事故,马钢使用超低碳钢保护渣,通过对保护渣的物理、化学性能及其影响因素的分析,提出了适合CSP连铸机结晶器保护渣的各项性能指标。     

磨球钢连铸坯角部裂纹原因分析和控制

通过优化连铸工艺操作要点、设备定修保养周期,以结晶器铜管过钢量控制、水缝均匀性、保证钢水纯净度、优化保护渣使用效果、水口对中、插入深度等相关影响因素为切入点,对结晶器总成设备、工艺、操作、保护渣等问题进行了详细调查和分析,采取优化措施,使连铸坯质量明显改善。     

低碳钢板坯连铸保护渣的研究与应用

通过对武汉钢铁股份有限公司炼钢总厂四分厂低碳钢卷表面缺陷产生原因进行分析,认为结晶器卷渣是主要影响因素。在研究结晶器卷渣机理的基础上,通过调整保护渣成分、提高保护渣的黏度以及生产对比试验,开发出适合该厂连铸生产的高黏度保护渣,并提出了操作要点。应用结果表明,该保护渣对于控制成品质量、提高生产稳定性均具有明显效果。     

薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢用保护渣的研究

针对薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢钢种及相应的结晶器保护渣特点,分析了保护渣理化性能与无取向电工钢增碳及浇注过程中结晶器热流的关系.研究发现,通过降低渣中配碳量(w(C)＜2%),并控制液渣层厚度保持在5～10 mm等方法,可有效防止保护渣引起的增碳;通过调整保护渣理化性能即降低保护渣的碱度和熔化温度的方法,可以提高无取向电工钢浇注过程中的结晶器热流,获得能够实现浇注过程中热流稳定、不引起增碳、板卷质量良好的无取向电工钢结晶器保护渣理化性能指标.     

结晶器保护渣粘度的测量

在过去几十年里,连铸是铸钢过程中的主要生产工艺流程。在此工艺过程中,结晶器保护渣在结晶器和坯壳之间起到润滑作用,保证连铸过程顺利地进行,同时保证铸坯质量。结晶器保护渣粘度是确定最佳浇铸条件的关键参数。为了确定结晶器保护渣的粘度参数,早期进行了几个试验研究,工业用渣以及合成渣的成分接近于工业用结晶器保护渣。然而,随着新钢种的不断更新,需要更多的洁净钢生产工艺操作,在生产中使用的结晶器保护渣,一般观察到Al2O3含量大约为2％-4％,由于这个原因,本文对瑞典钢厂使用的结晶器保护渣粘度开始进行试验性地研究,并且同时研究了氧化铝的溶解对其产生的影响,讨论了本研究中测量结晶器保护渣粘度的工业涵义。通过旋转圆筒式方法测量了连铸生产工艺中使用的结晶器保护渣粘度。本研究采用了7种工业用结晶器保护渣,对应的7种不同化学成分,也研究了结晶器保护渣中Al2O3含量的影响。甚至加入相对较小数量的Al2O3,也会对保护渣粘度产生较大的影响,测量温度范围从1373K到1673K。     

连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象基础知识系列讲座(待续)第四讲 连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象研究概况(下)

影响连铸板坯表面质量的内在因素很多，其中结晶器的传热和二冷区的传热过程是不可忽视的两个方面。概述了国内外用数学模型分析热流状态、分析结晶器保护渣发生的热过程，以及研究开发二冷区热交换系数模型，用于预测中间裂纹的形成的情况。     

Development of Mould Flux for High Speed Thin Slab Casting

Mould powders impact the stability of the continuous casting process for steel at all casting speeds. The main functions of mould powder are to provide sufficient lubrication and to control the mould heat transfer between the solidifying steel shell and the copper mould. At higher casting speeds associated with thin slab casting, the role of the mould powder is even more important. Actual casting speeds for the thin slab caster at Corus IJmuiden are between 5.4 and 6 m/min; the production level is around 1.3 Mt/year (coils). It has been decided to increase the production of this caster to a level of 1.8 Mt/year (coils). In order to meet this demand, the steel in mould time has to be increased to approximately 85% and the maximum casting speed will be increased to 8 m/min. A collaborative project between Sumitomo Metal Industries (SMI) and Corus IJmuiden was initiated to develop mould powders which facilitate casting speeds up to 8 m/min at the thin slab caster. Main subjects of this project are: mould powder design, characterisation of mould powder and mould slag, trials at the pilot caster of Sumitomo and finally plant trials at the thin slab caster of Corus. A special point of attention is the condition to use mould powder as a granulated material at the thin slab caster. As a consequence, the characterisation work focussed on the choice of raw materials and on the corresponding phase relations at elevated temperatures. Typical of the developed mould powders are so‐called mild cooling properties which will result in a controlled mould heat transfer during casting. In this paper, several aspects of this joint project between Sumitomo and Corus will be described.     

Mould Powder Requirements for High‐speed Casting

Mould powders play an important role in the stability of the continuous casting process of steel. The main functions of mould slag (i.e. molten powder) are to provide sufficient lubrication and to control the heat transfer between the developing steel shell and the mould. Sufficient lubrication requires an undisturbed melting of mould powders and uniform infiltration of mould slag. Based on the casting practice in IJmuiden, it is found that these demands become even more important for the applied high casting speeds in thin slab casting at 5 to 6 m/min. At Corus RD&T, mould powders were characterised by X‐ray diffraction and subsequent fully quantitative Rietveld analysis. Additionally, the melting of mould powders has been studied in‐situ using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, to gain crucial knowledge about melting relations. Slag rims obtained from the thin slab caster mould were characterised using extended microscopic techniques in order to describe the mechanisms of rim formation and growth. Finally, slag films obtained after casting were characterised. As a result, not only the melting process of mould powder, but also the mechanism of formation and growth of slag rims is much better understood. This knowledge will be applied to define the demands on the composition and properties of mould powder for even higher casting speeds.     

BGX—7Ⅱ连铸保护渣的研制

根据包钢圆坯连铸机的浇铸条件,研制出一种圆坯结晶器保护渣。工业试验结果表明;研制的渣能够替代进口产品,满足圆坯Φ２３０－３５０ｍｍ断面连铸生产工艺要求。     

高速连铸用结晶器保护渣

概述了高速铸的特点及其对结晶器保护渣的要求,给出了高速连铸用结晶器保护渣的理化性能及所应具有原成分;总结顾高拉速结晶器用保护渣的研究现状。     

Fluorine‐Free Mould Powders for Billet Casting – Technological Parameters and Industrial Tests

There is a clear trend in industry to eliminate fluorine from metallurgical slags. Regarding the continuous casting process, fluorine in mould powders is undesirable due to the following reasons: (i) evolves easily from slags producing health‐injurious gaseous substances like hydrofluoric acid, (ii) creates problems for storage and utilization of solid waste, and (iii) causes machinery corrosion. A collaboration among universities, mould powder supplier, and steel producer was established, aiming for the development of a new F‐free mould powder for billet casting. Firstly, technological parameters for a particular composition were determined: melting characteristics, viscosity, melting behavior, and crystallization tendency. Afterwards, industrial trials were performed in a Brazilian steelworks, doing some evaluations during the continuous casting process, such as ΔT between water cooling inlet and outlet, slag pool thickness, melting performance, powder consumption, Al₂O₃ pick‐up, and effect on SEN erosion. Comparable surface quality for the billets was obtained when using the F‐free mould powder, since the amount of scrap produced during the rolling process was not critical.     

The Influence of Carbonaceous Material on the Melting Behaviour of Mould Powder

The melting behaviour of mould powder during continuous casting is an important consideration with respect to caster performance, production rate and steel quality. In this experimental study the effect of different carbonaceous materials on the melting characteristics of mould powders was evaluated. Using X‐ray diffraction, different types of carbon were quantitatively characterized in terms of their internal structure and reactivity experiments were conducted to investigate potential relationships between the structural morphology of carbons and their reactivity. High temperature microscopy and drip test experiments were then used to investigate the melting behaviour of mould powders containing different carbonaceous materials. From the results obtained, correlations were established between the structural factors, chemical reactivity and melting behaviour.     

模铸线材表面增碳的产生原因和对策

线材表面增碳严重影响最终产品性能,选取6024等钢种作为研究对象,重点分析模铸钢坯表面的增碳原因,通过对钢锭模内部质量、浇铸保护渣、浇铸速度和热处理工艺等因素与增碳效果进行对比试验,并根据试验结果确定相应改善钢坯表面增碳措施。结果表明,浇钢过程中使用的保护渣含碳量为18％左右成为钢锭表面增碳的主要来源,因此,采用无碳保护渣是减少钢坯或盘条表面增碳的可行方法。     

天钢φ210mm断面圆坯的开发与生产实践

为满足市场需求,天钢通过设计合理的结晶器及水套的尺寸,确定连铸工艺参数,选用合适的保护渣、浇注温度及拉速、冷却水,加强操作管理和设备维护,开发出Φ210mm断面圆坯。经实践,Φ210mm断面圆坯年产20余万吨,原始合格率达99.93%,其形成的20余种产品质量稳定,能够满足生产要求。     

Design of mould fluxes for continuous casting of special steels

The melting behaviour of mould powder during continuous casting is an important consideration with respect to caster performance, production rate and steel quality. Two important factors, powder composition and carbon addition, are critical to control the properties and melting behaviour of the mould flux. In this study, the effect of different carbonaceous materials on the melting characteristics of mould powders was evaluated. Correlations were established between the structural factors and chemical reactivity of carbon and melting behaviour of mould flux. In addition, two examples are given of the effect of flux composition on casting performance for specific steels. A flux with reasonable basicity and additives was designed for the casting of heat-resistant steel (Incoloy 800) to reduce surface cracks. Another flux was designed for the casting of non-magnetic steel containing high aluminium by partially replacing SiO₂ with Al₂O₃ to limit aluminium oxidation by SiO₂.