铅锌冶炼企业雨水处理与应用

通过对厂区初期雨水的研究，提出雨水利用设想。项目实施后每年可回收利用雨水85万m。，减少随雨水外排的重金属锌137kg／a、铅550kg／a，水质符合《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978－96）要求，具有良好的环保效益和经济效益，符合清洁生产要求。     

利用排放距离控制初期雨水中重金属污染物含量

针对大型重金属冶炼企业生产过程中产生的烟尘飘落物等重金属污染物情况,对初期雨水冲刷企业露天部位所产生的初期雨水重金属污染物总量和排放距离关系进行了探讨,总结了利用排放距离控制初期雨水中重金属污染物含量的方法。     

废水处理设施冲击负荷的缓冲

针对重金属废水处理设施的各种冲击负荷形成过程，及其对处理设施运行效果的影响进行了分析，重点对初期雨水形成的冲击负荷影响进行了讨论，提出了缓冲的办法。     

废水处理设施冲击负荷的缓冲

文章针对重金属废水处理设施的各种冲击负荷形成过程，及其对处理设施运行效果的影响进行了分析，重点对初期雨水形成的冲击负荷影响进行了讨论，提出了缓冲的办法。     

铜冶炼厂初雨分流系统设计布置探讨

针对部分工业企业采用"雨污分流"的设计存在净化雨水的问题,以某铜冶炼项目为例,采用"初雨分流"的理念,以求获得更高效的循环水系统。本文综合考虑了雨水的污染源、地理环境、环保要求和经济效益等因素,并对厂区的分流系统进行重新改造,实现了铜冶炼厂区初期雨水尽可能的回用于生产。     

雨水收集远程自动控制系统改造及应用

针对初期雨水收集系统采用人工手动控制工艺流程,存在需4人轮班值守、人工效率低、日均供水仅150 m3且供水不稳定的问题,采取将各水池水位信号引入PLC,进而让PLC根据水位信号自动控制雨水收集系统工艺流程,搭配上位机远程监视的措施,达到无人值守、24 h不间断供水、日均供水500 m3的效果,可节约成本2 500万元。     

水资源循环利用和零排放技术的应用

介绍某厂对水资源循环利用,通过采用生产废水、中水处理与回用、初期雨水收集与利用等措施,使该厂实现污、废水零排放,非传统水源利用率达到100%,同时对零排放技术的经济可行性进行分析。     

工业企业雨水收集装置的设计与应用

提出了一种雨水收集装置的设计方法及应用手段，抽取优质雨水作为正常生产用水的补充或辅助，可适用于工业企业。该装置可直接设置在现有的雨水排水管网上，以雨水的电导率值为控制指标，适时择地的选择优质雨水，并根据所收集的雨水水质送相应的水处理设施。该装置且具有本身构造简单、运行管理维护方便、投资小，便于就地设置等特点，具有较大的推广和应用价值。     

湖南某矿区历史遗留含砷废渣处置工程设计

通过对矿区废渣实地调查及定性、定量分析,采用经济、合理的处理处置工艺,工程设计采用预处理+安全填埋的处理工艺,并配套设置初期雨水收集、渗滤液收集处理系统、地下水导排系统,确保对周边环境二次影响较小,取得了良好的社会效益和环境效益。     

雨水管道的计算机优化计算

本文根据雨水管道的计算特点，在分析了影响雨水流量计算和管径确定的各种因素后，利用计算机程序简化了雨水流量的计算，同时提出了一种新的优化雨水管道设计方法，得到了较为满意的使用结果。     

Tribological Properties of a Dendrite-reinforced Ti-based Metallic Glass Matrix Composite under Different Conditions

The tribological properties of the in-situ dendrite-reinforced metallic glass matrix composite (Ti42 Zr22 V1 4-Cu5 Be1 7 )prepared by copper mould casting were analyzed at different normal loads under the dry condition and rain-water.The results showed that the average value of the frictional coefficients and micro-hardness ascended with in-creasing the normal load,while the wear rate showed a trend of decline under the dry condition.The electrochemical test results showed that the surface of samples was pitting corroded in the rainwater.The matrices were corroded first.Then the dendrites were exposed,leading to the damage of the surface.Both the frictional coefficients and wear rate of the composite in the rainwater were larger than those under the dry condition,primarily owing to the corro-sion of chloride ions on the worn surface.The wear mechanisms of composites were mainly adhesive wear,accompa-nied by the abrasive wear under the dry condition and corrosive wear in the rainwater.The composites have higher wear resistance both under the dry condition and rainwater due to the lower wear rate.     

Factors Controlling Instability of Homogeneous Soil Slopes under Rainfall

Rainfall-induced slope failure is a common geotechnical problem in the tropics where residual soils are abundant. Although the significance of rainwater infiltration in causing landslides is widely recognized, there have been different conclusions as to the relative roles of antecedent rainfall to landslides. The relative importance of soil properties, rainfall intensity, initial water table location and slope geometry in inducing instability of a homogenous soil slope under different rainfall was investigated through a series of parametric studies. Soil properties and rainfall intensity were found to be the primary factors controlling the instability of slopes due to rainfall, while the initial water table location and slope geometry only played a secondary role. The results from the parametric studies also indicated that for a given rainfall duration, there was a threshold rainfall intensity which would produce the global minimum factor of safety. Attempts have also been made to relate the findings from this study to those observed in the field by other researchers. Results of this parametric study clearly indicated that the significance of antecedent rainfall depends on soil permeability.     

Estimation of Polyethylene Oxide Polymer Train and Loop Densities on Contaminant Barrier Materials

Desiccation of exposed clayey materials in cover layers of waste containment systems can ultimately result in the development of cracks that can promote the infiltration of rainwater and/or snowmelt, and escape of gases from buried wastes. Clayey barriers can be stabilized against desiccation by introducing binders such as concentrated polymer liquids or aqueous solutions. In this research, a theoretical analysis of the morphological configuration of molecules of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on montmorillonite (a common barrier mineral) was performed. A methodology for estimating polymer train and loop densities using batch sorption measurements was developed and demonstrated using PEO sorption test data for sodium montmorillonite (specific surface area: 31.82±0.22 m2/g) at initial aqueous PEO (molecular weight 8,000,000) concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/L. From test data, the distribution coefficient of PEO was determined to be 0.1599 mL/g. The analyses indicate that the distribution of sorbed PEO molecules into trains and loops is very sensitive to PEO chain flexibility. For example, for a function of partition function (λ) value of 0.1, the numbers of PEO molecular trains on 1 g of sodium montmorillonite are estimated to be 3.4×1020 and 4.7×1020 for chain flexibilities of 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. The greater the chain flexibility, the greater the opportunity for polymer molecules to lie flat on clay particles. Within an initial PEO concentration range of 0–4.0 g/L, no significant dependence of sorbed polymer molecular configuration on initial concentration was found. Possibly, extension of sorbed polymer molecular loops into barrier soil pores narrows fluid flow channels and hence the desiccation rate. This research enhances understanding of the physico-chemical processes that underlie clay stabilization by aqueous polymers.     

Reduction of Mixing in Jet-Fed Water Storage Tanks

Contrary to usual mains-water practice, mixing in water storage tanks used in rainwater harvesting systems is undesirable because pathogen die-off can occur in the unmixed water prior to its extraction for use. The principal cause of mixing in these tanks is the momentum of the inflow during a rainfall event. We investigate the effect of inflow-jet configuration on the proportion of stored water in a tank which mixes with the slightly cooler inflow of rooftop water. Scale experiments are conducted which show that the nondimensional height of the mixing front above the jet inlet is proportional to the inflow-jet densimetric Froude number for both single and multijet arrangements of various geometries. For each arrangement a coefficient of mixing is found. The results are then used to assess the level of mixing in full-scale rooftop rainwater harvesting storage tanks and determine whether residence time in such tanks is a viable strategy for pathogen reduction. For such applications, a radial manifold of jets outwardly directed from the tank center is found to be the most promising.     

厂区面源水污染控制的研究与应用

通过对某冶炼厂面源水污染的监测和相关资料的收集，并通过数据分析与总结．取得了面源水污染控制与受污染雨水收集的方法，并将其应用于指导收集设施的设计与建设，从而达到了对厂区面源水污染的控制。     

Postfailure Mechanics of Landslides: Laboratory Investigation of Flowslides in Pyroclastic Soils

Of all landslides, subaerial flowslides are the most dangerous. According to the literature, flowslides in saturated granular deposits are caused by static liquefaction induced by loss of stability. However, the catastrophic flowslides that occurred on steep slopes in Campania (southern Italy) in 1998, 1999, and 2005 were triggered by rainwater infiltration into shallow deposits of pyroclastic soils, which were initially unsaturated. Starting from the experience collected during the investigations of some of these landslides, the writers consider flowslide evolution as a result of a mechanical chain process characterized by saturation increase due to rainwater infiltration, mechanical degradation, volumetric collapse, and static liquefaction, culminating in complete fluidization of the soil. In the paper this chain process is investigated through wetting tests both in suction controlled triaxial apparatuses and in a well-equipped small scale slope model.     

Shear Strength of Compacted Soil under Infiltration Condition

Landslides in residual soil slopes are commonly induced by rainfall infiltration. These residual soils are typically in an unsaturated state with negative pore-water pressures or matric suctions since the groundwater tables in steep slopes are often deep. The net normal and shear stresses of the soil remain essentially constant during rainwater infiltration into the slope. Failure of the slope during rainfall can be primarily associated with the decrease in the matric suction of the soil. The objective of the study was to investigate the strength and deformation characteristics of a residual soil of the Bukit Timah Granitic Formation during infiltration that leads to slope failure. There were two modified direct shear apparatuses used. One apparatus was used for the determination of shear strength under controlled suction conditions while the other apparatus was used for shearing-infiltration tests. The shearing-infiltration test results were compared with the shear strength values obtained from the shearing tests under constant suction. The shearing-infiltration test results indicate a close relationship between the decreasing matric suction and the increasing displacement rate of the soil specimen. At the initial part of the infiltration process, there is a rapid reduction in matric suction that is accompanied by little movement in the soil. When failure of the soil is imminent, the soil movement will accelerate.     

全地下式多功能雨水泵站的工艺设计

结合南京河西新城南部地区新梗雨水泵站工程实例，介绍了全地下式泵站的布置形式、泵站规模的计算方法、引水工程设计。新梗雨水泵站兼有排水及引水功能，使城市景观河道起到“活水”效果。同时，利用泵站前池上部空间，设维修、物资仓库。     

深圳市西丽水库水源保护措施--环库污水截排

针对西丽水库环库污水截排工程，截流设施近期采用截流井配合截流堰的方式，远期采用雨污分流方式：工程投入运行后，已达到截排合流污水，削减入库污染负荷的目标。     

氩氧脱碳炉渣矿相组成及其定量分析研究

氩氧脱碳炉(AOD)渣是精炼法冶炼不锈钢过程产生的副产物,具有较好的可回收利用价值,但由于渣中含有一定量重金属铬元素,且在雨水淋溶作用下,铬会从渣中释放,从而对生态环境以及人体健康造成威胁。因此,实验以AOD渣为研究对象,采用X射线衍射(XRD)与扫描电镜结合能谱分析(SEM/EDX)的研究方法,对AOD渣的矿物组成进行了定性分析,在此基础上,采用绝热法和K值法分别对AOD渣中主要矿相进行定量分析。结果表明,AOD渣的主要初始矿相为γ-硅酸二钙、枪晶石、镁硅钙石、透辉石以及硅灰石;绝热法分析结果表明,γ-硅酸二钙、枪晶石、镁硅钙石、透辉石以和硅灰石质量分数分别为41.6%、16.4%、17.1%、14.7%和10.2%;K值法得到的这5种矿相质量分数分别为44.6%、14.9%、13.9%、10.7%和8.3%;两种定量分析方法确定的结果基本一致,其中,绝热法无需添加参考相,操作简便,精度能够满足定量分析要求,较为适于AOD渣矿相组成的定量分析研究。