超声波辅助提取花生衣中的白藜芦醇

[目的]以乙醇为溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取的方法提取花生衣中白藜芦醇.[方法]以白藜芦醇的提取率为考察指标,研究花生衣中白藜芦醇提取的优化工艺.[结果]正交试验表明,花生衣中白藜芦醇的适宜提取条件:常温条件下料液比为15:1、乙醇浓度为60%、超声处理时间为60 min、超声功率为150 W,白藜芦醇的平均提取率是0.299%.料液比和乙醇浓度是影响白藜芦醇提取率的显著因素.[结论]该工艺简单快捷,可用于花生衣中白藜芦醇的提取.     

超声波提取荔枝壳总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]优化荔枝壳中总黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]采用超声波辅助法提取荔枝壳中的总黄酮,以总黄酮得率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计优化提取工艺.[结果]最佳工艺工艺如下:乙醇浓度60%,超声时间30 min,料液比1:50,超声提取次数2次,在此工艺条件下,荔枝壳总黄酮的提取得率可达28.18 mg/g.[结论]超声波辅助法提取荔枝壳总黄酮具有方便、高效的优点,该研究为荔枝壳总黄酮的进一步开发利用奠定了试验基础.     

超声微波协同萃取五倍子中没食子酸工艺优化

[目的]优化超声微波协同萃取五倍子中没食子酸的工艺条件.[方法]采用正交试验优化超声微波协同提取没食子酸的工艺条件.[结果]没食子酸的最佳提取工艺为:以4 mol/L的盐酸为提取剂,料液比为1:30,微波功率为230 W,提取时间为810 s.[结论]超声微波协同提取法提取时间短、提取率高,具有广阔的应用前景.     

襄麦冬中总黄酮超声波提取最佳工艺的研究

[目的]建立并优化襄麦冬块根中总黄酮的提取方法.[方法]采用超声波辅助提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察提取时间、料液比、乙醇体积分数和超声波功率对襄麦冬块根中黄酮提取的影响,优化提取工艺条件.[结果]正交试验结果表明,影响襄麦冬中总黄酮提取的主要因素为超声波功率,而最佳提取工艺为超声提取时间75 min,乙醇体积分教70%,料液比1:20,超声波功率90W.在此工艺条件下,寰麦冬总黄酮提取率为0.581 mg/g.[结论]研究结果为襄麦冬中总黄酮的开发利用提供了理论依捂.     

苦豆草生物碱的提取工艺研究

[目的]探讨苦豆草生物碱提取的影响因素,确定最优的提取方法和最佳的提取条件.[方法]对比冷浸提取、回流提取、微波提取和超声提取4种方法的提取效果,同时通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究各种工艺条件(溶刺、料液比、超声次数、超声时间)对苦豆苹生物碱提取率的影响,优化其提取工艺.[结果]最优提取方法为超声提取,料液比、超声次数、超声时间对苦豆草生物碱提取率无显著影响,溶剂具有显著性影响.[结论]最佳提取工艺为溶剂0.4%盐酸,料液比1:20,超声2次,每次20 min.     

超声波提取贵州九阡李中类胡萝卜素

[目的]探索超声波辅助提取新鲜贵州九阡李中类胡萝卜素的最佳工艺.[方法]采用超声波有机溶剂法提取贵州九阡李中类胡萝卜素,在单因素试验优化九阡李中类胡萝卜素提取条件的基础上,采用正交试验确定九阡李中类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件,用紫外分光光度法测定类胡萝卜素含量,并计算提取率.[结果]九阡李中类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件为:以石油醚-丙酮(2:1,V:V)作为提取剂,超声波提取20 min,料液比(M:V,g/ml)为1:10.在该条件下,九阡李中类胡萝卜素的提取率为174.0 μg/g.[结论]该研究为其他新鲜果品(尤其是李子)的研究奠定了基础.     

微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的工艺研究

[目的]研究微波-超声波协同作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取工艺.[方法]采用单因素试验确定各因素对提取工艺的影响,并将微波-超声波协同作用与单纯的微波或超声波作用提取结果进行比较.[结果]微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数95%、固液比(M:V,g/ml)1:10、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间240 s.在该最佳工艺条件下,3次试验的平均提取率为98.97%,高于单纯的微波法和超声波法辅助提取的提取率56.79%和14.75%.[结论]微波-超声波协同作用比单纯的微波或超声波作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取率更高.     

宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

[目的]优化宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]采用乙醇回流法对沙枣中的总黄酮进行提取.在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.[结果]最佳工艺条件如下:提取温度80℃,提取时间1h,提取剂为体积分数0.60的乙醇,料液比1:18.在此条件下,宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取率可达3.070 mg/g.[结论]该研究为提高宁夏沙枣的药用功效和进一步开发利用提供了试验依据.     

超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]优化超声波辅助提取络石藤中总黄酮的工艺.[方法]以总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计研究超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的最佳工艺条件.[结果]最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%、反应温度70 ℃、超声时间30 min、料液比1:15;在此条件下,总黄酮的提取率为3.22%.[结论]优化后的工艺简便可行,可为络石藤总黄酮提取纯化工艺的产业化提供理论依据.     

超声波提取紫薯多糖的工艺优化

[目的]优化紫薯多糖的提取工艺.[方法]利用超声波技术提取紫薯粗多糖,用单因素试验和正交试验设计相结合的方法获得最佳提取工艺.[结果]影响紫薯多糖得率的主要因素按重要性排序为:超声频率>料液比>提取温度>提取时间;紫薯粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1:15,提取时间40min,提取温度60℃,超声频率80 kHz,此条件下紫薯多糖的提取率为3.63%.[结论]利用超声技术提取紫薯多糖可以提高多糖得率、缩短提取时间、采用较低温度提取、节省提取溶剂,降低提取成本.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.