Pechini法合成尖晶石LiCoxMn2-xO4及其结构表征

采用Pechini法制备纯尖晶石锰酸锂LiMn2O4和掺钴锰酸锂LiCoxMn2-xO4，结合化学分析和X射线衍射分析对产物进行表征。实验结果表明，Pechini法易于制备纳米晶粒度的尖晶石锰酸锂和掺钴尖晶石锰酸锂。煅烧温度为800℃，在空气中延长煅烧时间可提高锰的价态，得到富氧尖晶石。掺钴锰酸锂比纯锰酸锂有更好的结晶度和更稳定的尖晶石结构。按照～8％原料配比掺入Co，根据EDS分析，产物的化学计量式可表示为LiCo0.14Mn1.86O4。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的改性研究

为改善尖晶石LiMn2O4的循环性能，采用高温固相法合成了由Li2CO3改性的尖晶石锂锰氧化物，研究了Li2CO3添加量对LiMn2O4性能的影响。通过XRD，Rietveld精细XRD分析和模拟电池等方法对产物的结构和电化学性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明，部分Li进入到尖晶石LiMn2O4的晶格中，增强了材料充放电循环过程中的结构稳定性。随着Li2CO3量的增加，产物的循环稳定性增加。当Li2CO3的加入量为0．06摩尔比时，10次循环后的高温容量衰减由改性前的15％降低到6．8％。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究现状

对近年来国内外有关尖晶石型LiMn2O4材料合成的研究作了综述。从掺杂改性，表面改性和电解液优化等几个角度分析了LiMn2O4容量衰减的改善及循环性能提高，并初步分析了尖晶石型锰酸锂的容量衰减机理。     

一些金属阳离子的掺杂对尖晶石LiMn2O4的结构和电化学性质的影响

介绍了Co、Cr、Ni、Cu、Al 5种金属元素的掺杂对尖晶石LiMn2 O4 的结构和 4V区电化学性质的影响 :探讨了掺杂元素增加尖晶石锂锰氧化物 4V区循环稳定性的机理 ;减少了尖晶石在电解液中的溶解量 ;抑制了John Teller效应的发生 ;增加了键强度 ,使得尖晶石结构更加牢固。讨论了掺杂对尖晶石高电位 (>4 5V)区容量的影响 :掺杂后的尖晶石锂锰氧化物仍保持尖晶石结构 ,但与未掺杂的尖晶石锂锰氧化物相比 ,它的晶胞常数减小 ,晶胞体积收缩 ;锰元素的平均化合价升高 ;4V区的初始容量减小 ;循环稳定性明显增加。除Al外 ,Co、Cr、Ni、Cu掺杂后的尖晶石锂锰氧化物均在高电位区有一定的放电容量 ,且随掺杂量的增加而增加。     

层状Ni-Mn基锂离子电池正极材料进展

层状Ni—Mn基锂离子电池正极材料具有层状结构镍酸锂(LiNiO2)的高比容量以及尖晶石型结构锰酸锂(LiMn2O4)的高安全性、低价格等特点，是最有可能代替或部分代替LiCoO2的新型正极材料用于小型锂离子电池，同时也可望用作低成本、高安全性和大容量动力型锂离子电池的正极材料。本文综述了层状Li—Ni—Mn—O系化合物和LiNi1/3Mn1／3Co1/3O2的合成工艺、结构特点和电化学性能，阐述了层状Ni—Mn基锂离子电池正极材料的发展、研究开发现状和应用前景。     

锂改性尖晶石锰酸锂的循环伏安特性及其电化学性能研究

用LiMn2O4和碳酸锂制备了锂改性的锰酸锂产物，循环性能和比容量测试结果表明随着碳酸锂加入量的增加，循环稳定性逐渐增强，而比容量有逐渐下降的趋势。循环伏安测试结果表明，LiMn2O4及其改性产物具有两对氧化还原峰。随着碳酸锂加入量的增加，两对氧化峰和还原峰峰电位差呈逐渐下降趋势，说明了锂脱嵌的可逆性越来越好；氧化（或还原）峰之间的分形变得不明显，峰形逐渐宽化，说明锂离子两步脱嵌过程变得越来越不明显。研究表明锂离子脱出和嵌入的总量随着碳酸锂量的增加而减少。XRD结果显示，随着碳酸锂加入量的增大，晶格常数逐渐降低，晶格逐渐收缩，结构稳定性增强。     

Pb掺杂对尖晶石型锰酸锂结构和性能的影响

以电解二氧化锰为锰源,碳酸锂为锂源,硝酸铅为铅源,采用高温固相法在800℃下焙烧24 h合成尖晶石型Li1.05 Mn1.95-xPbxO4.系统地研究了掺杂不同量的元素铅对尖晶石锰酸锂结构、形貌以及电化学性能等的影响,结果表明:当Li1.05Mn1.95-xPbxO4中掺杂量x＞0.02时,材料的XRD图中出现杂质峰,随着x的增大,锰酸锂的颗粒有团聚趋势;当x=0.02时锰酸锂的循环性能得到一定的改善,锂离子扩散阻抗有所减小,之后随着x增大,Li1.05Mn1.95-xPbxO4的循环性能下降,材料的电化学性能变差.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究进展

锰酸锂用作锂离子电池正极材料是当前研究热点之一 ,由于其价格、安全和环境优势 ,其应用前景十分看好 ,本文综述了近几年尖晶石型LiMn2 O4的研究现状 ,概述了尖晶石型LiMn2 O4制备的方法、结构和电化学性能以及影响其化学性能的各种因素和解决措施。     

溶胶-凝胶-酯化法制备锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn2O4

本文简要介绍溶胶-凝胶-酯化法制备锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂LiMn2O4的基本原理。以硝酸锰和自制硝酸锂为原料,柠檬酸为螯合剂,乙二醇为溶剂,经过成胶、酯化和煅烧反应合成产物。用化学分析和X射线衍射技术对产物进行了表征,结果表明合成产物为纯相LiMn2O4尖晶石。     

合成条件对锂离子正极材料LiMn_2O_4电性能影响

利用实验室自制的Mn（OH）2沉淀,采用改性的固相法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4,并且系统地研究了温度、锂配比量和升温速率对LiMn2O4电性能的影响.通过对材料进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射光谱（XRD）分析以及电性能测试,结果表明：合成出的物质为标准的尖晶石结构,衍射峰与标准的LiMn2O4结构完全对应,为尖晶石结构;最佳合成条件：合成温度为830℃,Li/2Mn=1.05,升温速率为5℃/min.组装成AA电池后电池的首次循环性能都达到100 mAh/g.     

Combustion in Layered Ni + Al and Ti + Al + C Powdered Mixtures

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - This study is devoted to the technology of producing cermet coatings using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The importance of the study is...     

Solubilities of Pb+2, Bi+3, Sb+3, and Cu+1 sulfides in (NaCl+KCl+Na2S) melts

Solubilities of common metal sulfides have been determined in the (NaCl+KCl) eutectic melt with and without Na₂S. A novel gas-phase equilibrium technique has been used for PbS, Bi₂S₃, and So₂S₃, and an improved liquid phase equilibrium technique for Cu₂S, which eliminates the errors due to physical entrapment of the sulfide phase and segregation on quenching, enabling precise measurements to be made. Solubilities in the (NaCl+KCl) eutectic melt were determined as a function of temperature in the rante 700° to 950°C, and were found to be small. The partial molar heats of mixing of the sulfides in the eutectic melt have been calculated from the solubility measurements, to be 13.3, 31.4, 37.1, and 49.0 kcal for PbSs), Sb₂S₂(l), and Cu₂S(s), respectively. Sodium sulfide addition was observed to enhance these solubilities, the effect being largest for Cu₂S followed by Sb₂S₃, Bi₂S₃, and PbS. This effect is explained qualitatively. It was observed that PbS and Sb₂S₃ obey Henry's law up to saturation in (NaCl+KCl+Na₂S) melts. O. P. MOHAPATRA, formerly Graduate Student, University of Toronto     

Experimental and Calculated Ag + Au + Ge Phase Diagram

The investigation of the equilibrium phase diagram of the Ag + Au + Ge system has been carried out by the following ways: (a) the location of equilibrium surfaces was determined on the whole composition range by high temperature isoperibolic calorimetry and differential thermal analysis; (b) the equilibrium temperatures of the ternary system were calculated from the equilibrium temperatures and the thermodynamic functions referring to the three limiting binary alloys Ag + Au, Ag + Ge, Au + Ge. A satisfactory agreement was found between the calculated liquidus and the one obtained by calorimetry and thermal analysis. In the course of a systematic thermodynamic investigation of ternary alloys based on gold, silver, and a IV b metal, the three systems Ag + Au + Si, Ag + Au + Ge, and Ag + Au + Sn were examined; the molar enthalpies of formation of the liquid mixtures were obtained on the one hand and the equilibrium phase diagrams on the other.^1,2,3 This paper focuses on the latter topics for the ternary alloys Ag + Au + Ge; a comparison is carried out between the equilibrium temperatures measured by differential thermal analysis at the laboratory S.E.T.T. in Marseille and those calculated at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. This calculation is based on the thermodynamic data published for the limiting binary systems and also on the ternary enthalpies measured by calorimetry at very high temperature.