从碲碱渣中分离硒回收碲

广西某有色金属冶炼企业产铜阳极泥，在回收贵金属时产生的碲碱渣含碲量高达32%，现有工艺碲回收率低。针对在阳极泥熔炼生产过程中产出的碲碱渣开展湿法浸出试验，采用水浸—H2SO4中和—HONH3Cl沉硒—Na2SO3还原工艺处理碲碱渣，考察了水浸时间、液固比、温度对碲浸出效率的影响，同时探究盐酸羟胺沉硒温度、时间、盐酸羟胺用量对硒分离效果的影响。结果表明：水浸时间1 h、液固比4、温度55 ℃时，碲浸出效率达到最佳；盐酸羟胺沉硒温度80 ℃、沉硒时间2 h、盐酸羟胺为理论用量的3倍时，沉硒效果达到最佳，其分离率＞99.99%，回收碲粉纯度高达99%以上。该工艺可以有效地分离硒回收碲，具有过程简单、生产环境安全、成本低，高效率的特点，具有产业化前景。     

硒碲的湿法分离

本文开辟了完全采用湿法使硒碲有效分离的一条新途径。运用该方法处理高硒碲渣,可使半成品粗碲含硒达0.05%;同时可使硒得到富集,以便回收。     

从铜阳极泥中回收硒,碲新技术

提出了从铜阳极泥中回收硒、碲的新技术：以Ｈ２Ｏ２作氧化剂，在弱酸性溶液中氧化硒和碲，固液分离后调节ｐＨ分离硒和碲，在盐酸酸化下用Ｎａ２ＳＯ３还原硒和碲。硒和碲回收率分别为９９％和９８％，纯度均可达９９％。     

铜阳极泥加压浸出液中硒碲分离的研究

先通过脱除铜阳极泥加压浸出液中大部分的铜离子,再进行分步还原分离硒、碲,进而达到高效分离硒、碲的目的,硒、碲分离率＞98%。该方法解决了铜阳极泥加压浸出液在沉硒过程中硒不能完全沉淀、影响硒的直收率指标、后续沉碲尾料中硒含量偏高不利于碲精炼提取的问题。     

铜阳极泥加压浸出液中硒碲分离研究

先通过脱除铜阳极泥加压浸出液中大部分的铜离子,再进行分步还原分离硒、碲,进而达到高效分离硒、碲的目的,硒、碲分离率98%。该方法解决了铜阳极泥加压浸出液在沉硒过程中硒不能完全沉淀、影响硒的直收率指标、后续沉碲尾料中硒含量偏高不利于碲精炼提取的问题。     

铜阳极泥中硒、碲和铜分离效果优化研究

基于铜阳极泥综合回收工艺中硒还原段硒、碲和铜分离不彻底的情况，提出了在氯化脱硒溶液中补充氯离子的新工艺，随后在还原时间、温度、还原剂通入速率等其他参数不变的情况下进行两次硒还原工业试验。结果表明，采用新工艺后，一次还原中硒的还原率可达到99.72%,碲和铜的还原程度受到明显抑制；二次还原中碲的还原率可达到95.30%,铜还原率降低至4.71%;粗硒产品硒含量由72.04%提升至76.77%,碲含量由1.62%下降到0.45%,铜含量由2.17%下降至1.01%。相比原工艺，新工艺的改进效果明显。     

从含硒废料中回收制备高纯硒

介绍从含硒废料回收制备高纯硒的工艺过程,首先采用氧气燃烧法将废料氧化为各自的氧化物,然后于溶剂中分离、升华提纯、再还原处理纯净含硒溶液,制备出的硒粉,采用ICP-AES法对其中杂质元素进行测定,硒粉纯度达到5N(99.999%)。     

萃取法从铜阳极泥制备的碲化铜中回收碲

进行了从铜阳极泥中以碲化铜形式富集碲,采用萃取法分离碲硒并回收碲的试验研究。结果表明:以20%TOA+20%仲辛醇+60%磺化煤油(体积分数)为萃取剂、浓度均为2mol/L的H2SO4+HCl为洗涤剂、200g/L的NH4Cl溶液为反萃剂,可实现碲与硒、铜的良好分离;反萃液经SO2或水合肼还原,可得到高纯度的金属碲粉。     

铂把精矿预处理脱硒碲试验研究

对由铜阳极泥产出的铂钯精矿,采用氧化焙烧--碱浸--酸浸预处理工艺除去硒碲,富集金铂钯,确定了最佳工艺条件.硒、碲脱除率分别达到98.53 %、95.27 %,浸出渣中碲质量分数为5.18 %、硒质童分数为0.29 %,为后续工序分离提纯贵金属创造了有利条件.     

从铜沉淀渣中回收硒、铜、碲试验研究

研究了采用硫酸化焙烧蒸硒、水浸分铜、酸浸分碲工艺,从铜沉淀渣中分步回收硒、铜、碲。试验结果表明,适宜条件下,硒、铜、碲回收率分别为90.21%、96.32%、80.82%,可实现硒、铜、碲的分步回收。工艺操作简单,金属产品品位较高。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

Daydreaming and curiosity in gifted and average children and adolescents.

307 gifted (CA 10–16 yrs; mean IQ 138.8) and 192 age-matched average Ss (IQ 100.8) completed the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the Children's Reactive Curiosity Scale, and the Academic Curiosity Scale. Demographic and IQ data were obtained from Ss' school records. Factor analysis of the data resulted in factors indicative of individual difference dimensions in daydreaming content and curiosity independent of demographic and IQ factors. Analyses of factor scores by grade level revealed decreasing linear trends over grade on the Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming factor in both groups. Increasing trends over grade level were found for the Curiosity and Positive-Constructive Daydreaming factors in the gifted group. Average Ss showed a developmental decline in curiosity. Compared to average Ss, gifted Ss had higher Curiosity factor scores, lower Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming scores, and higher scores on the Intelligence and Family Enrichment factor. The validity of the distinction between intellectual power and intellectual styles and the development of intellectual styles are discussed. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

Praise and Blame and Robinson.

Daniel Robinson suggests that much of the civil and criminal law "serves as the institutionalized form of praise and blame". Indeed it does. Pulling at this thread of Robinson's tapestry leads the reader straightaway to a host of truths about how law and morality not only intersect, but work together in harmony. "[L]aw", Robinson says, is a "vivid expression of deeper and impenetrably complex moral theories". This essay explores several of these harmonies, but focuses on two. One is that political society must be seen as the cooperation of free persons according to law, which persons hold common moral understandings. The second has to do with retribution as the moral justifying aim of punishing criminals. The author goes beyond Robinson's limited praise of retribution, and shows that some central features of our practice of punishment are understandable only within the retributive framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)