准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子凸起上、下层系原油的地球化学特征差异及其意义

根据原油物性、化学组成、生物标志化合物以及稳定碳同位素等特征,将准噶尔盆地车排子地区各层系的原油划分为2组:一组是储集在侏罗系及以下层系的原油(下层系原油),另一组是储集在白垩系及以上层系的原油(上层系原油).同一组原油的物理和化学特征相似,而不同组的原油则相差较大.下层系原油为同一来源,来自二叠系烃源岩;上层系原油亦为同一来源,主要来自侏罗系.利用含氮化合物分布特征对该区进行油源划分和对比的结果与用密度、粘度、原油族组成和生物标志化合物等参数所得到的结果完全吻合,可见含氮化合物也可以用于原油类型划分和油源对比方面的研究.最后建立了车排子凸起的油气成藏模式:车排子凸起紧邻凹陷,油源条件充足;构造位置有利,是油气运移的优势指向区;该区发育的众多断层和不整合面,为油气的运移提供了良好的通道.油气沿断裂垂向运移时遇到不整合面则发生侧向运移,从而在空间上构成"Z"字形或呈阶梯状的运移路线,最终形成油藏类型多、含油层系多的成藏面貌.     

榆树林地区油气运移模式与油气分布规律研究

分析了三肇凹陷榆树林地区扶杨油层与葡萄花油层油源条件、运移通道、运移动力、运移方式等地质因素,认为研究区主要存在源内—上生下储式、源内—下生上储式、源外—断层砂体联合输导式以及源外—下生上储复合式4种油气运移模式。分析结果表明:源内的两种运移模式作用范围内,油气主要连片分布在邻近油源断层的局部构造高部位或断层—岩性圈闭中;源外—断层与砂体联合输导运移模式,油气以侧向运移为主,油气零散分布于古构造脊线附近;源外—下生上储复合模式,油气运移主要以断层与砂体配合垂向与侧向联合输导的复合形式,油气分布于邻近油源断层的局部构造高部位的扶杨油层,且其上覆葡萄花油层砂岩不发育。     

秦南地区天然气成因与油气勘探潜力分析

为了评价和认识秦南地区有重大勘探突破的陡坡带和该区的勘探潜力,利用该地区天然气组分和碳同位素等分析资料、伴生原油的油源对比以及油气运移模拟,定量刻画与定性评价相结合,对秦南地区天然气成因和油气勘探潜力进行了系统研究.研究表明:凸起带天然气为新近系溶解气且以干气为主,陡坡带天然气为古近系凝析气且为湿气;陡坡带天然气主要为油型气,碳同住素发生倒转.与之伴生原油的生物标记物表明,油气为沙三段(E2s3)和沙一段(E3s1)烃源岩共同贡献的结果.油气运移数值模拟表明:油气仅为断阶带"活跃"源岩所贡献;非烃类天然气为无机CO2幔源气;秦南凹陷为"小而肥"的富生烃凹陷,沙河街组烃源岩为好烃源岩,东下段(E3dL)烃源岩为中一好烃源岩;该地区油气主要为沙河街组烃源岩所贡献.油气优势运移路径与烃源岩评价表明,秦南地区为陡坡带和西斜坡,石臼坨凸起缓坡带和辽西低凸起南末端为有利勘探区.     

大情字井青一段油气富集控制因素

为探究大情字井地区青一段复杂地质条件下的油气富集特征、控制因素、油气藏类型及下一步勘探方向等工作,结合大情字井地区沉积背景,并以石油地质学、沉积学、油气田开发地质学等理论作为指导,研究认为大情字井青一段具备形成规模性油藏的条件,古地貌演化与生油岩的生油范围及生烃阶段控制了油气成藏的基础,成藏期正向古构造控制了油气富集带,条带形水下分支河道砂体与指状河口坝砂体等有利储层控制了油气储存,油气运移场控制了油气优势运移方向,广泛分布的优质区域盖层控制了油气藏保存,不同生储盖组合方式为多种油藏形成提供了条件。将大情字井青一段油藏类型划分为:大型岩性上倾尖灭带控制的岩性上倾尖灭型油藏;反向正断层控制的断层遮挡型油藏;正断层与岩性共同控制的断块—岩性型油藏。     

断层转折及其断层组合应力特征控油规律研究

受地震资料多解性和分辨率局限性的影响,依靠地震反射解释地下断层信息并不全面。鉴于此,对断裂转折和折射机理以及不同断裂组合型式应力集中状态做了系统研究。综合研究表明:断裂转折扩容控油,断裂转折处在剪切力作用下会形成规模性引张扩容空间,其与高孔高渗砂体的有利配置控制油气的主流向和富集程度;断裂切割深度突变的部位控油,断裂切割深度突变的位置是应力集中部位,一般也是断层面叠置的部位,张性裂缝通常发育,主断裂与其诱导的张性裂缝贯通联接构成油气优势运移通道和增大运移量;强应变区控油,油气往往富集于断裂脆塑性接触带或接触面构造应力叠复的强应变区,且油气富集强度与断裂面变形强度一般呈正相关。     

东营凹陷南斜坡沙四上亚段成藏规律研究

根据通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井资料、录井资料、对沉积相进行了划分,确定了砂体展布特征及有利储层分布。通过对地球化学的分析,明确成藏要素及油气运移、富集规律。研究表明研究区的主要有利储集体为滩坝砂体,储集空间主要为次生孔隙;油气主要来自凹陷内部的沙四段的烃源岩;油气在运移过程中,存在2条优势运移路径,主要以阶梯型和裂隙型输导体系为主。     

台南凹陷三叠系油气有效输导层特征分析

有效输导层是油气运移过程中实际经过的那部分输导通道。在常规储层物性研究的基础上,分析有效输导层宏观影响因素,结合油气显示数据,研究油气运移过程中流体在储层中的通道优选规律。研究工作显示:吐哈盆地台南凹陷三叠纪储层油气经历了由西向东的长距离运移过程,砂体是主要运移通道。埋藏压实作用是影响输导层物性最重要的因素,同等压实程度下,细砂岩物性最佳,三角洲内前缘和辫状三角洲平原是有利的储层形成环境。应用滑动砂地比连续计算地层砂泥岩分布,85%的油气显示小层分布在滑动砂地比大于60%的地层段内。台南凹陷有效输导层分布于研究区中部和南部,累加有效储层孔隙空间厚度在20~40 m范围。     

准噶尔盆地腹部断裂控油的物理模拟实验及其成藏意义

根据准噶尔盆地腹部地区二维和三维地震断裂构造样式解释、深浅层断裂生长指数和活动速率计算及声发射各主要构造运动期最大主应力值测试.结合盆地区域构造演化与油气成藏等研究成果,研究了盆地腹部地区断裂系统的形成演化、基本特征及其控油模式,并转化为实验模型,模拟了单一相(油相)连续、稳态流体运动条件下,深、浅两套断裂输导体系中石油的运移和聚集过程.结果表明盆地腹部地区受周缘板块的相互碰撞产生的挤压和走滑构造作用及多期次构造运动的影响,断裂发育,纵向上明显存在深、浅层两套不同性质的断裂系统,深层为基底卷入式压扭性逆冲断裂系统,浅层为盖层滑脱型张扭性正断层系统,其分别形成于海西运动中晚期和燕山运动早中期等强烈构造活动时期;高渗透性断裂带的确是油气快速运移的优势通道,盆地腹部地区深、浅层断层均是石油向上运移的主要输导体,断裂带渗透率大小决定着石油运移的方向和路径,在断层带顶部存在盖层封闭的条件下,石油在断层带中的运移呈不均匀地向上运动,断层带中含油饱和度自上而下增加,在向下增加的过程,石油倾向于在区域性盖层之下储层物性好的砂层中运移,而且是优先进入断裂上盘渗透率较大的砂层中,随着断裂带含油饱和度的不断地增加和断裂上盘储层物性好的砂层中进油量不断增多,进行侧向运移,最终聚集成藏,尔后再进入断裂下盘相应的砂层中,进油量较少;而物性较差的砂层中很少有石油进入.该实验结果得到了盆地腹部地区断裂两侧储层流体地球化学分析测试数据的佐证,对深化断裂输导体系下石油运移聚集成藏的理论认识与指导该地区的油气勘探实践均具有重要意义.     

曙光-雷家地区隐蔽油气藏及其成藏动力学特征

为深化辽河西部凹陷曙光-雷家地区隐蔽油气藏勘探,根据油气勘探研究成果,结合隐蔽油气藏的分类,将研究区的隐蔽油气藏划分为前新生代潜山油气藏和古近系特殊岩性体油气藏两类.其中:前新生代潜山油气藏包括太古宇潜山油气藏,中、上元古界潜山油气藏及中生界潜山油气藏;古近系特殊岩性体油气藏包括碳酸盐岩油气藏,火山角砾岩油气藏及玄武岩油气藏.在综合研究曙光-雷家地区的地质背景、油气成藏条件及成藏过程的基础上,认为该区具有形成隐蔽油气藏优越的地质条件,如多期的构造运动、复杂的构造背景、充足的油源条件、封闭性良好的盖层和畅通、多样的油气疏导体系等.基于成藏动力学系统理论,探讨了隐蔽油气藏的动力学特征,确定古近东特殊岩性体油气藏属于自源封闭型成藏动力学系统,前新生代潜山油气藏属于它源半封闭型成藏动力学系统.研究结果表明,这两类隐蔽油气藏具有匹配良好的生烃、储层、盖层、圈闭、运移、聚集的石油地质动力学特征.     

松辽盆地北部西斜坡姚家组SⅡ+Ⅲ砂组物源分析及沉积微相

已有研究表明,松辽盆地西斜坡姚家组沉积初期古湖盆大面积暴露地表,形成的姚一段区域性假整合面成为后期油气向西运移的通道,因此,研究姚家组上部地层沉积特征及其控制因素对油气的勘探开发意义重大.通过重矿物分布和小层砂岩百分含量分析,揭示了松辽盆地西斜坡地区姚家组SⅡ+Ⅲ砂组沉积时期受齐齐哈尔和英台双向物源控制.根据古构造层、古地貌形态、水体能量的控制因素分析,结合研究区49口岩心井资料和202口钻测井资料,阐明了西斜坡地区姚家组SⅡ+Ⅲ砂组主要发育水下分流河道、水下分流问湾、远砂坝、河口坝、砂坪、泥坪和混合坪7种微相类型,并总结出SⅡ+Ⅲ4、SⅡ+Ⅲ3、SⅡ+Ⅲ2、SⅡ+Ⅲ14个小层沉积微相平面展布特征及变化规律.研究区姚家组SⅡ+Ⅲ砂组在南北向物源控制下发育的7种微相中,水下分流河道和河口坝为最有利的砂体储集类型;湖水冲刷环境下形成的砂坪和混合坪很可能成为后期湖区勘探的潜在目标.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.