鼓槌石斛种子萌发培养与小苗组培快繁技术研究

[目的]利用鼓槌石斛蒴果,通过无菌播种萌发发育成苗及小苗快繁技术试验研究,从而获得大量种苗.[方法]用鼓槌石斛种子通过无菌播种获得大量原球茎,分别转接到4组不同的诱导芽培养基上,筛选出最适合鼓槌石斛小苗分化和成长的培养基,以其设置以N6为基本培养基.添加浓度均为1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/L的NAA和IAA,筛选最适合鼓槌石斛小苗生根壮苗培养基.[结果]将鼓槌石斛种子在MS+6-BA 1mg/L+10%香蕉汁+20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂+1g/L AC培养基上进行培养种子,种子萌发率达90%以上;最利于原球茎分化的培养基为N6+NAA 2 mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L+10%香蕉汁+20 g/L蔗糖+0.5 g/L牛肉蛋白胨+5.8 g/L琼脂+0.5g/L AC,培养出的苗整齐度高,均匀;最佳生根壮苗培养基为N6+NAA 1.5 m昏/L+10%香蕉汁+20g/L蔗糖+5.8 g/L琼脂+1g/LAC,苗生根数多、粗壮、整齐,叶浓绿.[结论]该研究结果为鼓槌石斛快速繁育技术提供了参考.     

铁皮石斛原球茎增殖培养基配方的优化

[目的]获得铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.)原球茎组织培养的最佳培养基配方.[方法]用正交试验筛选出6-BA、NAA、KT 最佳的浓度配比,并考察各因素对铁皮石斛原球茎增殖率的影响.[结果]铁皮石斛原球茎增殖的最佳培养基配方为1/2MS+2.0 ms/L 6-BA+0.5 ms/L NAA+1.0 ms/L KT.[结论]该研究为工业化生产铁皮石斛原球茎及其有效成分,推进铁皮石斛工厂化育苗奠定了基础.     

枸杞组织培养快速繁殖技术

以枸杞、新疆枸杞、宁夏枸杞的种子为外植体进行组织培养快速繁殖技术研究,结果表明:枸杞最适宜的初代培养基为MS+6BA 1.5 mg·L-1+IBA0.2 mg·L-1,宁夏枸杞和新疆枸杞最适宜的初代培养基为MS+6BA2.5 mg·L-1+IBA0.2 mg·L-1;3种枸杞最佳的继代培养基均为MS+6BA0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1,分化诱导率分别为60%、40%、44%,增殖倍数分别为4.5倍、3倍、3倍;在MS+6BA 0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 0.1 mg·L-1培养基上3种枸杞的幼苗生长均表现为粗壮;生根培养基以1/2 MS+IBA 0.1 mg·L-1效果最佳.以腐殖土、蛭石、河沙等量昆合配制的移栽基质效果最佳,移栽成活率为96%.     

八仙花组织培养繁殖技术

以八仙花的茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,在MS培养基中加入不同质量分数的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)进行增殖培养.结果 表明:适宜八仙花外植体表面灭菌的方法是利用0.1%氯化汞(HgCl2)灭菌7 min;不同类型的八仙花外植体在初代培养时的增殖效果不同,茎尖在培养过程中首先伸长生长,然后陆续长出侧芽,表明八仙花的茎尖是比较适合用来进行增殖培养的外植体;继代培养以MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+IBA0.12 mg·L-1为较适宜的增殖培养基;侧芽在1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1培养基中生根率和单苗根数量均较高,说明1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1为较好的不定根诱导培养基.     

白玉银桦组培快繁技术研究

[目的]研究白玉银桦(Grevillea baileyana)的组培快繁技术,以提高繁殖速率和生根率,建立一套高效的再生体系.[方法]以白玉银桦半木质化枝条为外植体,对适宜的丛芽诱导、增殖、生根的培养基进行了系统研究.[结果]最适启动培养基为:MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂粉6 g/L;最佳增殖培养基为:MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂粉6 g/L,增殖系数达3.6以上;适宜的生根培养基为:1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂粉6 g/L,生根率达到90%以上,生根苗平均根数3.0条.[结论]该研究为解决目前白玉银桦种苗的供需矛盾,开辟了一条切实有效的方法和途径,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

番木瓜胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚发生

以番木瓜的幼胚、下胚轴、叶片和子叶作为外植体,研究不同的激素配比、附加物以及培养方式和条件对胚性愈伤组织和体胚的诱导效果.结果表明,幼胚是胚性愈伤组织和体胚发生的好材料.幼胚最佳诱导培养基为:改良MS+10 mg·L-12,4-D+5 mg·L-1NAA+2 mg·L-1KT+0.5 mg·L-1 BA;最适合的增殖培养基为:改良MS+10 mg·L-12,4-D+2.5mg.L-1 NAA+1 mg·L-1 KT+0.5 mg·L-1 BA;最佳体胚诱导培养基为:改良MS+10 mg·L-1 2,4-D+2 mg·L-1 KT;子叶较难诱导愈伤组织,叶片和下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率较高,但愈伤组织质量较差,体胚发生率极低.     

速生优良杉木组培继代及生根培养研究

[目的]研究培养基、6-BA、IBA、NAA等4个因子对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)组培苗芽增殖的影响和蔗糖、IBA、NAA、ABT6<'#>等4个因子对组培苗生根培养的影响,寻求最适杉木组培苗芽增殖和生根的培养基配方,为杉木组培快繁提供一些有益的参考.[方法]应用正交设计法研究培养基、6-BA、IBA、NAA等4个因子对杉木组培苗芽增殖的影响和蔗糖、IBA、NAA、ABT6<'#>等4个因子对组培苗生根培养的影响.[结果]最佳的继代增殖培养基是1/3MS+蔗糖30 g/L+6-BA 0.7 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L,最适于生根的培养基是1/2MS+蔗糖30 g/L+IBA 1.2 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L.[结论]该研究为杉木组织培养中选择合适的培养基提供了科学依据.     

黑刺李的组织培养与快速繁殖

[目的]为黑刺李品种改良和工厂化繁育提供理论依据.[方法]以黑刺李幼嫩叶片为外植体,MS为基本培养基,分别对其进行启动、增殖及生根培养,建立黑刺李离体培养再生体系.[结果]外植体在启动培养基MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L上培养15 d后边缘膨大,30 d 后形成愈伤组织,60 d 后形成丛生芽;带丛生芽的愈伤组织块在增殖培养基MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L上培养28 d 后陆续分化出3～5个丛芽;将增殖培养获得的2 cm以上的无根小苗接种到生根培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.4 mg/L+蔗糖 7.0 g/L上培养15 d后开始生根,25 d后生根率达75%;将试管苗移栽到基质(草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶2)上养护,30 d 后成活率达80%以上.[结论]该研究建立的黑刺李离体培养再生体系稳定性好、增殖速度快.     

绿玉树茎段组织培养再生体系的建立

[目的]研究绿玉树茎段组织培养再生苗的条件,确定各培养阶段的最佳培养条件,为绿玉树组培苗工厂化生产和相关研究提供参考.[方法]以绿玉树茎段作为外植体试验材料,研究了不同培养基对萌芽率、增殖倍数、生根率的影响.[结果]萌芽培养最佳的诱导培养基为1/2MS+0.02mg/L NAA+1.00mg/L 6-BA,分化率为89.7%;继代培养最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.02mg/L NAA+0.60mg/L6-BA+3.00mg/L AD,增殖倍数为5.70;生根培养最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.40mg/L NAA+0.40mg/L IBA,生根率达100%,移栽成活率达80%.[结论]初步确定了绿玉树茎段组织培养的生长条件.     

邢台野生酸枣组织培养研究

[目的]建立邢台野生酸枣组织培养快繁体系,为野生酸枣的规模化开发种植奠定基础.[方法]以邢台野生酸枣当年生枝条为外植体进行组培快繁研究、并探讨合适的培养基种类.[结果]邢台野生酸枣组织培养外植体最佳消毒方法是浓度70%乙醇消毒30s,0.1%升汞消毒10min.其最佳培养基组合为:诱导培养基1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;增殖培养基MS+6-BA 1.0或1.5 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L;生根培养基1/2MS+6-BA0.5 mgL.[结论]初步研究出邢台野生酸枣组织培养方法,并筛选出合适的诱导、增殖及生根培养基.     

密花石斛的生药学鉴定

[目的]对密花石斛进行生药学鉴定,为其鉴别及应用提供科学依据.[方法]采用原植物鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别的方法,对密花石斛进行生药学鏊定.[结果]密花石斛在原植物、性状、显微等具有专属性的特征.[结论]该方法简便易操作,可作为该药材定性鉴别的方法.     

两种石斛多糖的抑菌作用研究

[目的]探讨铁皮石斛多糖和金耳石斛多糖在体外对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用.[方法]采用滤纸片抑菌圈法研究2 种石斛多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用.[结果]铁皮石斛多糖对大肠杆菌抑制作用最强,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.5%.抑菌圈直径为15.8 mm;金耳石斛多糖对枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用最强,MIC为0.5%,抑菌圈直径为12.8 mm.[结论]体外条件下,铁皮石斛多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有抑制作用,但对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制作用;金耳石斛多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用.     

美花石斛蔗糖合成酶活性动态研究

[目的]测定不同处理、不同生长时期美花石斛叶片的蔗糖合成酶活性变化.[方法]分别采用激素(6-BA)处理(激素组)、特殊光照(物理组)和常规方法(对照组)栽培美花石斛,在2007年5、10月及次年1月3个生长时期采集叶片,采用比色法测定其蔗糖合成酶活性.[结果]不同处理组间蔗糖合成酶活性2007年5月份的对照组高于激素组或物理组;2007年10月、次年1月则相反,对照组低于激素组或物理组;各处理组均以2007年10月最低,人工干预组的酶活性变化明显,以次年1月最高,2007年10月最低.[结论]发现了不同时期美花石斛叶片蔗糖合成酶活性动态,人工干预措施对该酶活性有显著影响.     

Changes in endogenous hormone levels and redox status during enhanced adventitious rooting by rare earth element neodymium of Dendrobium densiflorum shoot cuttings

The effects of neodymium nitrate (Nd3 ) on the adventitious rooting of Dendrobium densiflorum shoot cuttings were studied. The addition of Nd3 (5 μmol/L) to culture medium significantly increased rooting frequency. Histological investigation showed that Nd3 did not change the process of root initiation. Nd3 did not influence total endogenous cytokinin levels, but significantly increased the level of en-dogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the base of shoot cuttings. Compared to the control, the ratio of IAA/cytokinins was very high in the Nd3 treatment. These results suggested that the enhanced rooting frequency may be related to the increase in endogenous IAA level in Nd3 treatment. Analysis of enzyme activities showed that the enhanced accumulation of the endogenous IAA by Nd3 should not be attributed to inhibition of IAA decomposition by IAA oxidase or promotion of cytokinin decomposition by cytokinin oxidase. Besides, Nd3 increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the process of adventitious rooting while the ratio of ascorbate (ASC) to dehydroascorbate (DHA) was not affected.     

Kinematics of the pelvic girdle and the thoracic and lumbar segments in the course of the lateral inclinations and rotations of the spine

Physiological displacements of the trunk are the addition of these of the pelvic girdle and thoracic and lumbar spine segments. For a long time (3), this conjunction had been noticed but without numbered precisions. The purpose of this communication is to appreciate quantitatively, from a series of 16 subjects, the respective share of each components during lateral bending movements in the frontal plan and movements of rotation in the transverse plan. It results from this work that the pelvic girdle presents as reduced amplitude (4 degrees) in lateral bending on the other hand, displacement predominate to the level of thoracic spine (50 degrees). In rotation pelvic displacements are very important (30 degrees), while the spine so thoracic that lumbar has a weak participation (inferior to 5 degrees). Moderated abduction of hips increases by significant manner the motility of the pelvic girdle.     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue whose activity was revealed after alpha-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres. Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa. The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S1-S4. S1, S2 and usually S3 fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S2, S3 and sometimes S1 fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S3, usually S2 and occasionally S1 fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S4 fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors. There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall beca