孔隙结构对地下水回灌颗粒堵塞影响的试验研究

地下水人工回灌是增加地下水补给量的有效手段,颗粒堵塞是影响地下水回灌效率的主要因素,介质孔隙结构是颗粒堵塞发生发展的直接影响因素。为了研究孔隙结构如何对地下水回灌颗粒堵塞产生影响,基于地下水回灌工程实际,设计并搭建了一维砂柱物理模型,通过玻璃珠介质和石英砂介质的对比试验,研究了介质孔隙结构对地下水回灌颗粒堵塞的影响。定量表达并分析了孔隙结构对颗粒运动过程和颗粒堵塞发生发展的影响。对试验现象进行了定量描述和理论推导,分析总结了地下水回灌试验过程中的颗粒运动规律及颗粒堵塞机理。研究表明,地下水回灌过程中介质孔隙结构越不规则,颗粒堵塞发展越快、发展程度越高、影响范围越大。本研究为地下水人工回灌等提供了一定介质孔隙结构对颗粒堵塞影响方面的理论参考。     

不同浓度悬浮物颗粒在多孔介质中迁移特性研究

多孔介质中悬浮物迁移特性的研究,有利于减缓实际回灌工程中的堵塞问题,对地下水人工回灌技术的推广具有重要理论意义。采用室内砂柱试验,研究不同悬浮物浓度条件下多孔介质渗透性的变化、悬浮物颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的运移-沉积规律,并分析堵塞发生的机理。本次试验以中位粒径224.2μm的石英砂作为入渗介质并在砂柱中分别连续注入由中位粒径3.24μm的悬浮物颗粒配制而成的三组不同浓度溶液(100 mg·L~(-1)、300 mg·L~(-1)、500 mg·L~(-1))。研究结果表明,在不同的回灌浓度条件下,砂柱内均发生了表面-内部双重堵塞;且随着悬浮物溶液浓度的增加,悬浮颗粒在多孔介质内的迁移量减少,而滞留量却明显增多,但悬浮物浓度对沉积量的影响随着入渗深度的增加而减小;堵塞速率也会随着回灌液浓度的增加而加快;在回灌的初始阶段,多孔介质的渗透性随时间下降幅度很大,随着试验的进行,最终会趋于稳定状态,且越靠近砂柱表层,悬浮物堵塞的程度越为严重。在实际的人工回灌工程中,要尽可能降低回灌液中悬浮物颗粒的浓度,以降低堵塞的风险,保证回灌工程更为长久地运行。     

人工回灌过程中含水层堵塞试验研究

通过砂槽渗透试验对地下水人工回灌过程进行模拟,连续测算回灌水样的浊度、溶解氧、铁离子浓度等指标,以及回灌过程中不同时刻砂槽的渗透系数。结果表明:人工回灌过程中含水介质的堵塞包括物理堵塞、生物堵塞和化学堵塞,其中悬浮物颗粒的吸附造成含水介质孔隙度减小所引起的物理堵塞是主要堵塞类型;含水介质的渗透系数在回灌初期降幅较大,随着回灌时间的延长而趋于稳定;距离回灌井越近的地方,含水介质的渗透系数降幅越大,堵塞越严重。     

雨洪水回灌中多分散颗粒运移-沉积特征及数值模拟

雨洪水回灌过程中多分散颗粒造成的堵塞问题实质上是多孔介质中颗粒的运移和沉积。为了揭示饱和多孔介质中多分散颗粒的沉积特性,开展了5种不同浓度条件下多分散雨洪颗粒(0.375~55.82 μm)人工回灌一维砂柱定流量试验,基于胶体过滤理论,建立多分散颗粒运移-沉积的改进模型并进行相应的数值模拟。物理试验和数值模拟结果表明:不同浓度条件下多分散颗粒的沉积剖面都符合“上陡峭,下平缓”的超指数分布,而不是常规模型预测的指数分布。超指数分布是多分散颗粒的非均等沉积造成的,常规模型均化了沉积颗粒的空间分布,Kozeny-Carman模型可以模拟颗粒的非均等沉积造成介质不同位置渗透性能降低,介质的堵塞程度与颗粒大小直接相关,介质渗透性能最大降低为原来的52%,雨洪水中粒径>2.26 μm颗粒的沉积是造成堵塞的主要原因。     

地下水源热泵回灌过程颗粒迁移-脱离模型及堵塞区判定

开展多孔介质中悬浮颗粒的迁移-脱离过程研究对地下水回灌工程、注浆工程和石油工程等具有重要意义。以地下水源热泵工程为依托,提出了描述颗粒迁移-脱离过程的波浪状曲面模型,研究不同的粒径组合以及不同压力对多孔介质中颗粒迁移以及脱离特性的影响。在此基础上,采用Comsol对典型地下水源热泵工程进行模拟,揭示了不同粒径及压力分布条件下回灌堵塞区分布规律。结果表明:在相同颗粒粒径组合(相同临界速度)下,压力越大,可以脱离的悬浮颗粒的范围越大;在相同压力下,临界速度越大,可以脱离的悬浮颗粒的范围越小;其他条件相同时,位置离抽水井和回灌水井越近,压力越大,渗流速度越大,悬浮颗粒越容易脱离。     

洛阳市地下水源热泵应用研究

介绍了地下水源热泵技术的发展状况及其优缺点,分析了洛阳市的水文地质特征、地下水资源状况,以及地下水源热泵的使用现状和应用前景等.提出应开展地下水源热泵的地下水开采与回灌的优化组合、回灌效果、建设场地的水文地质条件的调查和评价、地下水回灌对水井的化学堵塞机理和回灌井井管腐蚀、地下水开采过程中的控制沉降和地下水污染研究,以及地温空调井使用、回灌、含水层水位、水量、水质、水温等监测研究.     

西安与咸阳孔隙型热储尾水回灌堵塞机理对比

在分析西安与咸阳两市地质条件、热储环境特征和水化学类型的差异的基础上,采用水文地球化学理论模拟、室内堵塞模拟试验及现场回灌试验多种方法耦合的方法,对西安、咸阳孔隙型热储尾水回灌堵塞机理进行对比研究。动态岩心驱替试验结果表明,在同一温度下,西安回灌模拟试验各个堵塞率均大于咸阳回灌一号井堵塞率。两地化学、微生物堵塞对比显示,西安回灌井水体含铁量高,在回灌过程中产生大量铁细菌及铁类矿物黏泥,而咸阳回灌井水体铁类矿物影响微乎其微。研究表明,在开放环境下,地下水中Fe2+与空气中的O发生氧化反应生成Fe2O3和Fe(OH)3等矿物沉淀,这些胶状沉淀物进入地层后造成了堵塞。试验表明,西安三桥回灌井回灌地层适宜性不及咸阳回灌一号井;且西安三桥回灌井开放式回灌方式加重了化学、微生物堵塞。     

凌海市大小凌河扇地下水人工回灌试验研究

本文通过分析研究水文、水文地质及多年地下水动态观测等资料,系统地分析了地下水人工回灌的各种条件,对地下水人工回灌进行了试验研究.     

敦煌月牙泉地区人工回灌下的地下水动态模拟

在研究敦煌盆地水文地质条件的基础上,应用FEFLOW软件建立月牙泉地区浅层地下水三维不稳定流数值模型,重点分析人工回灌场(A场、C场)对月牙泉地区地下水系统的影响,探讨影响月牙泉湖水位动态的主要因素,预测最佳人工回灌方式。结果表明:区内水位的抬升和波动主要由渠系渗漏和C场注水引起;人工回灌并未宏观改变模拟区原有地下水渗流场补径排条件,只是局部促进或阻碍地下水径流;A场以回灌量2500m³/d为最优方案。     

辽阳首山地下水人工回灌可行性研究

辽阳首山地区由于地下水长时期的过量开采,地下水位大幅下降,形成了地下水漏斗区,产生了一系列生态环境问题。通过对该地区地下水开发利用现状和供需矛盾分析,研究了实施地下水人工回灌的必要性和可行性;在对水文地质条件、回灌水源条件、水质等进行分析后,认为在首山地区实施地下水人工回灌是可行的,并提出了几点建议。     

Evaluating Particle Deposition in the Artificial Groundwater Recharge Process by Physical and CT Imaging Experiments

Particle clogging in the artificial groundwater recharge process is one of the main factors influencing the artificial groundwater recharge efficiency, and particle deposition is the microscopic mechanism of the occurrence and development of particle clogging. Particle deposition in porous media changes the pore structure. The computed tomography (CT) scanning technique is a nondestructive testing method and determines the spatial distribution of pores in porous media. This study combines physical and CT scanning experiments to identify the change process of the pore structure in the artificial groundwater recharge process and compares the pore changes during recharge experiments between two columns containing different media. Porous media changes are observed with the CT scanning technique. The fractal theory is applied in the analysis of CT scan images and physical experiment results. The results of this study indicate that particle deposition can be examined by using CT scan images to obtain pore-related parameters, the internal pore structure of porous media determined through CT scan images can be applied in numerical simulation, and a mathematical model for particle deposition calculation in porous media is established. Compared to the physical experiment measurements, the spatial particle deposition information acquired with the CT scanning technique exhibits a higher accuracy and contains much more relevant data. Not only does this research reveal more clearly the particle clogging mechanism which is based on particle deposition, but also characterize, simulate and predict more accurately the development tendency of particle clogging during artificial groundwater recharge.

     

注水井回灌过程中堵塞问题实验研究

采用砂柱在实验室内模拟井灌过程中注水井周围砂层的堵塞过程。通过测定渗透系数的变化来分析堵塞的程度，同时，通过测定水样悬浮物浓度、细菌数目、溶解氧、TOC等水质参数的变化来分析井灌过程中可能发生的物理、生物堵塞。试验分别采用平均粒径为0.59 mm和0.34 mm的两种砂样。试验结果分析表明：悬浮物颗粒填充砂粒介质空隙引起的机械堵塞和微生物积聚、繁殖堵塞介质空隙引起的生物堵塞是砂柱堵塞的主要原因；砂柱上部对悬浮物和微生物的过滤、吸附作用强，堵塞也更严重；介质粒径差异对堵塞过程和堵塞程度的影响明显，平均粒径较小的砂柱更容易发生堵塞，而平均粒径为0.59 mm的砂柱渗透系数减小持续时间长，渗透系数减小的幅度大。     

Potential Clogging and Dissolution Effects During Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Using Potable Water

To avoid the water quality deterioration that are caused by artificial recharge (AR) of groundwater, potable drinking water has been used as one of the source water for AR to control the side effects caused by the over-exploitation of groundwater. Chemical clogging problems can still be caused by certain chemical components, especially Fe and Al, and a lower concentration of these elements can cause a notable decrease in hydraulic conductivity at the top layer of the infiltration medium. Some components in AR source water can be obstructed by the clogging layer, leading to a change in water quality. The accumulation of total suspended solids (TSS) at the clogging layer can cause physical clogging and worsen the degree of chemical clogging. Although clogging and the related change in water quality were the dominant issues that affect the infiltration rate and health risks during the AR process, the dissolution of the aquifer matrix should also be taken into account. This dissolution contributed to not only the hydraulic conductivity of the infiltration medium but also the potential change in water quality during the aquifer recharge, storage and recovery processes.     

Effect of Land-Use Change and Artificial Recharge on the Groundwater in an Arid Inland River Basin

The spatial-temporal variability of groundwater in an inland basin is very sensitive to human activity. This study focused on groundwater changes in the Alagan area within the Tarim Basin, China, with the aim of analyzing the effects of land-use change and artificial recharge on the response characteristics of groundwater. The distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE was introduced for modeling the influence of land use and artificial recharge on groundwater. Based on the runoff variation of this area, we selected three periods to simulate and analyze the response of groundwater. The results of land-use change indicated that there were significant changes from 1980 to 2000. The changed region accounted for 11.93 % of the total area, and the low coverage grasslands showed the greatest reduction. The simulation of hydrological processes before artificial recharge showed that the groundwater depths differed greatly with land-use types. Response analysis of groundwater to artificial recharge showed that the regions in which groundwater decreased were mainly distributed in grassland and bare land. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation coefficients indicated positive spatial autocorrelation of groundwater depths, but these began to reverse in 2010. Overall, land use and artificial recharge have a great influence on the time and spatial distribution of groundwater. Artificial recharge has played a positive role in improving groundwater conditions, but did not change the decreasing trend in time and space. The adaptation of environment to the decrease of groundwater presents as degradation. Groundwater conditions could be improved to some extent by the artificial recharge, but its change seems to be an irreversible process. Overall, this response study provides insight into estimations for exploration of water resources in arid areas.     

泡沫塑料滤层的雨洪入渗物理淤堵模拟试验研究

泡沫塑料是一种新型滤层材料,在海绵城市入渗系统中具有较好的应用前景,迄今仍存在不同雨洪悬浮物特征下滤层规格的选取以及淤堵之后如何维护等疑难问题。针对雨洪悬浮物淤堵问题,通过在典型场地取样调查分析,得出研究区域雨洪悬浮物粒径级配及浓度范围,采用室内试验来模拟泡沫塑料滤层的物理淤堵过程。将雨洪颗粒划分为5个粒组,分别制备悬浮物溶液,系统开展了滤层入渗模拟试验,建议了滤层选型原则。即对于粒径[0.1,0.25) mm以及<0.1 mm的细颗粒,与其相对应的具有最佳截留效果的滤层规格分别为80 ppi和100 ppi。采用组合级配悬浮物颗粒制备不同浓度的悬浮物溶液,针对两种规格的滤层,开展了入渗模拟试验,获得了泡沫塑料滤层渗透系数下降速度随悬浮液浓度的变化规律。即相同滤层孔径下,雨洪悬浮物浓度越高,滤层淤堵速度越快;相同悬浮物浓度下,滤层孔径越小,淤堵速率越快。滤出液浊度的分析结果也证明了渗透系数的变化规律。     

Recharge Wells Site Selection for Artificial Groundwater Recharge in an Urban Area Using Fuzzy Logic Technique

In arid and semi-arid area, groundwater is the most important water resources. Surface runoff harvesting is the most important process in the artificial recharge of groundwater that should increase groundwater quality and quantity. Urban impervious area provides an appropriate surface to produce adequate amounts of runoff. Groundwater recharge via recharge wells is one of the successful direct sub-surface methods. As many cities around the world face issues of water scarcity due to a fast and unsustainable urbanization, identify the best locations of groundwater recharge wells is an interesting relevant topic, especially in the arid and semi-arid area. Selection of a suitable area for groundwater recharge could increase efficiency of the recharge wells. In this study, the best location of recharge wells was investigated in Urmia city located in the North-west of Iran using fuzzy logic technique. In this study, locations of the drainage channel junctions with adequate potential of surface runoff were determined using SWMM. Appropriate locations for recharge wells were determined based on different layers including distance to runoff harvesting points, distance to the production water wells and depth of groundwater table. Hydraulic condition (hydraulic conductivity and specific recharge) was also used separately. The input layers were prepared using geostatistical interpolation techniques in ArcGIS 9.3 software. Mamdani fuzzy inference system was applied to incorporate the fuzzified input layers. Finally, in each area, pixels with the highest value were proposed as suitable locations for recharge wells. Based on the results, the number of pixels with “High” priorities increased when the hydraulic conductivity was used to site selection. Comparing hydraulic conductivity layer and selected location of the recharge wells shows that the area with low hydraulic conductivity and the area closed to the production water wells has not suitable priority for recharge wells.