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1.
直流输电系统再启动功能改进措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在高压直流长距离输电中,直流线路发生故障的概率较高,完善和合理使用再启动功能对提高直流输电系统的可用率意义重大。结合南方电网公司和国家电网公司直流工程的运行情况,分析了目前直流线路故障再启动功能现状,发现存在正常双极运行时负极再启动功能退出、可重启的故障范围小等问题。提出了改进建议:完善直流控制系统软件,加强两极之间再启动功能协调配合,在一极事故闭锁、直流线路故障及再启动期间,暂时闭锁另一极的再启动功能,防止两极同时或相继重启,避免因控制软件限制再启动功能的投入。并提出接地极线路接地故障和金属回线故障时,相应的接地极线路不平衡保护(GR模式)和直流线路横差保护的出口方式应由极闭锁调整为直流再启动。  相似文献   

2.
直流输电保护系统中的接地极过电压保护主要用于检测接地极断线故障,天广和高肇直流输电系统采用的接地极线路过电压保护中,检测到中性母线电压高于门槛值并满足延时条件后,便迅速合上高速接地开关———这一动作后果存在严重缺陷,在单极大地回线运行方式下将影响正常极的稳定运行,并很可能对换流站内设备和人身造成危害。文中结合直流输电系统接线方式分析了这一缺陷,并借助实时数字仿真(RTDS)系统和运行实例进行了验证,给出了改进建议,这有利于完善接地极保护功能,确保直流输电系统的安全稳定运行。  相似文献   

3.
直流输电线路保护中,以电压变化率为动作判据的线路行波保护和低电压保护难以检测出线路高阻接地故障,线路差动保护需要通过闭锁躲避区外故障而使动作延时较长,从而难以起到后备作用。同时,直流控制系统环节对线路保护的动作特性也有很大的影响,小负荷水平下将导致线路电流波动而导致差动保护拒动。结合某一直流线路实际参数,基于真实的直流控制保护模型与参数的EMTDC仿真平台,采用实际故障录波分析和仿真分析相结合的手段,系统分析了线路保护不正确动作的机理以及直流系统控制环节对线路保护的影响,并提出了解决方案。  相似文献   

4.
HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current)送端为巨型水电站或水电站群时,采用孤岛运行方式,可以避免HVDC系统故障时对附近交流大电网稳定的不利影响,但在采用孤岛方式运行的情况下,一旦发生故障导致极闭锁引起输送功率大幅跌落,将会出现关于水轮机调速器控制的新问题。本文指出HVDC孤岛水电交流系统的特殊性和研究意义,然后结合云广直流工程实例,讨论与分析了HVDC极闭锁故障下水电孤岛系统调速控制中的特殊问题。  相似文献   

5.
南方电网2015年将形成多条直流输电线路并联交流电网的局面。文中对直流输电的严重故障——双极闭锁故障进行了深入的仿真研究。分析了由此导致的暂态电压稳定问题,从原理上对该问题进行了理论分析,通过仿真计算证实了理论分析的合理性。提出了一种新的保留故障直流线路处的电容器组的策略,以提高故障下的暂态稳定性。通过仿真说明了这种方法的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
对于多馈入交直流输电系统而言,谐波的交互作用不仅会通过换流器产生,也会通过整个交流网络形成,因此这种情况就更显复杂。为了研究发生这种不利交互作用的风险,所有电气距离较近的直流线路都应考虑在内。文中以贵州—广东2条高压直流输电线路为例,应用具有详细换流器模型的电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC建立了全电磁暂态仿真模型,对谐波的交互作用引起的送端谐波不稳定问题进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,在弱交流连接方式下发生直流线路双极闭锁故障时,2条直流系统与交流系统之间的相互影响会引发谐波不稳定,而在其他故障条件下  相似文献   

7.
在分析±800 kV特高压直流输电线路区内外故障、雷击等暂态过程的基础上,提出了一种特高压直流输电线路暂态能量保护新原理。该原理根据各种暂态过程中线路两侧低频能量差值的故障特征,实现了区内故障及其故障极的快速准确识别。基于PSCAD/EMTDC的大量仿真验证,结果表明该保护原理简单、可靠、实用性强,具有绝对的选择性,不受雷击干扰、两极线路电磁耦合和换相失败的影响,高阻接地故障仍具有足够的灵敏性,能满足特高压直流线路对保护性能的要求,可在当前高压直流控制保护系统硬件条件下实现。  相似文献   

8.
以兴安直流宝安换流站一起双极跳闸事故为例,介绍了兴安直流保护系统中直流过电压保护原理,以及接地极电流不平衡保护原理,重点分析了这次事故发生的原因,指出了兴安直流工程中直流保护系统存在的不足,并提出了相应的改进措施。  相似文献   

9.
基于不同换相失败情况下的直流系统等值工频变化量阻抗特性,结合工频变化量方向保护原理,分析了不同输电线路故障时,直流换相失败对故障线路工频变化量方向元件产生影响的机理,并对各种情况下导致故障线路工频变化量方向纵联保护拒动的条件进行了深入分析。基于PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。  相似文献   

10.
在华中—华东多回高压直流(HVDC)输电系统上加装辅助功率/频率控制器具有显著的经济效益。首先阐述了HVDC功率调制的基本原理,然后给出了常规辅助功率/频率控制方案,并通过大规模数字仿真和动模试验验证了该方案的可行性。研究结果显示,加装了辅助功率/频率控制器的华中—华东多回HVDC系统能在两侧交流系统发生大扰动时,实现两侧系统间功率的相互紧急支援,显著改善两侧交流系统频率,并可在多回直流输电线路中实现功率的平稳转移,明显提高了整个华中、华东交直流系统的安全性和经济性。  相似文献   

11.
根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。  相似文献   

12.
Call for Papers     
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.  相似文献   

13.
The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 106 t CO2eq km2 per year, or 24 × 106 t CO2eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO2eq MWh?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO2eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO2eq MWh?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.  相似文献   

15.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.  相似文献   

16.
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).  相似文献   

17.
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.  相似文献   

18.
为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。  相似文献   

19.
岩石动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用新近发展起来的拉伸式Hopkinson冲击装置(SHTB),对岩石切口圆柱断裂试样进行了动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究。同时,利用MTS试验机进行了岩石的静态拉伸断裂实验,成功地获得了岩石试样的断裂韧度及断裂能随加载率而变化的实验结果。对静态和动态破坏后的试样断口进行的扫描电镜观察进一步表明,试样断口形貌的复杂程度与其断裂耗能有着十分密切的联系。  相似文献   

20.
在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

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