电力系统稳定与自动励磁调节器(续) 第九章 可控硅自动励磁调节器

9-4三相可控整流电路一、三相半波可控整流电路三相半波可控整流电路如图9-17(ⅰ)所示。电源的三个相电压分别通过T_1、T_2、T_3可控硅向负载电阻R_d供给直流电流,改变触发脉冲的相位,即可获得大小可调的直流电压。     

微处理器电源监视集成电路TL7705AC

一、前言每一个微处理器系统都需要一个复位电路,以保证上电时,整个系统处于—个正确的初始状态。通常使用RC电路作为上电复位电路,但此电路存在着不少无法避免的缺点。为了克服这些缺点,提高系统的可靠性,美国德州仪器公司(TT)推出了一系列的电源电路,它们都能在电源上电时产生复位信号,平时监视电源电压,当电源掉电或降低时,产生复位信号,直至电源恢复正常。在这一系列集成电路中,TL7705AC具有外围元件最少,温度范围最宽,驱动能力最强等特点。     

环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流调制元件结构优选研究

为充分利用井底水力能量提高破岩钻井效率,提出了环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流钻井技术。将数值模拟和试验研究相结合,分析了环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流调制元件结构参数的变化对射流破岩性能的影响。对比分析了调制元件的环空吸入量、出口流速、振荡腔负压值和进出口压差与射流破岩效果之间的关系,结果发现调制元件进出口的压差越大,射流破岩效果越好,二者呈显著线性相关。以调制元件进出口压差为优选依据,采用正交试验法,进行了数值模拟试验,优选了调制元件的结构参数,数值计算与试验结果吻合良好,表明分析环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流性能,优选调制元件结构的方法可行。所得结论可作为射流调制元件结构设计和优化的依据。     

微机保护抗干扰研究

采用与IEC801-4标准配套的NSG1025快速瞬变脉冲群干扰发生器， 模拟微机保护装置在实际运行环境中所受到的干扰，以国内新研 制的微机保护装置(样机)为试验对象，在试验、改进和对比的基 础上，结合抗干扰理论的分析和研究，提出阻塞共模干扰的耦合 通道，提高敏感回路的抗干扰能力，合理设计接地泄放回路等若 干措施，以提高微机保护装置的抗干扰能力。     

现场测试自并励机组发电机Td0′的一种简便方法

提出了一种适用于自并励机组的简便试验方法。该方法通过关断可控硅触发脉冲电源,使转子与已导通的2个晶闸管及励磁变压器副边形成放电回路,从而测得该回路的放电时间常数。该方法不但明显节约试验成本,减少试验时间,而且测量误差较小。通过电路叠加原理从理论上证明了该方法的合理性。结合实际情况进行误差分析,结果表明该方法的试验误差可以满足工程需要。最后举出了试验实例,该方法适用于自并励发电机的现场参数测试,只要发电机励磁调节器具备切断可控硅触发脉冲电源的功能,均可使用该方法。     

无极灯电源中磁路优化设计的研究

在无极灯实际应用中，由于其磁性元件与相应器件之间的参数有着较大的离散性，容易引发磁性元件发热量过大以及谐振电路工作不稳定的问题，从而极大地限制了无极灯的生产与其进一步的推广应用。结合实际工作经验，就无极灯电源中的磁性元件问题展开了研究并提出了一种磁路优化设计方案，以期实现无极灯产品的低成本与稳定性。     

问题解答

问:C620-1型普通车床主轴不转动是何原因? 答:该机床主轴不转,主要是因主电动机1D不转所致。原因是由于主电路或控制回路发生故障。应检查主电路电源、开关及其它电气元件的主触点等;属于控制回路故障,则表现在当按下起动按钮AQ后,交流接触器CQ不能吸     

检测电压瞬时脉冲扰动的小波-神经网络新方法

对动态电能质量暂态扰动中的电压瞬时脉冲扰动进行了分析，提出了一种基于小波-神经网络的电压瞬时脉冲扰动识别的新方法。首先讨论了电压瞬时脉冲扰动产生的原因，用PSCAD/EMTDC软件包实现电压瞬时脉冲扰动的暂态仿真。然后，选用db4小波并将扰动波形进行4尺度的小波分解，以分解后各层的能量作为3层概率神经网络(PNN)的输入特征矢量，从而正确地把雷击和开关动作造成的扰动区分开。仿真结果表明，与传统的基于电压幅值/有效值的扰动识别方法相比，该方法不但能正确区分各种扰动，且能对不同原因造成的扰动进行正确分类。     

自励源电子式电流互感器研发中的关键技术

简要分析了向有源电子式电流互感器高压侧信号采样变送电路提供电源的困难，根据电磁场储能原理，采用微晶磁性材料作为环形磁导体以及特殊的限流组件，解决了磁场取能作为自励源供电的技术难题，使之满足唤醒电流、唤醒时间和饱和大电流这3项重要指标要求。     

基于单机组试验选优的并联泵站群组合 优化运行算法研究

以并联泵站群日提水耗电费用最少为目标,构建包含各时段泵站运行数、站内水泵开机数、水泵叶片安放角及机组转速4个决策变量的并联泵站群变角变速组合日优化运行数学模型,提出基于二级子系统试验选优的大系统二级分解-动态规划聚合法。通过将原模型进行二次分解,获得以单机组日提水耗电费用最小为目标,各时段水泵叶片安放角及机组转速为决策变量的单机组变角变速组合日优化运行数学模型,采用大系统试验选优法求解。进而通过一系列二级子系统不同提水要求下的优化计算,获得单机组日提水量与提水费用的一一对应关系,原模型即可转化为以并联泵站群日提水费用最少为目标、各机组日提水量为决策变量的聚合模型,并采用动态规划方法求解。该方法可进一步完善组合工况调节方式下并联泵站群优化运行理论,较由站内单工况优化运行下获得的并联泵站群优化运行效益更为显著。以典型并联泵站群为计算实例,优化结果表明:各日均扬程下满负荷、80%负荷、60%负荷优化运行单位费用较定角恒速运行分别平均节约8.41%、23.07%、32.79%。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。