逍遥河生态小流域的规划思路

随着人民生活水平的逐步提高,人民群众对创建生态清洁型小流域的要求日益迫切。生态清洁型小流域建设是遵循生态优先和人与自然和谐的原则,在治理水土流失、美化环境、提高生态质量的基础上,构筑＂生态修复、生态治理、生态保护＂的三道防线。结合农村产业结构调整,在治理水土流失的同时,达到保证粮食安全、水环境安全和景观协调的目标,促进了流域内社会经济的可持续发展。针对沁阳市逍遥河小流域的实际情况,根据生态清洁型小流域的内涵,提出了在该流域开展生态清洁型小流域建设规划的一些想法。     

易县生态清洁型小流域建设实践

<正>为适应经济社会发展新形势的需要,不断拓深小流域治理的内涵和拓宽流域治理的外延,根据水利部"关于开展生态清洁型小流域试点工程建设的通知(水保〔2006〕623号)及省市有关通知精神,易县于2007年开始,利用3年时间,在旺隆水库(县域水源地)上游的柴厂小流域开展了生态清洁型小流域试点工程建设。按照"景观优美、自然和谐、卫生清洁、人居舒适"的生态清洁型小流域目标要求,主要采取以打造     

平谷区熊儿寨乡生态清洁小流域建设

文章介绍了北京平谷区熊儿寨乡生态清洁小流域建设的思路、基本做法和取得的成效：以水源保护为中心，紧密结合新农村建设，引导和培育生态友好型产业，通过对熊儿寨小流域山、水、田、林、路、污水、垃圾、河道、环境综合治理，构筑“生态修复、生态治理、生态保护”三道防线，使流域内整体达到詈观优美，自然和谐，卫生清洁，人居舒适，有水则清，无水则绿，实现“房前屋后是菜园，公路两旁是花园，全乡是个大公园”的目标。     

北京市生态清洁型小流域建设促进山区发展的思考

北京市建设生态清洁小型流域,有效保护了首都水源地,优化了农村生产生活环境,为山区可持续发展提供了支撑和保障。在建设过程中也存在理念落实不到位、建设标准不高、流域管理机制不健全等一系列问题。本文结合生态清洁型小流域功能作用论述和存在问题分析,提出深化生态清洁型小流域建设的对策建议。     

妫水河流域生态清洁小流域建设跃上大流域治理新台阶

妫水河流域自1983年开展小流域治理,已经有20多个年头,积累了一定的经验。在北京面临严重缺水的形势下,以水源保护为中心,构筑"生态修复、生态治理、生态保护"三道防线正式启动,妫水河流域形成了自己的"养山保水、进村治水、入川护水"三道水土保持防线。在具体操作上,仍以小流域为单元进行治理,但又不拘泥于小流域,突破小流域的局限性,树立妫水河流域的整体观,充分完整地考虑妫水河大流域的特点,把生态清洁小流域建设与水源保护结合起来,使妫水河流域的生态清洁小流域建设跃上大流域治理的新台阶。     

三峡库区生态清洁小流域综合治理模式探讨

长江上游三峡库区坡耕地面积广,水土流失量大,对当地环境和经济社会的发展造成了严重危害。通过建立库区"生态修复、生态治理、生态保护"三道防线,并开展库区消落带的治理,生态清洁型小流域水土流失得到有效控制。结合生态清洁小流域建设的一般原则和技术要求,对三峡库区的生态清洁小流域治理模式进行了探讨,并针对当前生态清洁小流域建设和管理存在的不足和问题提出了相应的建议。     

桃花源生态清洁型小流域建设实践与体会

建设生态清洁型小流域是水利部按照科学发展观的要求提出的水土保持生态建设工作新理念．目标就是要实现人与自然和谐相处。泰安市在桃花源小流域水土保持治理中按照生态清洁型小流域建设目标要求积极实践,取得了显著成效。     

铜川市生态清洁小流域建设必要性及思路探析

铜川市位于陕西省中部,为黄河中游水土流失重点治理地区之一。多年来的小流域综合治理,未能有效解决水资源保护、非点源污染、河流生态退化、村庄环境脏乱差等问题。生态清洁小流域建设是以小流域为单元的水土流失综合治理工作的创新和发展,但铜川市开展此项工作起步较晚。针对铜川水资源短缺、水生态恶化等问题,因地制宜,因害设防,按照水源保护型、城郊型、水源保护型与城郊型相结合的三个功能类型开展生态清洁小流域建设试点工作,实现流域内的山青、水净、村美、民富,并通过示范带动作用,最终建成健康小流域。     

生态清洁小流域建设技术体系研究

介绍北京水土保持工作从小流域综合治理走向生态清洁小流域建设的背景,围绕生态清洁小流域建设全面开展北京山区小流域单元的划分、水源保护三道防线划分、小流域调查监测及评价方法、防治措施配置和治理关键技术等方面的研究工作,研究并规范生态清洁小流域建设中的调查、评价、规划、治理、监测和验收等技术环节、取得了初步的研究成果,对北京水源保护及生态清洁小流域建设工作起到重要的技术支撑作用.     

欧盟治水理念在上水沟生态清洁小流域建设中的应用研究

延庆区上水沟小流域2010年被列入生态清洁小流域治理工程。治理中借鉴欧盟近自然治水理念,恢复水体生态功能,建设村庄环境整治工程,减少水源污染,发展特色产业,增加农民收入。流域监测结果显示,流域治理控制了流域水土流失,改善河流生态,推动了绿色产业发展。本研究推动了北京市小流域治理与国际先进理念、技术的接轨,促进了新时期生态清洁小流域的跨越式发展。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。