TASE2协议在调度自动化系统之间信息交换的实现

简要介绍了TASE2协议的对象模型及服务，并根据目前我国的现状，提出两种EMS使用TASE2协议接入广域网方案，即嵌入方式及外挂方式，分别讨论了两种方式下，EMS与TASE2服务之间的关系。     

CPS标准在云南电网AGC中的应用

首先介绍了OPEN2000能量管理系统（EMS）中适应控制性能评价标准（CPS）的新的自动发电控制（AGC）控制策略；然后，结合AGC软件包在云南电网实际运行中的经验，提出了正确设置AGC控制策略中相关参数的方法。这些方法有利于提高南方电网频率控制质量，体现在紧急情况下云南电网对南方电网的频率支援，为南方电网即将实施的CPS标准考核进行了充分的技术准备。     

SD-6000 EMS的前置机系统

简单讨论了几种EMS前置机模式，提出了一种基于MOTOROLA Delta系列多处理器、多操作 系统环境的大容 量、高速度、多协议前置机系统。介绍了其并行处理、分布式管理、RTU集 成、网络通信和可靠性保证的设 计思想和硬件构成特点及应用实例。针对工程需要，二次开 发了驱动程序，使之同时支持同步、异步、 SDLC和HDLC等多种通信协议。     

电力系统EMS数据备份方案

数据备份是任何自动化系统在设计之初就必须考虑的项目。能量管理系统（EMS）对备份的数据量、备份的版本、备份及恢复的时间有其特殊的需求，而常用的商用备份工具不能满足EMS的运行需求，同时，目前的商用备份软件不支持时间序列数据库。文中对电力系统EMS数据备份方案进行研究，制定出一套符合电力系统安全生产要求的备份及恢复策略，并已在南方电网网调EMS中投入实际运行。     

中国南方电网水调自动化系统基础平台项目通过现场验收

中国南方电网水调自动化系统基础平台项目现场验收（SAT）会于2009年10月29日在广州召开，南方电网电力调度通信中心（南网总调）总工程师张弥、国网电力科学研究院副院长／南京南瑞集团公司副总经理胡毅参加会议。验收组高度评价由国网电力科学研究院所属南瑞水情公司承建的“中国南方电网水调自动化系统基础平台”，认为项目建设程序规范，工程质量优良，系统运行稳定可靠，技术先进，各项性能指标达到了设计目标，一致同意项目通过现场验收。     

P2P技术应用于SCADA/EMS的探讨

在分析了目前国内监控与数据采集/能量管理系统（SCADA/EMS）的结构以及网络数据安全状况的基础上，结合现代计算机网络技术，提出在SCADA/EMS中采用对等网（P2P）技术的分布式计算模式。该计算模式通过利用主站内的快速网络资源、后台节点闲置的CPU周期以及多余内存等资源，以达到增强整个SCADA/EMS的数据处理能力、进一步提高SCADA/EMS实时性和可靠性的目的。此外，该计算模式采用了P2P技术，虽然只是升级了旧系统的后台机性能，但仍可较好地改善整个系统的性能，使得整个SCADA/EMS获得较好的扩展性。     

非网络型RTU接入调度数据网实施方案

设计了非网络型远程终端单元（RTU）接入调度数据网络方案，非网络型RTU通过低端路由器串行口接入数据网，主站通过访问路由器的以太口+串口端口号方式访问RTU，并对西北能量管理系统（EMS）的前置系统及传统的DNP3.0协议进行了改造，形成了西北的网络型DNP3.0协议，节省了大批非网络型RTU网络化改造的资金。该方案已在实践中得到验证，正在西北五省（区）电力公司推广应用。     

EMS中公共信息模型导入/导出技术

介绍了EMS接口标准化进程，提出了采用实时数据库作为适配器, 通过XML（可扩展置标语言）文件实现EMS的公共信息模型（CIM）数据交换的方案，数据导入、导出EMS时，由该适配器完成语法和语义的两步转换。文中解决了运用实时数据库承载CIM的关键技术问题，如对多重关联的表达和对继承的处理。实现了由CIM的UML描述自动构造实时数据库，并能将XML格式的CIM数据自动导入和导出EMS。通过自操作试验验证了该方案的可行性和适应性。     

基于CIM XML电网模型的互操作研究

应用程序级的开放是新一代能量管理系统（EMS）发展的迫切要求。国际电工委员会（IEC）提出的IEC 61970系列标准中的公共信息模型（CIM）能够实现EMS应用真正意义上的信息共享。文中基于实时库技术，设计构造了数据交换适配器，实现了原有EMS的数据库与符合CIM标准的数据存储器之间的数据交换和数据传递。根据IEEE给出的14节点标准系统数据，建立了符合CIM标准的电力系统模型。     

基于构件技术的能量管理系统设计思想

能量管理系统（EMS）的软件质量和生产效率的提高依赖于软件复用的深度和广度。 文中面向EMS这个特定领域，基于构件技术，提出了一种EMS的层次模型。在对电力系统EMS 的服务需求进行分析的基础上，从逻辑上将系统分为用户界面部分和数据处理部分。从构件技术的思想出发，将EMS分为数据采集、能量管理和网络分析3个层次。所提出的EMS的构件 化层次模型，基于逻辑进行C/S功能的划分、基于功能对象进行构件的划分，有利于实现相应的软件复用。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明:库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明:MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%～5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明:基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。