生物流化床法处理城市污水处理厂污泥回流液的可行性研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥回流液为研究对象,研究生物流化床法降低污泥回流液中氮磷浓度的效果,并分析了COD/TN与COD/TP值对生物流化床脱氮除磷的影响.结果表明,COD_(Cr)浓度对脱氮影响不大,而对除磷有较大影响.在COD_(Cr)为500 mg/L,进水TN为115 mg/L时,TN的去除率最大为72.05%,此时,COD/TN值为4.35.在COD_(Cr)为480 mg/L,进水TP为11.25 mg/L时,TP的去除率最高为36.98%,此时COD/TP为42.67.生物流化床法对降低高浓度氮磷污泥回流液具有一定的去除效果,TN去除率可达56.35%,TP去除率为28.96%.     

O_3—BAC工艺深度处理煤气化废水试验研究

采用O_3—BAC(臭氧—生物活性炭)工艺深度处理Lurgi煤气化废水二级生化出水,在臭氧接触塔水力停留时间为30min,臭氧投加量为9 mg/L,BAC柱反冲洗周期为10 d条件下,COD_(Cr)色度、氨氮和油类物质去除率分别为72.4%、79.7%、38.2%和92.5%。试验结果表明,虽然反冲洗时会对COD_(Cr)及氨氮的去除产生一定影响,但对色度和油类物质的去除影响不大,O_3—BAC工艺不但能够去除煤气化废水中残留的有机物,还能破坏显色有机物的生色基团,处理效果显著。     

生物造粒流化床中造粒颗粒的形态及微生物特性研究

生物造粒流化床是造粒流化床高效固液分离技术在污水生物处理领域的扩展.利用显微摄像仪、扫描电子显微镜及微生物固定技术,对沿流化床不同高度处所采集的造粒颗粒污泥进行了形态学和微生物学分析.结果显示,造粒颗粒污泥球形度较好,自下而上存在粒径变小且球形度降低的趋势;流化床底部的颗粒污泥中杆菌占据优势,顶部的颗粒污泥中球菌占据优势,显示着微生物群落沿床高的一种转变;对于单个颗粒污泥,杆菌多聚于颗粒表面及外层,球菌多聚于颗粒内部及里层;认为在生物造粒流化床反应器中存在着好氧/缺氧/厌氧区域,可以起到降解有机物和脱氮的作用.     

生物造粒流化床对污水的脱氮除磷效果研究

利用生物造粒流化床对城市生活污水进行了脱氮、除磷试验研究,分析了进、出水中TN、TP、NH3-N、NO3--N、NO 2--N等的变化情况。结果表明:生物造粒流化床流化柱内能形成球状颗粒污泥,底部污泥颗粒的粒径比上部的大;生物造粒流化床对TN、NH3-N、TP的平均去除率分别为39.5%、35.0%和93.9%。     

ABR—好氧组合工艺对农村生活污水处理效果研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)分别与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池组合工艺对农村生活污水中COD_(Cr)和氨氮的去除效果,并对两种组合工艺去除效果进行了比较。结果表明:采用ABR—好氧组合工艺处理生活污水,COD_(Cr)的平均去除率基本上稳定在84.2%左右,这说明生活污水经过ABR厌氧反应器和好氧处理后,能有效去除污水中的有机物;在后续好氧段,采用跌水曝气作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率比单独采用ABR提高了9.5%,采用曝气生物滤池作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率提高了24.9%,与ABR—跌水曝气相比,采用ABR—曝气生物滤池去除COD_(Cr)的效果较好;ABR—好氧组合工艺对氨氮的去除效果较差,达不到理想的去除效果。     

不同粒径好氧颗粒污泥的性质比较

试验采用气升式内循环间歇反应器(SBAR)培养好氧颗粒污泥,筛分得到粒径分布为0.5～1.0mm,1.0～1.5mm和1.5mm以上三组好氧颗粒污泥,考察了不同粒径分布的好氧颗粒污泥的性状和去除效果。试验结果表明,在COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N分别为1000mg/L和100mg/L时,三种不同粒径的好氧颗粒污泥对COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N的去除率均在90%以上,但对总氮的去除率差异明显,粒径在1.0～1.5mm的颗粒去除效果明显优于其他两组。通过硝化反硝化速率试验也能证明,粒径范围在0.5～1.0mm和1.5mm以上的两组颗粒污泥,对反硝化反应存在抑制作用,并不是颗粒越大越好。絮体和颗粒的混合系统处理效果要优于纯颗粒系统,且纯颗粒系统在培养一段时间后,又会恢复为絮体和颗粒混合的稳定体系。     

一体化脱氮除磷污水净化装置的开发及处理效果研究

好氧缺氧一体化的高效分离生物流化复合反应器(HSBCR)是在内循环三相生物流化床的基础上发展起来的一种新型反应器.考察HSBCR在较短停留时间内处理生活污水时的脱碳、脱氮和除磷效果,结果表明:好氧区HRT为1.5 h时,COD_(Cr)、氨氮、总氮、总磷去除率分别为81%、51%、47%和50%;HRT为2.0 h时分别为84%、64%、54%和57%.HSBCR不仅能在短时间内使COD_(Cr)快速高效地去除,而且可以实现硝化与反硝化的一体化,满足脱氮除磷的要求,有望成为小城镇污水处理的适用技术.     

组合工艺处理扎染废水的研究

采用水解调节池-厌氧折流反应池-组合好氧装置-垂直流人工湿地工艺处理扎染废水.厌氧折流反应池、好氧装置的设计容积负荷分别为0.5 kgCOD_(Cr)/(m~3·d)和0.3 kgCOD_(Cr)/(m~3·d),人工湿地水力负荷为0.35 m~3/(m~2·d).运行结果显示,系统运行稳定,污染物去除效果明显,COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N、TN和色度平均去除率分别为77%、85%、70%和89%,出水水质达到GB 18918-2002-级B标准.生化反应段对COD_(Cr)和色度的去除贡献率较大,而人工湿地对氮的去除较为明显,对COD_(Cr)去除贡献率相对较小.     

北京山区村庄生活杂排水土层处理的试验研究

针对山区村庄生活杂排水直接排放的实际情况,进行了5 cm、10 cm和15 cm厚的土柱处理杂排水的试验,重点考察不同厚度土层对COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度的去除效果.试验结果表明,土层对杂排水中的COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度均有一定的去除作用,其中对氨氮的去除效果最好;随着土层厚度的增加,土层对COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度的去除率均有所增加;5 cm厚土柱、10 cm厚土柱和15 cm厚土柱对COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度的平均去除率分别为40%～73%、79%～95%和32%～55%.     

造粒流化床技术用于活性污泥分离浓缩的试验研究

运用上向流造粒流化床处理装置进行了西安市北石桥污水净化中心活性污泥分离浓缩的半生产性试验。在总水力停留时间为 2 0min的条件下 ,形成了良好粒状污泥 ,经滤网式泥斗分离后的污泥含水率达到 92 .99%～ 94 .36 % ,出水SS浓度可达到 5mg/L左右。该装置可代替二沉池和污泥浓缩池两个构筑物 ,同时达到泥水分离和污泥浓缩的目的。粒状污泥具有的致密构造和优越的形态学特征是其达到良好处理效果的根本原因。     

Fluidised pellet bed bioreactor: a promising technology for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse.

A pilot-scale fluidised pellet bed (FPB) bioreactor, which combines chemical coagulation, biological degradation, particle pelletisation and separation in one unit, was applied for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse. As a result of rational use of inorganic coagulant and organic polymer and moderate mechanical agitation, spherical particles were generated in the upflow column and a well-fluidised bed was formed. With a continuous supply of dissolved oxygen through a recycling loop, an aerobic condition was kept in the bottom section of the FPB column. Under such conditions the pellets in the FPB column showed the following characteristics: (1) compact structure and high density; (2) rich in microorganisms; and (3) high MLSS and MLVSS concentrations. Therefore, the FPB bioreactor achieved more than 90% removal of SS, COD, BOD and TP from raw domestic wastewater within a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of only about 30 minutes. It also showed nitrification and denitrification ability and the TN removal could be about 50% as the recycling ratio was increased to 1:1. The treated water quality is generally competitive with the secondary effluent from a conventional activated sludge process. With these advantages the FPB bioreactor is recommendable as a compact system for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse.     

膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

利用膜生物反应器对垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,在不人为排泥的情况下,反应器连续运行60d。结果表明,系统运行稳定,短期内可以达到良好的处理效果(COD_(Cr)<300mg/L,NH_3—N<20mg/L,未检出SS和大肠杆菌)。并对其污泥特性进行了分析。     

A /O泳动床反应器脱氮性能研究

基于A/O工艺与泳动床工艺技术的联合,开发出A/O泳动床生物膜反应器.A/O泳动床系统表现出高效去除COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N和TN以及较好的抗负荷冲击能力.在HRT=12.5 h,回流比为300%,进水COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N平均浓度分别为343.4 mg/L、94.1 mg/L时,COD_(Cr)和NH3-N平均去除率分别为84.6%, 86.8%;COD_(Cr)的容积负荷与去除负荷现良好的线性关系,R~2=0.970 4;系统在较低的C/N下,TN平均去除率为70.8%.     

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO4(2-) ratios and HRT

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO4(2-) ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO4(2-) ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.     

Effect of 200 days' sludge retention time on performance of a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor for high strength industrial wastewater treatment.

A high strength industrial wastewater was treated using a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 200 d. The MBR was operated at a high sludge concentration of 20 g/L and a low F/M ratio of 0.11 during 300 d of operation. It was found that the MBR could achieve COD and TOC overall removal efficiencies at more than 99 and 98% TN removal. The turbidity of the permeate was consistently in the range of 0.123 to 0.136 NTU and colour254 absorbance readings varied from 0.0912 to 0.0962 a.u. cm(-1). The sludge concentration was inversely proportional to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), yielded excellent organic removal and extremely low sludge production (0.0016 kgVSS/day).     

多级高浓度活性污泥法脱氮除磷中试研究

多级高浓度活性污泥法在不征地、不增加处理构筑物的情况下,以提高活性污泥浓度为指导思想,对现有城市污水处理厂进行升级改造,达到脱氮除磷的目的。中试研究表明,在试验条件下,出水CODCr为33～43mg/L,去除率92%左右;NH3-N为3～5mg/L,去除率90%左右;TP为1～1.7mg/L,去除率72%左右。系统保证了良好的脱氮除磷效果。     

缺氧/好氧强化生物絮凝——生物膜过滤处理生活污水

研究了缺氧/好氧强化生物絮凝—生物膜工艺对生活污水COD_(Cr)、NH_3—N、TN、TP、浊度的去除效能和机理。试验结果表明:缺氧池、絮凝池的最佳HRT之比为3.6/2.4;絮凝池最佳DO为0.5mg/L;最佳流量为4m~3/d。在最佳工艺运行参数条件下,COD_(Cr)、NH_3—N、TN、TP、浊度的平均去除率分别为95.05%、44.91%、39.43%、63.46%、71.03%,出水COD_(Cr)、SS达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准,TP接近达标。     

Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂的制备、表征及其对垃圾渗滤液微波催化氧化活性的研究

以浸渍法制备用于常温常压微波催化氧化工艺的负载型Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂并通过XRD和SEM手段进行表征;利用优化制备后的催化剂进行微波催化氧化垃圾渗滤液的研究.结果表明:Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂中活性组分Fe以α-Fe_2O_3和CeFe_2的形式存在.在渗滤液初始COD_(Cr)5 736 mg/L、氨氮1 840 mg/L、色度500倍和pH 8.69的条件下,在Fe-O/CeO_2投加量10 g/L、H_2O_2(30%)投加量22.5 mL/L、微波功率800 W、微波辐射时间10 min和水样初始浓度C_(水样)/C_(原水)为100%的最佳运行条件下,微波催化氧化工艺对COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度的去除率分别为73%、78%和85%;在反应的第4～8 min和第2～8 min,COD_(Cr)和氨氮去除率分别与反应时间呈近似直线的关系.