组合膜分离技术资源化处理印染废水工艺的研究

为解决印染废水的资源化处理问题,针对实际印染废水研究了以超滤和纳滤膜分离技术为核心的印染废水处理及回用工艺在工程上的可行性。实验结果表明:还原染料废水采用超滤系统处理,膜出水水质即能够满足印染厂内回用水质要求;活性染料废水通过纳滤浓缩能够获得较好的染料回收效果。采用双膜膜分离系统(UF+NF)能够使两种染料废水的污染物均得到明显去除,还原性染料废水的总悬浮物、COD、浊度和色度的去除率达到了100%、95.21%、92.86%和100%;活性染料废水上述各项指标去除率达到100%、82.85%、98.46%和99.43%。双膜膜分离系统适用于工业印染废水处理及染料回收,是资源化处理印染废水的发展方向。     

VSEP振动膜技术处理高含盐废水试验研究

针对高含盐废水来源及水质特点,结合国内外含盐废水零排放研发热点问题及关键技术,应用VSEP振动膜技术开展高含盐废水减量化阶段的试验研究,从膜通量衰减、清洗恢复、温度影响、污染物去除率等角度对其实际处理效果开展试验和技术分析,为高含盐废水零排放处理技术思路、技术方案的确定提供数据支撑和经验借鉴。     

研究生论文摘要

大豆乳清废水的膜处理研究研究生 :罗　敏　导师 :王占生(清华大学环境科学与工程系　 10 0 0 84 )本文立足于利用膜分离技术实现大豆乳清废水的资源化处理 ,通过理论分析与小试得出以下结论 :(1)首次提出以超滤 纳滤膜为主体的组合工艺进行大豆乳清废水中具有生物活性的乳清蛋白和低聚糖的提取 ,以实现大豆乳清的废水资源化 ,并在小试水平上完成了大豆乳清废水中大豆乳清蛋白和大豆低聚糖的提取。(2 )首次对致密超滤膜的性能进行了系统的研究。对于致密超滤膜 ,其截留特性介于超滤膜和纳滤膜之间 ,水通量采用渗透压 -吸附模型描述 ,膜污染…     

含盐废水零排放处理技术探讨

针对含盐废水处理领域水质普遍特点,结合废水处理的程度要求开展了技术论述。探讨了业内处理含盐废水的主要技术思路、处理过程的难点及末端废物处置难点等热点问题,并对含盐废水零排放与分盐资源化处理关键因素进行了详细论述。     

染料废水处理技术综述

综述染料废水的常见处理方法,包括絮凝法、吸附法、电化学法、氧化法(化学氧化,光催化法,微波协同法)、生物法以及膜法等,分别介绍了各种处理方法的研究、应用及可能的发展。     

白腐真菌脱色降解染料废水的试验研究

探讨了白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色和降解。试验结果表明,白腐真菌不但对活性艳红X3B染料有较好的脱色作用,而且对难处理的成分复杂的实际染料废水也有较好的降解作用,能有效去除印染废水的COD和BOD5。但是降解过程中COD有波动现象,经过5d后出水的COD仍然较高。虽然白腐真菌未能彻底生化降解染料废水,但给后续的深度处理带来极大方便。     

改性膨润土处理染料废水的实验研究

对产自辽宁某地的钙基膨润土通过不同程度的改性处理,用于处理染料废水,比较了不同改性后的膨润土处理染料废水的效果。处理效果最佳的是柱撑酸化膨润土,其对染料废水COD的去除率可达80%以上,色度去除率可达95%以上。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度及难降解废水研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥以其在反应器中污泥沉降速度快、泥水分离简单、污泥浓度高,能够同时实现脱氮除磷等特点成为目前污(废)水处理领域的研究热点之一。对好氧颗粒污泥在高浓度有机废水及难降解废水(硝基苯废水、苯酚废水、氯酚废水、苯胺和氯苯胺废水、含盐废水、染料废水)处理中的研究现状进行综述,重点探讨了好氧颗粒污泥处理该类物质的影响因素、去除机制及其微生物特性等,指出其在难降解废水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

活性艳红K2BP染料废水和染料中间体DSD酸废水资源化工艺研究

本文研究了染料活性艳红Ｋ2ＢＰ生产废水和染料中间体ＤＳＤ酸氧化缩合工段废母液的萃取法处理工艺以及从两种废水中回收利用有机物的资源化途径和方案。在此基础上,完成了对活性艳红Ｋ2ＢＰ生产废水处理的工艺设计。对于染料活性艳红Ｋ2ＢＰ生产废水,进行了杯皿试验、静态间歇试验和动态连续试验。确定适宜的萃取工艺参数为:在常温下萃取,萃取剂为50%的Ｎ235的煤油溶液,萃取剂的酸化率为100%,萃取相比为1∶1(Ｏ/Ａ);反萃工艺参数为:在常温下反萃,反萃剂为20%的ＮａＯＨ溶液,反萃相比为4∶1(Ｏ/Ａ)。在以上萃取、反萃取条件下,废水ＣＯＤ值…     

煤化工浓盐水热膜耦合工业盐资源化利用研究

煤化工废水近零排放技术发展过程中,由反渗透膜系统产生含有高盐高有机物的浓盐水引发的环境问题。由于煤化工浓盐水不完善的处理技术制约煤化工行业发展,因此亟待研发高效可行的煤化工浓盐水处理技术。煤化工浓盐水TMC(Thermal-Membrane Coupling)热膜耦合工业盐分离技术中试以纳滤分离和蒸发结晶为核心,以膜前预处理及共结晶高级催化氧化深度去除有机物保障稳定运行。试验结果表明煤化工浓盐水TMC热膜耦合工业盐分离技术的纳滤能够有效分离多价离子,有机物和单价离子,纳滤产水氯化钠占总溶解性固体的85%以上。由蒸发结晶制备的氯化钠纯度达到工业干盐优级品标准。煤化工浓盐水TMC热膜耦合工业盐分离技术能够解决结晶杂盐难以处置的环境问题,使煤化工浓盐水处理实现近零排放。     

Technical and economical evaluation of water recycling in the carwash industry with membrane processes.

In the carwash industry, water recycling is necessary to be in accordance with present and upcoming environmental laws. As this is not possible with traditional techniques, membrane processes (like ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF)) are technically and economically evaluated in this study. Concerning the technical part, there needs to be a compromise between a high permeate permeability on the one hand and a high permeate purity on the other hand. Depending on the use of the purified wastewater, ultrafiltration (to recycle wastewater in the main wash cycle) or nanofiltration (to recycle wastewater in the rinsing step) would be the optimal choice. Concerning the financial part, the implementation of membrane processes in the wastewater purification installation is economically feasible, especially when expensive tap water is used as pure water. These positive evaluations imply that membrane processes can be useful to recycle wastewater in the carwash industry, on condition that the right membrane type (with the least membrane fouling) and the right process format (e.g., hybrid process of UF and/or NF with a biological treatment) is selected.     

The role of endocrine disrupters in water recycling: risk or mania?

The widespread occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as steroid hormones, in secondary wastewater effluents has become a major concern in the water recycling practice. This paper investigates the risk of steroid hormone breakthrough during nanofiltration membrane filtration in water recycling applications. The results indicate a dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and desorption of steroid hormone with regard to the membrane. This equilibrium can be pH dependent and there is a possibility for release of steroid hormones at high pH during membrane cleaning procedures or erratic pH variations. Increase in water recovery can severely increase the hormone breakthrough concentration. The results also indicate a possibility of accumulation of steroid hormones in the NF membrane, followed by subsequent release.     

Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds with membrane processes in wastewater treatment and reuse.

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms and are the subject of environmental and human health concerns. The effluents of wastewater treatment plants contribute to the emission of estrogenically active substances into the environment. Membrane technology, which is an advanced wastewater treatment option, is the subject of this research. The removal techniques under investigation are membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention of NP and BPA ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. Regarding the retention of BPA no dependency on the contact angle was observed. Results of the investigation of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant indicate a bisphenol A (BPA) removal of more than 98% with membrane bioreactors and reverse osmosis. The mass balance indicates that biological degradation is the most important removal process in the membrane bioreactor configuration.     

延缓膜生物反应器膜污染的技术措施探讨

膜生物反应器(MBR)是膜分离技术和污水生物处理技术有机结合产生的一种新型污水处理工艺,与传统污水处理工艺相比具有很多优点,但膜污染是限制膜生物反应器广泛应用的关键因素.介绍了膜污染的定义,系统论述了膜污染的研究进展,着重从改良膜的性质,改善污泥混合液的特性和优化膜分离操作条件3个方面介绍了国内外有效延缓膜污染的技术措施.     

天然有机物对纳滤膜污染的研究进展

介绍了纳滤膜的性质、纳滤膜技术的特点以及纳滤膜的分离机理,对天然有机物污染纳滤膜的影响因素,如pH值、离子浓度、操作条件和磁场等作了详细的阐述,并对纳滤技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

Combined membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) system for thin-film transistor-liquid crystal display TFT-LCD, industrial wastewater recycling.

In TFT-LCD industry, water plays a variety of roles as a cleaning agent and reaction solvent. As good quality water is increasingly a scarce resource and wastewater treatment costs rises, the once-through use of industrial water is becoming uneconomical and environmentally unacceptable. Instead, recycling of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater is become more attractive from both an economic and environmental perspective. This research is mainly to explore the capacity of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater recycling by the process combined with membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis processes. Over the whole experimental period, the MBR process achieved a satisfactory organic removal. The COD could be removed with an average of over 97.3%. For TOC and BOD5 items, the average removal efficiencies were 97.8 and 99.4% respectively. The stable effluent quality and satisfactory removal performance were ensured by the efficient interception performance of the UF membrane device incorporated with biological reactor. Moreover, the MBR effluent did not contain any suspended solids and the SDI value was under 3. After treatment of RO, excellent water quality of permeate were under 5 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l and 150 micros/cm for COD, TOC and conductivity respectively. The treated water can be recycled for the cooling tower make-up water or other purposes.     

水温对膜法水处理中离子截留率影响的试验研究

文中基于不同温度下地下成水的膜水处理试验，分析和揭示了原水温度与咸水离子截流率间的关系。结果表明：原水温度对各种离子的截留率有明显的影响；不同价位的离子对水温的反应不同。二价离子的截留率随温度的增加而提高，呈乘幂型曲线变化。一价离子的截留率变化的总趋势是随温度的增加而减小，呈二次曲线变化。研究结果可为膜水处理技术的应用提供依据。     

Comparing the effluent organic matter removal of direct NF and powdered activated carbon/NF as high quality pretreatment options for artificial groundwater recharge.

Direct nanofiltration and nanofiltration combined with powdered activated carbon known as the PAC/NF process were tested regarding the removal of effluent organic matter for reclamation of tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. They can be regarded as a promising treatment alternative for high quality water reuse applications, especially for direct injection. The total removal for DOC was above 90% with permeate concentrations below 0.5 mg/l. Size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence EEM proved to trace origin of the organic matter even in low concentration ranges. The type and dosage of adsorbent influences the process performance significantly and allows process optimization.     

膜分离技术处理淀粉污水试验研究

针对传统污水处理方法中蛋白质去除率较低而COD负荷增加问题,采用膜处理装置进行试验研究。在膜分离技术的基础上,以调节豆浆废水、淀粉废水等电位点作为预处理,采用中空纤维膜装置进行超过滤,并对温度影响作定性分析。结果表明,膜分离技术可以大大提高这两种废水中COD的去除率,分别为76.3%和82.9%;去除率与膜组件的孔径有密切关系;另外,适当的温度可以提高污水处理的效率,试验得出20℃时效率最佳;淀粉等废水处理后的蛋白质还可以作为肥料被充分利用。