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1.
In Part I of this article the very dynamic nature of floodplain management was discussed and the need for modelling the urban growth processes and formulating scenarios of urban development was emphasised. In this second part, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for addressing those problems is presented. GIS have been recognised as a powerful means to integrate and analyse data from various sources in the context of comprehensive floodplain management. Adequate information and prediction capability is vital to evaluate alternative scenarios for flood mitigation policies and to improve decision making processes associated with flood management. A framework for the comprehensive evaluation of flood hazard management policies is also addressed in this article. This comprehensive approach to flood problems is more than an attitude or a philosophical starting point. It makes use of specific technological tools conceived to be used by different actors, some of them being nonexperts in flood analysis. These tools, based on GIS, are very appropriate for a participatory approach to flood policy formulation and floodplain management because they help communicating with the public in a scientifically correct and yet rather simple manner.  相似文献   

2.
中国洪水管理战略框架和行动计划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
“中国洪水管理战略研究”项目,针对中国洪水管理现状,从中国国情出发,广泛吸收和借鉴国内外洪水管理的成功经验,对洪水管理战略与对策进行了研究,并在深入调研的基础上提出了中国洪水管理战略框架和行动计划设想,以满足全社会日益提高的水安全保障需求,推进由控制洪水向洪水管理的战略性转变,逐步实现以科学发展观和风险管理理论为指导的洪水综合管理。  相似文献   

3.
Floods are a common feature in rapidly urbanizing Dhaka and its adjoining areas. Though Greater Dhaka experiences flood almost in every year, flood management policies are mostly based on structural options including flood walls, dykes, embankments etc. Many shortcomings of the existing flood management systems are reported in numerous literatures. The objective of this paper is to assess flood hazard in Greater Dhaka for the historical flood event of 1998 using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data with GIS data. Flood-affected frequency and flood depth calculated from the multi-date SAR imageries were used as hydrologic parameters. Elevation heights, land cover classification, geomorphic division and drainage network data generated from optical remote sensing and analogue maps were used through GIS approach. Using a ranking matrix in three dimensional multiplication mode, flood hazard was assessed. All possible combination of flood hazard maps was prepared using land-cover, geomorphology and elevation heights for flood-affected frequency and floodwater depth. Using two hazard maps which produced the highest congruence for flood frequency and flood depth, a new flood hazard map was developed by considering the interactive effect of flood-affected frequency and floodwater depth, simultaneously. This new hazard map can provide more safety for flood countermeasures because pixels belonging to higher hazard degrees were increased due to the consideration of higher degrees of ranks. The estimation of flood hazard areas revealed that a major portion of Greater Dhaka comprised moderate to very high hazard zone. Only a little portion (8.04%) was found to be the least vulnerable to potential flood hazard. Conversely, 28.70% of Greater Dhaka was found within very high hazard zone. Based on this study, comprehensive flood hazard management strategies for land use planning decision were proposed for the efficient management of future flood disasters.  相似文献   

4.
'The public should be involved in the decision making process' is an oft heard statement, but the practice of public participation remains a worrisome issue for policy makers and planners. In this paper we describe local knowledge of flooding risk in the vicinity of the Scheldt Estuary derived through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with fourteen inhabitants. We compare and contrast this knowledge with that of scientists involved in the assessment of the flooding hazard posed by the tidal Scheldt and with that of Dutch and Flemish policy advisors. We identify areas of common knowledge, confirm the accuracy of much local knowledge and recognize the percipience of a number of the questions posed by local inhabitants. This exploratory study serves to confirm that background local knowledge can be a valuable tool in designing responsible policy processes for flood risk management.  相似文献   

5.
本文将属于企业管理和公共管理的危机管理概念引入到防洪管理工作之中,阐述了防洪危机管理的概念和防洪危机管理的性质,探讨了我国防洪危机管理的方法和措施。并结合防洪的日常管理提出了如何加强对危机的预防和管理。  相似文献   

6.
防洪减灾风险管理研究综述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
主要对水文风险、水力风险、经济风险、风险决策和洪水保险五个方面的风险管理方法在防洪减灾中的研究现状进行归纳和评述 .其中水文风险的研究重点分为线型选择、参数估计、风险率计算三部分 ;水力风险的研究主要集中在水库泄洪风险及河道或洪泛区的洪水演进研究 ;经济风险分析主要集中在防洪费用效益的风险分析 ;风险决策研究通常表现为防洪问题的可靠性规划和多目标风险分析两种形式 ;洪水保险的研究主要是利用模拟模型来推导一个最优洪水保险策略 .文末阐述了防洪减灾风险管理的发展趋势  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

This article examines the political economy factors that are likely to shape China’s attempts to reform its approach to managing floods, particularly by implementing integrated flood risk management (IFRM). IFRM emphasizes the use of structural and non-structural measures to reduce flood risk, rather than simply seeking to control flooding. For China, reducing flood risk is increasingly important in light of urbanization and climate change. However, a number of political economy issues, especially the division of power between central and local levels of government, create considerable challenges for flood management reform. This article examines China’s approach to implementing IFRM in light of existing political economy constraints and the institutional framework for flood management. It argues that effective flood management reform requires addressing common challenges, including interjurisdictional and intersectoral coordination and stakeholder participation.  相似文献   

8.
我国推进洪水风险图编制工作基本思路的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
程晓陶 《中国水利》2005,(17):11-13,37
编制洪水风险图是推进洪水风险管理的一项重要的基础工作,也是一项技术性、政策性很强的工作."十一五"期间我国将大力加强洪水风险图的编制工作,为此迫切需要理清思路,明确怎么做.在总结近几十年国内外风险图制作经验教训的基础上,提出今后我国的洪水风险图编制工作应坚持分三步走,加强前期基础研究,并明确洪水风险图的法律地位.  相似文献   

9.
Thomas Thaler 《国际水》2013,38(7):1018-1029
This article relates how catchment-wide partnership agreements have been used in approaching flood risk management in Austria. Upstream–downstream co-operations are clearly influenced by a number of factors, where the combination of these interdependences can create specific conditions that alter the opportunity for effective governance arrangements in a local scheme approach. We present the motivations and drivers of the creation of inter-local co-operations in flood risk management, focusing especially on the main barriers and challenges. Although a partnership approach may be seen as an ‘optimal’ solution for flood risk management, in practice there are many limitations and barriers to establishing these collaborations.  相似文献   

10.
Xiaotao Cheng 《国际水》2013,38(1):108-113
Abstract

Flooding was recognized as the severest natural hazard in ancient China. Chinese people have accumulated abundant experiences in fighting against flood disasters for millennia. In the past half century, flood control capacity has improved due to the large-scale construction of a flood control engineering system, which plays an important role in ensuring the rapid socio-economic development. However, because of climatic fluctuation and human activities, significant changes to the flood control situation are taking place in China. In the new century, the flood control system has to face a series of challenges, and the flood management strategies must be adjusted accordingly.  相似文献   

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