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坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝漫顶溃决过程的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了研究坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝漫顶溃决过程的影响,建立了描述均质土坝溃坝溃口发展规律的溃坝数值模型,对实体溃坝案例进行了反馈分析,验证了模型的合理性,并利用该模型重点研究了坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝溃口发展规律和洪水流量过程的影响。结果表明:坝体土料的黏粒质量分数对均质土坝的溃口发展规律、最终溃口形状以及溃口洪水流量过程具有明显影响,土体黏粒质量分数越高,其临界起动流速越大,冲蚀率越小,均质土坝溃口的发展速率越慢,溃口边坡的失稳坍塌临界深度越大,从而导致最终溃口形状也越小,相应地溃口洪峰流量及最大下泄水量也越小,溃口洪峰流量出现的时间越迟。 相似文献
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我国已溃决土石坝中由于漫顶破坏而造成的比例高达50%以上,因此,开展土石坝漫顶溃决机理和溃口发展过程研究,正确预测溃口流量过程线及溃坝致灾后果很有必要.本文首先根据现场溃坝调查资料和大型溃坝试验结果,研究分析了土石坝的溃决机理和溃决过程,在此基础上提出了一个描述土石坝漫顶破坏溃口发展过程的数值模型.该模型采用高速水流泥沙输移公式来计算溃坝水流对溃口纵横向的连续冲蚀;采用溃口边坡稳定性分析来模拟边坡失稳坍塌所引起的间歇性横向扩展;通过楔块体力的平衡计算来模拟坝体突发性崩塌所引起的溃口增大现象;通过下游坝体冲槽和坝顶溃口流量平衡来建立两者发展过程的相互影响.最后利用该模型计算分析了板桥水库土石坝发生漫顶溃决的溃口发展过程及溃口流量过程线,模拟结果与实测资料基本一致,从而证实了该模型的合理性. 相似文献
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基于黏土心墙砂石坝的溃决过程,以及溃坝洪水传播和运动的特性,建立黑河金盆水库大坝溃口近区二维数值模型和下游地区溃坝洪水演进耦合数学模型。使用DAMBRK法计算逐渐溃坝,并应用其结果进行后续模拟。采用Abbott-Ionescu六点隐式有限差分格式求解一维模型,采用单元中心的有限体积法求解二维模型方程。采用侧向连接方式,将黑河两岸计算水位点与二维网格单元相连,实现一、二维模型的耦合。采用所建立的二维模型对溃口近区进行计算与模拟,得到计算区域某一时刻的水深及流速分布。应用所建耦合模型对黑河金盆水库万年一遇入库洪水漫顶致溃坝洪水进行数值模拟,得到一维河道内各断面的水位和流量变化过程,以及二维计算区域内不同时刻的水深分布图、流速矢量图和淹没范围变化过程。溃口的形成过程不仅包括漫顶水流的直接作用,同时包括溃口形成过程中两侧漩涡状水流的反冲刷作用。耦合模型可以同时兼顾河道内的水流变化以及河道外计算区域内的洪水演进过程,从而减少由于计算结果偏大或偏小所带来的防洪资源浪费和防洪措施不利等不良影响。 相似文献
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针对溃坝过程中水流与溃口变化快、相互作用强烈耦合的特点,采用无网格基于Lagrange描述的光滑粒子动力学(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-SPH)方法,引入土体的弹塑性本构关系,构建了土体变形破坏的三维力学模型、水土耦合界面作用模型和一种新的水土耦合冲刷模式,建立了能够较为完整地描述土石坝漫顶溃决过程的水土耦合数值模型。算例模拟表明,该模型能够合理地描述水流对土体的冲刷发展过程。 相似文献
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国内外大量模型试验表明,"陡坎"式冲蚀是均质土坝漫顶溃决的重要机理。近年来,各国学者开发了一系列的考虑"陡坎"式冲蚀的溃坝过程数学模型,但模型均采用了"陡坎"出现在下游坡脚的假设。通过大比尺均质土坝漫顶溃决模型试验发现,对于坝高较大的均质土坝,"陡坎"出现的位置与漫顶水头和下游坝坡坡比存在内在联系,且"陡坎"的移动速率与坝料的物理力学指标相关,因此初始冲坑的位置和"陡坎"移动参数的选取对于溃坝过程模拟结果的合理性具有重要意义。本文借鉴国内外的漫顶溃坝过程数学模型,提出一个可考虑均质土坝漫顶溃决过程中"陡坎"移动的数学模型。该模型通过漫顶水流特征和坝体形状参数确定下游坡初始冲坑的位置,采用能量分析方法模拟"陡坎"移动,并通过室内与现场模型试验提出可考虑坝料黏粒含量、含水率、干密度等指标的"陡坎"移动参数;利用基于水流剪应力原理的冲蚀速率公式模拟溃口纵向下切与横向扩展;采用宽顶堰流量公式计算溃口流量,通过极限平衡法分析溃坝过程中溃口边坡的稳定性,采用迭代的数值计算方法模拟整个溃坝过程。选择国内外典型的大比尺均质土坝漫顶溃坝试验和有实测资料的溃坝案例对模型进行验证,并研究了是否考虑"陡坎"冲蚀对溃坝模拟结果的影响;通过模型计算分析可以得出,本文提出的数学模型可合理模拟均质土坝的漫顶溃坝过程。 相似文献
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针对水动力条件变化复杂、水土耦合作用强烈的土石坝溃决过程,结合水库调洪演算、清水冲刷以及溃口冲刷侵蚀机理,在Breach模型基础上建立了土石坝漫顶溃口流量过程计算物理模型。结果表明:模型对JP水库大坝溃决过程的模拟,很好地再现了溃决洪水流量过程线、溃口展宽和下切过程,验证了模型的合理性和应用潜力。 相似文献
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This paper, Part I in a series of two, develops a mathematical model for earthern dam breach erosion. This model constitutes an extension of the Breach Erosion of Earthfill Dams (BEED) model developed by Singh and Scarlatos (1987). Two aspects are emphasized: the evolution of the dam breach, and the subsequent flood and sediment routing. Simulation of dam breach evolution is based on hydrologic, geometric and geotechnic considerations. Einstein-Brown and Bagnold equations are utilized to compute the rate of erosion in the breached section. A water routing scheme, based on a modified version of the Muskingum method to simulate flow exchange between channel and floodplains, is used to route the resulting breach hydrograph. A sediment routing scheme based on the Muskingum method, modified to simulate deposition in floodplains, and deposition and scouring in the channel, is utilized to route the breach sediment graph. In Part II, the model is tested against historical dam failures, and an analysis is made to determine its sensitivity to various parameters. 相似文献
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溃坝洪水研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
溃坝洪水研究的目的是计算溃决坝址的流量、水位过程线,并向下游作洪水演进得到沿程的流量、流速、水位、波前与洪峰的到达时间,评估下游洪水淹没损失情况,以便于采取措施,降低洪水风险。从溃坝水流理论研究、溃坝问题的试验研究、溃坝模拟及洪水在下游演进这3个方面对溃坝洪水研究进行了综述,回顾和总结了国内外溃坝洪水研究的发展历程、已取得的成果和近些年的进展,提出了将来要研究的重点,并对研究前景进行了展望。目前溃坝理论的数值求解发展迅速,由试验提出了溃坝机理,研究不断模型化;但高强输沙理论未建立,溃口冲刷过程未能准确表达,对梯级溃坝和冰湖溃决洪水研究较少。今后应加强溃坝水流理论研究,开展大尺度、多库溃坝模型试验研究,积极做好梯级溃坝和冰湖溃决洪水模拟,进一步建立快捷可靠的区域溃坝洪水预报系统。 相似文献
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考虑洪水漫顶条件下的溃决模式,拟定汛限水位、校核洪水位与校核洪水流量、多年平均入库流量的极端组合方式,采用DB-IWHR模型计算堆石坝溃坝洪水过程;利用MIKE 21模拟洪水演进过程,取支流历史最大洪水过程并使其与干支流洪峰遭遇,评估洪水对下游的淹没风险。以涔天河大坝为例,根据库容、堆石材料参数等确定不同入库洪水组合方式及坝体侵蚀特性,结果表明:构建的溃坝及洪水演进模型能较好模拟溃坝过程及溃坝洪水对下游的淹没风险特征。最后提出库坝安全运行建议,并制定避洪转移预案。 相似文献
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The delineation of the areas exposed to flood hazard caused by a dam existence upstream and its possible failure needs a thorough analysis of the hypothetical dam break incident. The study presented in this paper focusses on the simulation of the dam breach formation and the calculation of the resulting outflow hydrograph using a semi- analytical approach. More specifically the method presented addresses the dam break incident of an embankment dam caused by overtopping. The analysis is based on the assumptions of constant vertical erosion rate for the formation of the breach and the parabolic shape of the breach. Two solutions are presented dependent on whether the capacity of the reservoir is considered prismatic or it is a power function of the water depth in the reservoir. Finally the proposed method is illustrated through the analysis of a hypothetical dam break incident. 相似文献
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《水科学与水工程》2019,(3)
Based on model tests of earthen dam breach due to piping failure,a numerical model was developed.A key difference from previous research is the assumption that the cross-section of the pipe channel is an arch,with a rectangle at the bottom and a semicircle at the top before the collapse of the pipe roof,rather than a rectangular or circular cross-section.A shear stress-based erosion rate formula was utilized,and the arched pipe tunnel was assumed to enlarge along its length and width until the overlying soil could no longer maintain stability.Orifice flow and open channel flow were adopted to calculate the breach flow discharge for pressure and free surface flows,respectively.The collapse of the pipe roof was determined by comparing the weight of the overlying soil and the cohesion of the soil on the two sidewalls of the pipe.After the collapse,overtopping failure dominated,and the limit equilibrium method was adopted to estimate the stability of the breach slope when the water flow overtopped.In addition,incomplete and base erosion,as well as one-and two-sided breaches were taken into account.The USDAARS-HERU model test P1,with detailed measured data,was used as a case study,and two artificially filled earthen dam failure cases were studied to verify the model.Feedback analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can provide satisfactory results for modeling the breach flow discharge and breach development process.Sensitivity analysis shows that the soil erodibility and initial piping position significantly affect the prediction of the breach flow discharge.Furthermore,a comparison with a well-known numerical model shows that the proposed model performs better than the NWS BREACH model. 相似文献
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青山水库溃坝洪水模拟计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用二维浅水模型对青山水库溃坝洪水进行了模拟计算,根据主坝可能出现的溃坝风险,模拟了主坝溃决后保护区内洪水的演进过程,模型的计算结果提供的淹没水深、淹没范围以及流速等洪水风险信息,为青山水库防洪风险管理提供了依据。 相似文献