设置保水堰管涵输水系统的水力瞬变数值仿真

为研究大型调水工程的水力瞬变过程，采用明渠非恒定流方程及Preissiman方法模拟无压管涵非恒定流、有压管涵水击和明满交替流，提出了设置保水堰的长距离管涵输水系统的水力学仿真模型。所建立的数值模型可模拟包括管涵明满交替和保水堰跌水等复杂的水流现象。数值仿真结果表明，在检修闸门和下游管涵之间设置保水堰，可以调节输水管道内的压力，避免紧急启闭时发生液柱分离以及检修闸门突然关闭时因明满流交替而产生强烈的冲击水压。     

弧形闸门开启过程非恒定流流量系数研究

为探究非恒定流流量系数特点,采用RNG k-ε紊流模型结合动网格技术对某工程Y形宽尾墩表孔弧形闸门开启过程进行了三维动态数值模拟研究,根据过闸流量滞后的特点,将闸后水流分为滞后式、过渡式和平稳式3种流态。分析了闸门开启过程中水流流态及非恒定流流量系数与闸门开启速度和溢流堰顶水头的关系,指出非恒定流流量系数随闸门开启速度的加快及堰顶水头的降低而减小,并给出不同开启速度和堰顶水头情况下适于过渡式及平稳式水流的流量系数经验公式。部分结果与试验结果进行对比,吻合良好,验证了数值方法的可靠性。     

保水堰交替水流数值模拟研究

采用动态淹没系数的方法,将巴甫洛夫斯基数据和相关实测实验数据进行曲线拟和,并通过不同流量、堰型的组合实验结果验证了此曲线的通用性和合理性,将此曲线方程应用于保水堰非恒定流计算的边界方程中。对比两种边界的计算结果证实了淹没系数对保水堰过渡流态的显著影响,也证明了采用动态淹没系数的合理性和实用性,为保水堰过渡流态的模拟提供了一种可借鉴的方法。     

W型迷宫堰过流能力试验研究

受制于现有迷宫堰流量计算公式的适用条件,针对山区峡谷形水库,采用模型试验,研究不同单宫角度的W型迷宫堰过流能力,并和相同布置形式的WES实用堰进行对比分析,得出W型迷宫堰的过流能力和过堰水流流态密切相关:迷宫堰过流能力增大仅限于水流流态从薄壁堰流过渡到实用堰流的小流量范围,当流量进一步增大时,水流流态过度到完全的实用堰流,但受过堰水流压力变化影响,其过流能力低于WES实用堰。试验研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

基于可变模糊集的南方农业水利工程实时堰过流能力分析

为提高实时堰过流量分析的准确性,设计一种基于可变模糊集的实时堰过流能力分析方法.将水气两相流假定为等温流动,过槽水流假定为恒定非均匀、不可压缩流,实施实时堰数值模拟,观察实时堰附近的水流要素.在数值模拟中,具体步骤为模拟条件设定、计算域的网格划分、模型选择以及模型构建.基于可变模糊集构建实时堰径流量模糊聚类分析循环迭代...     

具有堰的环状河网中追赶系数的新求贩

以圣维南方程组为基础,建立了具有堰的环状河网非恒定流数学模型.采用Preissman四点隐格式法对圣维南方程组进行离散,并考虑了堰的影响,利用河网的三级解法编制河网非恒定流的计算程序求解各断面的水位Z和流量Q.对于堰出流的模拟,根据堰的上下游条件,给出了环状河网中有内部边界堰存在时追赶系数的一种新的推求方法,提出了适用于环状河网中自由出流和淹没出流的算法.实例研究表明,该模型是可靠的,可以用于河网水流治理工程的数值模拟研究,并且提供了一种处理明渠分流的工具,对实际工程有一定的指导意义.     

具有堰的环状河网中追赶系数的新求法

以圣维南方程组为基础,建立了具有堰的环状河网非恒定流数学模型。采用Preissman四点隐格式法对圣维南方程组进行离散,并考虑了堰的影响,利用河网的三级解法编制河网非恒定流的计算程序求解各断面的水位Z和流量Q。对于堰出流的模拟,根据堰的上下游条件,给出了环状河网中有内部边界堰存在时追赶系数的一种新的推求方法,提出了适用于环状河网中自由出流和淹没出流的算法。实例研究表明,该模型是可靠的,可以用于河网水流治理工程的数值模拟研究,并且提供了一种处理明渠分流的工具,对实际工程有一定的指导意义。     

基于有限差分法的跌坎冲刷一维数值模拟

跌坎冲刷是一种特殊的河床冲淤现象,涉及跨临界流以及剧烈的河床变形过程,数值模拟时由于Preissmann格式仅适用于模拟无间断点的连续水流,无法模拟跨临界流即有间断点存在的情形,因此常出现因急、缓流交替引起的数值振荡问题。基于此,依据河道各断面弗劳德数Fr的大小识别间断点所在位置,将河道划分为不同流段,确保各流段为相同流态的连续水流,对缓流、急流、水跃、水跌4种情况提出合适的边界条件分别进行离散求解,建立基Preissmann格式的跨临界流跌坎冲刷一维非恒定推移质输移数学模型。并利用水槽试验资料对数学模型进行验证,结果表明模型预测值与实测值吻合较好,说明所建立的跌坎冲刷模型预测的可靠性和适用性。     

琴键堰过流水力特性数值模拟

琴键堰是一种新型的迷宫堰结构形式,其特点是相同堰宽、水头条件下泄流能力提升显著,采用RNG k-ε型湍流数学模型,VOF法处理自由水面,建立三维数学模型。通过对不同工况琴键堰体型的模拟计算,获得三维流场水流流态、流速等信息。结果表明:(1)采用Fluent软件对琴键堰进行数值模拟的适用性强,并验证了琴键堰的泄流效果显著;(2)琴键堰的三维流场流态复杂,具有三元水流的性质,堰上水头的变化影响琴键堰的泄流能力;(3)上、下游处水流呈明渠流状态,速度最小,为0.2m/s,流经堰体时形成水舌,流速增大,水舌与堰壁间空腔处有通气孔掺气,形成漩涡区,气体流速2m/s,水舌入水后有水气混掺。利用数值模拟技术,使获得的流场信息更加详尽,为进一步研究琴键堰流场特性奠定基础。     

旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞三维流场数值模拟

旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞是一种新型的环境友好的内消能工, 跟传统环形堰竖井泄洪洞相比, 泄洪洞的流态和 消能防蚀机理明显不同。作为一种新型布置形式, 其复杂的水流特性并不是十分清楚。依托于广东清远抽水蓄能 电站下水库泄洪洞工程, 基于RNG k2E双方程湍流数学模型, 并结合VOF( Volume Of Fluid) 方法, 对下库旋流环形 堰竖井泄洪洞进水口、竖井旋流泄洪洞、出口的复杂水流进行了三维数值模拟, 并对部分水力参数的特性进行了解 析计算, 获得了流态、压力、流速、空化数等水力要素的变化规律。模拟结果表明, 数值计算结果与物理模型试验成 果吻合较好。并通过数值模拟验证了该新型内消能工的泄流能力和高消能效率。     

袁河新泉乡段梯级溢流堰水动力模拟及侵蚀分析

为了分析梯级溢流堰对袁河新泉乡段河道行洪及河床抗冲的影响,优化河道治理工程中溢流堰布置,建立了将拦河溢流堰作为闭边界条件的二维水动力数值模型,采用非结构化网格的有限体积法,对比分析了十年一遇洪水情况下梯级溢流堰建设前后河道水动力、河道水位、流场沿程变化特征,讨论了溢流堰布置对河道防洪及冲刷的影响。结果表明,在十年一遇洪水情况下溢流堰会抬升河道水位,平均增加0.49 m,满足河道行洪要求;梯级溢流堰使河道整体形成人工“阶梯深潭”体系,河道流速在空间上发生明显的异质性,堰上流速下降幅度较堰下流速大;水流发生急流与缓流之间交替,水流紊动强烈,加剧了水流能量损失,有效降低流速,减轻了河道冲刷,有利于稳定河岸结构。     

Appropriate CFD Models for Simulating Flow around Spur Dike Group along Urban Riverways

The flow field around spur dike group is complex, noticeable, and widely encountered in the improving progress of urban riverways and coastlines. Detailed investigation on such flow phenomenon is necessary and of applied significance. In contrast to experimental study and field survey, the numerical simulation can provide much more details with relative low cost. Aiming to identify the appropriate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for simulating flow around spur dike group, the flow fields around non-submerged and submerged spur dike groups, including eight spur dikes in staggered arrangement, were numerically investigated in this paper with selected CFD models and validated based on corresponding flume test, i.e., two sets of laboratory experiments and observed data collected. The numerical simulations were carried out using Finite Volume Method (FVM) and three turbulence models, i.e., standard k-ε model, Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. In each model, the free surface boundary was implemented respectively via two approaches, i.e., rigid-lid assumption (RLA) and volume of fluid (VOF) method. The comparisons between the CFD outputs and the observed data from flume experiments show that all three turbulence models are capable to simulate the three-dimensional flow around spur dike group to certain degree. It is noticed that, with comprehensive understanding of simulation accuracy and computational time, aiming to rapidly capture the field characteristics of main flow for non-submerged spur dike group, the standard k-ε model under RLA method is recommended, while to achieve the fine simulation of spur dike field especially in backflow zone, LES model under VOF method is appropriate. For submerged spur dike group, comparing to simulation accuracy, simulation cost is not a major factor concerned and LES model based on VOF method is the most suitable one due to the overflow effect of spur dike crest and the backwater effect of spur dike body.     

Flow over embankment gabion weirs in free flow conditions

In this study, a series of laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effects of side ramp slope, crest length, and porous media properties on the flow regimes, water-surface profiles, discharge coefficients, and energy dissipation in embankment gabion weirs with upstream and downstream slopes. 24 physical models of solid and gabion weirs with three different upstream/downstream slopes (90°, 45° and 26.5°) were created. To investigate the complexity of flow over the porous-fluid interface and through the porous material, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were developed. In numerical simulation, the standard k-ε turbulence model was utilized. A structured mesh domain was used to simulate the physical model. Water surface profiles above the porous weirs were used for comparison between the numerical simulations and measured data. These comparisons helped determine variables in the numerical simulations. Numerical simulation enables visualization of streamlines around and through the gabion weirs. In addition, mean stream wise velocity profiles above and within the porous structures were obtained. Numerical simulations showed that a reduction in the slope of the upstream face leads to an increased curvature of streamlines and the velocity distribution exhibits a non-uniform wavy shape due to the geometrical properties of the weirs. As the velocity profiles move downstream, the velocity distribution within the porous structures were more affected by the presence of the pores. The experimental results show that decreasing upstream slopes, from 90° to 26.5°, leads to decreased discharge coefficients. However, in all cases, gabion weirs lead to greater discharge coefficients than those of similar solid weirs. For milder side slopes, discharge ratios (flow passing through all faces of the gabion weirs over the inlet discharge) decreased nonlinearly. Moreover, with increasing the inlet discharge, relative energy dissipation was reduced up to 45% in gabion weirs.     

琴键堰增设护墙对泄流能力影响的模型试验研究

为探究在堰顶增设护墙以及护墙高度对琴键堰泄流能力的影响,通过模型试验对比分析了8种不同高度护墙琴键堰的泄流能力,并通过数值模拟对5种不同高度护墙琴键堰各溢流前缘的泄流量、水面形态以及流速分布等特征进行了分析。结果表明:相较于基础体型,增设护墙提高了进口和出口宫室的泄流效率和泄流量占比,提高了侧堰泄流量,减少了侧堰溢流碰撞,提高了水流下泄流速,从而提升了琴键堰的泄流能力;增设护墙高度为堰高的13%时,泄流能力提升最大,当相对水头 H/P<0.20、0.20相似文献   

Numerical simulation of overbank flood discharges

A full computer based investigation of the factors influencing the modelling of overbank flood discharges has been carried out. Several floods of differing magnitudes and peak curvatures were routed down regular channels using an implicit finite difference scheme and the influence of time and distance steps used for the numerical solution of the flow equations were investigated. Spillage over sharp crested weirs was assumed to satisfactorily simulate the overbank flood discharge; the importance of a correct estimation of the coefficient of discharge was also checked. It was shown that sensibly chosen values of the time step had little effect on the simulations. This was also true for the value of the coefficient of discharge when the sideweir flow was predominately drowned, but not for free flow conditions. It was also shown that close spacing of computational nodes was required at the onset of overbank flow to accurately simulate the overflow and also model the occurrence of large water level gradients.     

常州市运北主城区畅流活水方案设计与现场验证

为改善常州市运北主城区水环境,采用数学模型计算和现场试验验证相结合的方法,开展畅流活水水环境提升方案研究。依据常州市区域地形和水系情况,确定主城区引水水源、引排格局和引水水量,结合现状工程条件,提出“利用长江优质水源、打造两条清水通道、新建四座活动溢流堰、形成三级水位差”的畅流活水方案。基于Infoworks ICM构建常州市主城区水动力数学模型,模拟澡港河入口水位3.80~4.00 m多种方案下,运北主城区内部河道流量分配情况,确定最佳入城水位,并结合现场试验验证了活水效果。结果表明,常州市运北主城区畅流活水方案实施后大部分河道流量显著增加,流速达7 cm/s以上,多项水质指标达到Ⅲ类及以上水平。研究成果可为其他平原河网地区水环境提升提供借鉴。     

宽顶堰平板闸门闸孔出流水力计算的实验研究

在水闸运行中经常会遇到各种实际问题,如准确计算下泄流量、流态判别、确定已知泄流量下的上下游水位等。为使平板闸门过闸流量计算准确又方便,根据平板闸门下宽顶堰模型实测数据,对闸孔出流的不同流态进行分析,提出了闸孔淹没出流的简易判别方法并用数学回归分析得到精度较高的自由出流、淹没出流流量计算公式,可供工程水力计算参考。更多还原     

循环水泵流道的三维数值模拟与优化设计

通过建立基于RNG湍流模型的三维数值模型,对某循环水泵房前池和流道进行了数值模拟,重点对稳态及瞬态的水力特性进行了分析研究。结果表明:正常运行水位下,各工况的水泵喉部流速偏差均小于10%,能保证水泵安全稳定地运行。但在最低运行水位下,吸水池内涡量较大,为此提出了设置消涡胸墙的优化方案。两台水泵同时事故停泵时,会造成循环水泵房的暂时性溢流,可将泵房内人孔移至泵房外且运行水位降低0.30 m;两台水泵同时启动时,前池水位降低最大,但最小淹没深度仍能满足水泵的安全运行要求。     

下卧式闸门消能防冲水力学问题研究

苏州河河口水闸采用水下卧倒门,运行时门顶溢流。闸门门顶溢流是典型的湍流流动问题,局部流速大,且流态复杂,对河床的冲刷能力大。采用解析计算、数值模拟与物理模型试验相对照的方法。对苏州河河口水闸的消能防冲水动力学问题进行专题研究,揭示不同工况下水闸运行对上下游河床的冲刷及工程区的局部流动规律,研究最大流速及其出现位置,确定消能防冲的保护范围,进而为水闸工程设计及工程方案优化提供科学依据。