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针对Y型明渠交汇口的水流特性,应用水深平均-雷诺应力模型,采用交错网格有限体积法离散控制方程以及SIMPLE算法,求解交汇水流的水深-速度场.数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果吻合较好,并据此分析了交汇口附近汇流区的雷诺正应力和剪切应力分布. 相似文献
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针对Y型明渠交汇口的水流特性,应用三维各向异性的雷诺应力模型,采用交错网格上的有限体积法离散控制方程,用SIMPLE算法求解压力-速度场。数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果吻合较好,并据此重点探讨了不同交汇角条件下交汇口分离区尺寸的变化规律,提出Y型交汇水流分离区的定义和分离区尺寸与汇流比的函数关系。 相似文献
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明渠交汇口三维水力特性试验研究 总被引:26,自引:5,他引:21
支流汇入主流后,在交汇口下游附近形成复杂的流动现象,对于确定渠道有效过流断面、泥沙及含有物质输移及淤积、渠底及边壁冲刷等产生重要影响。本文目的在于采用试验手段探索干支渠交汇口的三维流动结构。在一个矩形断面且等宽、45°交汇的半封闭自循环水槽中,应用五孔毕托球对明渠交汇口三维流动特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,对于给定交汇口形状及尺寸,分离区形状基本保持不变,尺寸随主支渠流量比变化并具有较好的相关关系;在和主渠轴线正交的横断面上交汇水流存在横向分速,水面附近横向分速指向交汇口对侧固壁,临底附近横向分速指向交汇口一侧。对于流量比较大的汇流流动,断面环流是交汇口水流三维流动的一个重要特征。 相似文献
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矩形明渠三维紊流的数值模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在明渠三维流动中,紊流产生的二次流起关键作用,它对主流流场分布,壁面应力及污染物的扩散有很大影响,有时还影响床面的稳定,K-ε紊流模型及类似的双方程模型不能计算这种二次流动。本文将非线性K-ε紊流模型用于明渠三维紊流的计算,模型用张量形式推出,比代数应力模型更易推广到复杂边界流动,应用这一模型及另两种代数应力模型对矩形明渠流动进行计算,所得结果,尤其是表述紊流特征的量,与实测资料进行了详细比较,并 相似文献
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明渠水流的交汇现象在涉水工程中十分常见,其中交汇口流速的分布特性复杂,对渠道的设计与维护有着直接的影响。针对明渠交汇流的流速分布特性,基于雷诺方程模型(RSM)与体积函数法(VOF)建立等宽明渠交汇流三维数值模型,结合物理试验数据进行模型验证,对不同交汇角与流量比组合工况进行模拟研究,对交汇口水流流速的分布特性进行分析。计算结果表明,交汇口流速存在分区特征,交汇口内流线弯曲流速偏转,下游会出现回流结构与断面环流现象。当交汇角增大时,水流的偏转幅度更大,回流结构与环流现象增强,分区特征更明显,渠道边壁受到的水体冲击更大;当流量比增大时,主渠水体受到的挤压效应减弱,流速分区特征受到抑制,水流交汇更平顺,边壁受到的冲刷更少。 相似文献
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本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理,得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画,通过对这些直观的动画进行分析,发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象,对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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低含沙水流运动特性综述 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文着重综述了清水水流、挟沙水流的流速分布动特性、能量间分配关系等流动现象的内部规律,并系统分析比较了它们的异同,文中还兼论了卡门常数。 相似文献
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The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文介绍了混合流的概念,结合某一中型水库的试验,观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。 相似文献
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主要从坡面流流态对坡面流阻力的影响、坡面流阻力与雷诺数的关系、降雨对坡面流阻力的影响、坡面流阻力公式4个方面对前人关于坡面流阻力的研究成果进行了总结。结果表明:坡面流流态的不确定性导致了坡面流阻力变化更为复杂;坡面流阻力与雷诺数之间并无良好单一的相关关系;降雨对坡面流阻力有很大的影响作用但具体影响机理并未有明确的结论;坡面流阻力公式表征仍用明渠水流概念及表达方式,并且3个阻力系数n、f、C哪个更适合表征坡面流阻力尚无统一的结论。进而对目前存在的问题进行了分析,对今后的发展进行了展望,认为需在研究方法和实验设备及量测技术方面有所突破,才可以更好的对坡面流阻力进行全面系统的研究。 相似文献
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Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada) 下载免费PDF全文
The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q50 flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q90 flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q50 method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献