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1.
水体悬浮泥沙粒度是重要的水质参数之一,影响着水体的遥感反射率。研究两者之间的关系对于内陆湖泊水环境遥感监测具有重要意义。基于鄱阳湖实测数据,采用相关分析方法,用不同数学模型进行鄱阳湖悬浮泥沙粒度反演研究。研究结果表明:(1)浑浊区适合采用体积百分比众数粒径建立反演模型,清水区适合采用数量百分比中值粒径建立反演模型;(2)浑浊区悬沙粒度的敏感单波段是环境卫星Ⅳ波段,在清水区悬沙粒度的敏感单波段有环境卫星Ⅱ和Ⅲ波段,而环境卫星Ⅱ,Ⅲ波段比组合是整个研究区水域的敏感波段;(3)单波段反演模型中,幂函数适用于鄱阳湖粒度遥感反演;波段比反演模型中,多项式模型适于鄱阳湖粒度遥感反演。  相似文献   

2.
水体悬浮泥沙含量遥感的模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文利用地面模拟研究对水体悬浮泥沙含量遥感中的一些关健问题进行了深入的探讨.在0.38~1.10微米波段内测定了含有悬浮泥沙水体的反射光谱特性,确定了反射光谱特性与泥沙含量之间的关系.利用曲线拟合法,求得了光谱反射比、波段的平均反射比与水体悬浮泥沙含量之间的最佳拟合函数(即最佳回归方程).结果表明,波段不同则最佳回归方程的函数形式亦不同.回归分析的结果指出,水体悬浮泥沙含量的最佳遥感波段是ERTS和LANDSAT-D的5波段,最佳遥感波长是0.60微米.此外,还研究了拟合优度不同的回归方程对最佳遥感波段选择和泥沙含量遥感探测准确度的影响.计算证明,拟合优度非最佳的回归方程不但会导致最佳波段的错误选择,而且亦将造成水体泥沙含量的遥感探测准确度的严重下降.本文的模拟研究不仅为水体悬浮泥沙含量的航空和卫星遥感提供了有价值的理论依据,而且在模拟实验的基础上提出了一种利用光谱辐射计对地表水体悬浮泥沙含量进行地面遥测的新设想.  相似文献   

3.
黄东海悬浮泥沙输运结构及其形成机制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选取典型的水色遥感反演得到的悬浮泥沙浓度资料,并配合同期海表面温度遥感资料,对特定年份黄东海冬季悬浮泥沙的平面分布及其动力成因进行了分析,得出了黄东海冬季悬浮泥沙的平面分布主要是由本海域的环流结构所决定的结论;同时利用悬浮泥沙浓度和海表面温度的相关性得出了东中国海冬季清晰的环流结构,并给出了各主要环流分量的悬浮泥沙浓度特征值和温度特征值.利用1998-2002年表层悬浮泥沙浓度的月平均资料,结合卫星风场资料,研究了南黄海和东海北部悬浮泥沙浓度与局地风速在季节尺度上的相关关系.得出在季节变化尺度上,悬浮泥沙浓度与风速的关系密切并存在一定的时间滞后,约1-2个月;悬浮泥沙浓度季节内变化与风速的关系不明显.  相似文献   

4.
基于黄河口附近海域水体悬浮泥沙浓度及光谱信息同步测量数据,设计了使用MODIS Band1波段反射率进行悬浮泥沙浓度定量反演的模型.以MODIS产品MOD09GQ陆地反射率数据为数据源,进行了黄河三角洲附近海域悬浮泥沙浓度反演,获得了2009年夏季黄河入海口悬浮泥沙浓度分布图,结果表明:悬浮泥沙浓度分布的基本趋势是由岸向海逐渐降低,但在黄河入海口南北两侧浓度梯度表现出较大差异;浓度大于300 mg/L的悬浮泥沙主要分布在清水沟流路以南的莱州湾西岸,而黄河清8汊以北区域仅在特定潮流及天气情况下在河口以外区域有较宽分布;浓度为10 ~ 300mg/L的中、低浓度悬浮泥沙主要分布在入海口南侧莱州湾中部海域、高浓度悬浮泥沙分布区以外;浓度小于10 mg/L的极低浓度悬浮泥沙主要分布在上述区域之外远离岸线的地区.  相似文献   

5.
长江口深水航道海域悬浮泥沙光谱特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 长江口深水航道治理和维护的核心问题为泥沙问题。对长江口深水航道 7 个浮标所在海域进行了不同浓度含沙水体的反射光谱测量,并且结合“长江口深水航道水文、泥沙、波浪自动遥测系统”遥测数据和野外现场取样数据,对其光谱特性进行了分析,发现这些海域悬浮泥沙的敏感波段在 730 ~ 930 nm 之间,并且 731 nm 附近的一阶微分与悬浮泥沙浓度相关性较好。在对其光谱特性进行分析的基础上,分别建立了悬浮泥沙光谱反射率、光谱反射率均值和反射率一阶微分的指数反演模型和二次反演模型,结果显示 900 nm 波长的指数模型可以较准确地定量反演出悬浮泥沙浓度。  相似文献   

6.
杨佳  范建容  张茜彧  于江  朱昕 《人民长江》2019,50(7):98-103
悬移质泥沙是水环境的重要参数之一,其含量的变化对流域生态环境有着多方面的影响。传统研究方法能够实现悬移质泥含量的精确分析,但存在布点有限、时效不足等问题,而遥感技术可弥补传统研究方法的不足,实现大面积水域的同步观测。基于悬移质泥沙含量遥感反演的4类模型:物理模型、半分析模型、经验模型、人工智能算法模型,总结了Ⅱ类水体悬移质泥沙含量遥感反演的研究进展,探讨了反演研究中存在的离水辐亮度提取难度大、混合像元不易分解等问题,并针对我国内陆山区河流,提出山区Ⅱ类水体悬移质泥沙含量遥感反演发展面临的关键问题。  相似文献   

7.
本文从水体具有的多光谱特性出发,利用陆地卫星 CCT 数据和现场悬浮泥沙浓度测量值,得到了多元非线性回归模式。波段比值作为相关模式的变量既具有能消除光照变化、太阳高度角、扫描角以及水面波动等变化影响的特点,又可以省略遥感数据需要绝对辐射标定的过程。根据在卫星 MSS-7波段图象上接收不到清净水体向上辐射的能量特征,对程辐射作了近似的订正。除此之外,根据回归方程,通过数字图象处理,取得了长江口、吕泗近海悬浮泥沙浓度等值图,并对该区域的泥沙运动及其分布状况作了分析判读。文章最后利用珠江口伶仃洋赤湾近海悬浮泥沙浓度资料,对多元回归模式进行了验证计算,误差是合理的。  相似文献   

8.
利用近年长江口地区的SPOT遥感影像,对长江口表层悬浮泥沙浓度的空间分布和动态变化规律进行分析,绘制了长江口表层水体含沙浓度分级图.结合同步监测数据,对长江口表层悬浮泥沙扩散规律、高混浊水域的范围、河流泥沙入海形态等方面进行了深入的探讨,为长江口泥沙现状调查和近期运动规律反演和预测提供一条新的研究途径.  相似文献   

9.
采用杭州湾1988-2014年的Landsat-TM/OLI遥感影像,结合实测水体光谱和同步悬沙取样数据,构建表层悬沙浓度遥感定量反演模式,开展表层悬沙浓度反演并讨论其时空变化特征。结果表明:构建的定量反演模式精度良好,揭示了杭州湾表层悬沙浓度的时空多变性;年际趋势显示,洪季近二三十年来杭州湾湾口北部水域表层悬沙浓度减少约40%~50%,其他水域相对较稳定;与洪季不同,枯季表层悬沙整体呈现减小态势,减小幅度为30%~40%;长江入海泥沙减少、滩涂围垦、沿岸水流以及长江口外泥沙源的共同作用是表层悬沙浓度年际变化的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

10.
泥沙污染水质模型研究综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对现有的泥沙污染水质模型进行分类,总结了国内外泥沙污染基本问题及泥沙污染水质模型研究的成果,指出模型发展方面应加强泥沙与污染物相互作用机理研究,进一步揭示污染物在水体、悬浮泥沙、底泥之间迁移转化的机理,模型的建立应综合考虑污染物的沉降再悬浮、以及吸附解吸、底泥释放等动态过程。  相似文献   

11.
根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。  相似文献   

12.
The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
Call for Papers     
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.  相似文献   

14.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 106 t CO2eq km2 per year, or 24 × 106 t CO2eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO2eq MWh?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO2eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO2eq MWh?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.  相似文献   

15.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.  相似文献   

16.
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).  相似文献   

17.
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.  相似文献   

18.
Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.  相似文献   

19.
为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。  相似文献   

20.
River regulation in the headwaters and middle reaches of the Gunnison River, Colorado, significantly altered distributions and abundances of Trichoptera fauna. Twenty-five species were collected from mainstream samples, with the greatest species richness occurring at an unregulated, rhithron segment above the central reach dams. At sites immediately below the three hypolimnial-release dams and a reregulation dam, species richness was reduced 35–90 per cent and abundance > 95 per cent. Net-spinning caddisflies were the dominant trichopterans at unregulated sites; Arctopsyche grandis in the upper reaches (218 organisms, 586 mg dry mass m?2) and Hydropsyche cockerelli, H. occidentalis and Cheumatopsyche pettiti in the lower river (9041 total organisms, 6621 mg m?2), downstream from the last dam. The observed distributional pattern of low trichopteran densities in dam tailwaters and high hydropsychid densities at sites 60–80 km below the central reach dams is a classic expression of continuum resets and adjustments in response to stream regulation as predicted by the Serial Discontinuity Concept.  相似文献   

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