南红门再生水灌区建设管理中的经验与对策探讨

大兴南红门灌区是国内发展最早．面积最大的再生水灌区之一,南红门再生水的利用减少了区域内清洁水源的开采,涵养了地下水资源,保障首都农业的水资源安全,从科学的规划方案、合理的输水调蓄系统等方面总结了南红门灌区建设中的经验,从灌区适宜的作物筛选、适宜的灌溉方式、再生水灌区用水管理制度、多水源联合调度技术应用监测与评价网络建设等方面列举了再生水灌区在运行管理中采取的应对措施．最后分析了再生水利用对南红门灌区地下水环境的影响．再生水的推广应用极大地涵养了该区域的地下水资源．南红门灌区的经验可为以后其他区域再生水灌区的建设与管理提供参考依据。     

聚焦矛盾精准施策全面提升污水资源化利用水平

分析了我国污水资源化利用,特别是再生水利用方面存在的主要问题,提出了再生水利用的基本原则和提升再生水利用水平的主要措施.目前,再生水利用存在价格激励机制和监管体系不完善、污水设施与再生水设施建设欠统筹和标准体系不健全等问题.再生水利用应坚持因地制宜、分类施策原则,依质定用、依用定质、按需定供、按质管控.今后应重点推进再生水生态环境利用、区域再生水循环利用、城镇再生水工业利用和工业废水循环利用,强化再生水利用技术体系和标准体系建设.     

再生水在城镇景观生态建设中的应用——以北京市大兴区南红门灌区为例

从我国水资源现状和北京郊区城镇生态环境建设出发,阐述了国内外再生水利用技术的产生和发展趋势,以北京市大兴区南红门灌区为例论述了再生水用于城镇景观生态建设的必要性,分析了再生水利用的技术经济可行性,并强调了再生水用水的安全性.     

北京市再生水灌溉对地下水位的影响及灌区优化配水分析

如何合理利用再生水资源是解决再生水灌区水资源短缺的有效途径之一。以北京市郊区再生水灌区为研究对象,在分析灌区水文气象、水量平衡状况、水利工程、作物种植结构及灌溉水源等资料的基础上,采用系统工程的方法,深入研究了再生水灌区多水源联合调度的关键技术问题,制定了不同典型年灌区多水源联合调度方案：运用实验观测与数值模拟相结合等技术．对灌区在不同的再生水利用率和南水北调水引入情景下．研究了灌区地下水位响应规律、土壤次生盐渍化调控机理等几个关键科学问题。研究成果可为再生水灌区的水资源高效利用和合理调控提供科学依据。研究表明：随着再生水灌区再生水利用率逐步提高,灌区内的地下水位逐步抬升．为避免由于地下水位过高而产生土壤次生盐渍化．必须根据再生水利用率的不同,每年需开采出相应的置换的浅层地下水资源,以控制灌区内的地下水埋深。     

日本再生水利用介绍及前沿研究进展

由于人口增长和全球气候变暖，世界水资源供需矛盾愈发严重。近些年，再生水的利用作为一种缓解水资源短缺的方法在全球范围内得到广泛的关注。与自然水资源相比，再生水具有量大稳定、取水便利、不受气候条件约束等优点，若将城市污水经过适当处理回用，能够在很大程度上缓解全球水资源短缺的情况。日本作为使用再生水较早的国家之一，在污水回用方面具有一定的经验。本文系统梳理日本再生水相关政策、处理技术、应用实例和相关国际标准制定情况，并概述日本再生水措施及其相关政策目的和基本理念，特别是再生水处理技术的性能评价标准，以期对中国再生水利用和推广提供一定的借鉴。     

枣庄市再生水利用现状及改进措施

再生水利用是提高水资源综合利用率，缓解水资源紧缺矛盾，减轻水环境污染的有效途径。为进一步提高再生水利用水平，推动水资源集约节约循环利用，2022年5月，枣庄市城乡水务局开展了再生水配置利用情况专题调研。本文基于专题调研成果，全面分析研判枣庄市再生水配置利用形势及存在问题，并提出推动再生水利用扩面提质的建议。     

南方地区再生水利用可行性及关键问题探讨

在简要介绍再生水的概念、用途、利用形式、系统组成的基础上,分析了我国南方地区再生水利用的必要性及意义,并从污水再生利用的优势、技术可行性、经济可行性和效益等方面对南方地区的再生水利用可行性进行分析,最后对再生水利用用途、形式、水质标准及处理工艺、配套非工程措施等关键问题及对策等进行了探讨。     

江苏城市再生水利用潜力及影响因素分析

随着水资源管理目标的转变以及污水处理技术的发展,再生水逐渐成为解决水问题、实现水生态良性循环、水资源可持续利用的有效措施。从江苏实际出发,简要阐述了江苏城市再生水利用的紧迫形势及利用现状,提出短期内江苏再生水利用潜力约18亿m3,主要利用途径为工业循环冷却水、城市杂用水和环境用水,剖析了政策法规、管理体制、水价、技术等多因素对江苏再生水利用的影响。     

浙江省典型县域再生水利用现状及潜力分析

再生水利用是解决城市水资源短缺的重要举措之一。本文通过分析长兴县再生水利用现状，在概况总结再生水利用有关经验的基础上，分类剖析并挖掘再生水利用的潜力，对推动再生水利用具有重要指导意义。     

深圳市宝安区再生水利用探讨

深圳宝安区是一个资源性缺水城区,对宝安区水资源状况进行分析,论述再生水利用在宝安区水资源利用领域的重要性。从技术角度分析再生水利用对象及宝安区再生水利用规划,提出宝安区再生水利用的总体设想与建议。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。