流向振荡圆柱绕流中的涡脱落模态分析

本文用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟。雷诺数选取Re=200、855等几种亚临界雷诺数情况。研究了不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构、涡脱落模态和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数的变化关系。西文计算表明，流向振荡圆柱绕流中涡脱落方式可划分为对称与反对称两种形态，在反对称的涡脱落现象中又观察到了三种基本模态，相互竞争的各种模态间的共同作用对流动特征起决定性作用。同时计算结果还验证了在圆柱绕流实验中观察到的频率锁定现象。     

串列双圆柱涡激振动响应的数值模拟

该文利用动网格技术对雷诺数Re=100的串列双圆柱的涡激振动响应特性进行了详尽的数值研究。研究了上游圆柱固定,下游圆柱横向振动时,不同间距比(L/D=2-5)和折合流速(Ur=2.4-12)对上、下游圆柱的升阻力特性、涡激振动响应特性和圆柱间干扰效应的影响;以及下游圆柱双自由度(横向和流向振动)涡激振动响应特性。研究发现:随着间距比的增大,下游圆柱开始进入"锁定区间"的Ur减小,且下游圆柱的涡激振动对上游圆柱的影响逐渐减弱,但上游圆柱对下游圆柱的干涉效应一直存在。对于不同间距比,在折合流速Ur=7.2附近,下游圆柱的升阻力系数具有很明显的"跳跃"现象,并出现阻力峰值,且不同间距比的下游圆柱都在Ur=7.2时获得最大振幅且幅值相近,这意味着下游圆柱可能在此折合速度下被完全诱导,当下游圆柱被完全诱导振动后,间距比对圆柱振幅的影响较小。不同的折合流速下,小间距比(L/D=2)和大间距比(L/D=5)的尾流会表现出不同的流动形式和"2P"、"2S"等涡脱形式。下游圆柱双自由度振动时,流向振动相对横向振动振幅较小。     

基于CFD方法的变张力柔性圆柱涡激振动数值模拟

在实际海洋工程中,细长柔性结构物的涡激振动问题广受关注。该文基于切片模型,采用课题组基于开源CFD求解器OpenFOAM自主开发的,面向柔性立管涡激振动问题的viv-FOAM-SJTU求解器,对变张力作用下柔性圆柱涡激振动问题进行数值模拟,分别计算在恒定张力(工况1)及以一阶(工况2)和二阶(工况3)固有频率变化的轴向张力作用下,柔性圆柱涡激振动响应的变化。计算结果与试验吻合良好,验证了求解器的准确性。结果表明,变张力作用显著增大了结构位移响应,相比于工况1,工况2增幅约1倍,工况3增幅约25%。工况3的主振模态由一阶提升至三阶。变张力的作用使得圆柱出现多频率振动特性,体现出"和频"成分。从相图角度来看,圆柱的多频率周期振动特性明显。     

附属螺旋导板抑制圆柱涡激振动的风洞试验

该文采用了一种口形截面三螺头螺旋导板用于抑制大质量阻尼比(*m??1.42)圆柱涡激振动,开展了风洞实验研究。针对弹性支撑的圆柱及其附属不同螺距螺旋导板模型,在雷诺数2.7?103-5.29?104范围内,测定相应约化速度下的振动瞬态位移。结果表明:螺距/直径比为5、10和17.5三种螺旋导板圆柱的横向及流向无因次均方根振幅均远小于单圆柱,螺旋导板对大质量阻尼比圆柱的涡激振动有较好的抑制效果,其无因次均方根振幅响应曲线无锁定区,且横向上的抑制效果比流向的抑制效果明显。此外,螺距/直径比为5的螺旋导板具有最佳抑制效果。     

双圆柱绕流的大涡模拟

基于FLUENT软件平台上的三维大涡模拟方法,对定常来流流场中的单圆柱及不同排列形式的双圆柱进行了水动力计算,并对圆柱周围的瞬时流场、时均流场以及圆柱受力进行了分析.分析结果表明,当Re=6×104时,串列双圆柱中上游圆柱受力明显大于下游圆柱,下游圆柱Gd、Cl的变化频率满足fd=2fl,两圆柱的脱涡频率近似相等,涡街的相位相同;并列双圆柱的Cd基本相等,且变化趋势有一定相似性,脱涡频率均接近单个圆柱,涡街的相位相反;交错45.排列的两个圆柱Cd基本相等,脱涡频率接近,下游圆柱的涡街相位明显滞后于上游圆柱.     

均匀来流中振动圆柱尾迹涡结构的数值研究

本文从涡量流函数形式的N-S方程出发,对于不同的振动频率、振幅,首次数值研究了均匀来流中沿任意方向(参见图1,0°相似文献   

关于卡门涡街形状稳定性的一点分析

在圆柱绕流的卡门涡街中,单个涡对于来流有相对速度,以该速度观察,其周围的流线更类似无旋理论中有环量的圆柱绕流.因此在势流解的基础上,运用扰动理论分析了涡街形状的稳定性问题.结果表明,涡位置的纵横比有一变化范围,以卡门的经典值为下限,与涡相对速度,实际涡核的大小及其环量都有关系,但与不构成单调的关系.与实验数据和数值模拟的结果进行对比,表明论文的分析是合理的.     

高分辨率TVD-FVM方法求解二维圆柱受迫振动问题

该文基于RANS方程,结合SST k-ω湍流模型,用单元速度向量转化法基础上的TVD格式对不可压缩流进行有限体积求解。研究雷诺数10 000,无量纲振幅0.3-0.5,无量纲频率0.70-1.40的圆柱受迫振动问题,结果表明:升力系数随无量纲频率变化规律与他人实验及数值结果拟合良好,成功捕捉到升力系数相位跳跃现象;对激振力系数、涡力系数、漩涡脱落形态及漩涡脱落频率进行深入分析,从能量角度验证转变(transition)现象。通过分析受迫振动激振力系数随无量纲频率变化规律,划分出激振区的无量纲频率范围,以利于半经验模型的快速VIV分析。对涡力及其相位进行分析,发现在转变后,涡力系数的数值大于升力系数,说明在振动频率较大时,惯性力较大,尽管惯性力不影响能量系数变化,但会加大涡力系数。     

绕单自由度涡激振动圆柱的速度环量的时空分布特征

对低质量比(质量比为8.63)的单自由度圆柱的涡激振动进行了数值模拟,模拟中选取了四组折合速度(第一组对应位移响应的初始分支,另三组对应下端分支)。模拟所得的圆柱运动响应和升力系数与Williamson的相应实验结果相符。根据模拟所得的流场对各组案例中绕圆柱的速度环量进行了计算和分析,结果表明:①无量纲化速度环量在时空上总体呈交替的条带分布,条带的斜率和宽度分别对应于环量向外传播的速度与环量的变化周期,条带斜率随来流速度增大而增大;②经验正交函数(EOF)分解得到的第1和第2空间模态包含了环量时空分布的主要信息,且其均对应于第一主频;③环量均方根值沿径向的分布在初始分支段与下端分支段之间有显著区别,导致这一差别的主要原因是其对应的尾流脱涡模式不同——分别对应于2S和2P模式。     

圆柱附属刚性与柔性分离盘结构系统的涡激振动及驰振风洞实验研究

近年来该文作者针对圆柱涡激振动控制方法与机理开展了数值模拟和风洞实验研究,获得了一些具有典型意义的认识及涡激振动控制策略。与此同时,研究发现,有的典型涡激振动抑制装置如分离盘和整流罩等在一些条件下会发生比涡激振动更严重更复杂的不稳定现象—驰振,它非常不利于对圆柱涡激振动本身的控制。该文概述近期利用风洞实验开展刚性和柔性分离盘控制涡激振动研究时所观察到的典型特征,揭示了涡激振动以及驰振发生的条件和规律。总体来看,在该文实验条件(质量阻尼比0.19-0.2,约化速度2-38)和材料属性下,长度小于1.0 D(D为圆柱直径)的柔性分离盘可以有效控制涡激振动,而大于1.0D的柔性分离盘和刚性分离盘都引发了驰振。对于刚性分离盘,这种驰振比较复杂,与测试条件相关,有的为涡激振动诱发,有的是速度限制激励的,有的是纯粹的驰振且振动强而不停;而柔性分离盘的驰振大多是自发产生的且相对刚性分离盘弱而有限。     

不同长细比圆柱绕流的大涡模拟

自从人们对层流圆柱绕流现象有了系列研究及清楚的认识后,逐渐把目光投向湍流的圆柱绕流问题,但高雷诺数下的圆柱绕流具有很强的三维特性,因此在数值计算时模型轴向长度的选取是大家关心的问题。该文基于开源软件OpenFOAM运用LES计算了4种不同长细比圆柱的静止圆柱绕流(包括一个二维算例),重点分析和对比了结果中的一些基础参数如St数、平均阻力系数等,与实验结果吻合良好。文中还进一步分析了时均顺流向速度U在流场中沿流向和横向的分布,发现长细比为π的圆柱算例中,计算域的轴向尺度已经能满足圆柱下游靠近圆柱处的流场中的三维结构的发展。     

STUDY ON TURBULENCE FEATURES NEAR AN OSCILLATING CURVED WALL

In pursuit of possibly true turbulent characters and for exploring a change in turbulence structures near an oscillating flexible wall-curved surface, a sinusoidal oscillation mode was forced to a curved wall, whose vibrations disturbed the flow with an interacting effort between the fluid and the structure. The methodology used was the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with fluid-structure interaction. The oscillating configuration was on a Fourier sinusoidal mode from the measurements of a Francis hydro turbine blade vibration. The effects of the vibration on the skin friction coefficient, vortices, turbulent coherent structures, and other statistical quantities were studied. The results showed that the streamwise velocity gradient along the normal direction and the normal velocity gradient along the spanwise direction were considerably increased within the viscous sublayer because of the oscillating wall, which additionally caused the low speed streaks to stay away from the wall and the high-momentum flows to be toward the wall. As a result, the streamwise vortices were much more elongated along the downstream to get an energy balance, and the wall skin friction coefficient or the wall friction velocity rose up.     

圆柱非定常绕流及涡致振动的数值计算

用基于一般曲线坐标系和交错网格的差分法求解原始变量二维不可压粘性流体的N-S方程，计算了雷诺数从100到1×10     

Effects of obstacles and flow velocity on locomotory behavior in juvenile,silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

We currently have only a minimal understanding of energy‐saving strategies of fish in unsteady flows. In this study, we found that obstacle shape can affect swimming ability of fish: our results suggested that a half cylinder improved critical swimming speed of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) compared with swimming downstream of a full cylinder, square tube or for free‐flow conditions. We also discovered how silver carp alter their locomotory behavior in response to turbulent flow caused by varying flow velocities around obstacles. At a flow velocity of 1 BL/s (body length per second), the fish spent similar percentages of time between holding station and moving forward behind the half cylinder: their motions resembled freestream swimming behavior. The greatest percentage of time spent downstream of the half cylinder occurred at a flow velocity of 5 BL/s. Fish were unstable and displayed irregular body motions with large lateral displacement at 5 BL/s. However, the fish held station for a long time and moved forward steadily behind the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. In holding station behind the half cylinder, fish maintained constant tail‐beat frequency and tail‐ beat amplitude when flow velocity was increased from 1 to 3 BL/s. In moving forward behind the half cylinder, fish increased tail‐beat frequency and tail‐beat amplitude while maintaining constant ground swimming speed, swimming acceleration and ground stride when flow velocity was increased from 3 to 5 BL/s. Moreover, fish positioned their snouts in a small area approximately 1–3 BL downstream from the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. These behaviors support the hypothesis that turbulence behind a half cylinder was a suitable location for fish to conserve energy at 3 BL/s. Our results indicate that the combined effect of obstacles and flow velocity influence fish locomotory behavior, and some combinations may be beneficial to fish energy expenditure swimming in unsteady flow.     

地铁隧道TBM施工围岩振动效应的数值分析

为分析TBM施工地铁隧道引起的围岩振动效应及其影响,通过数值模拟并结合频谱分析方法,获得地表以及围岩振动的振速峰值和主振频率参数,分析不同掘进速度下TBM施工振动在地表和围岩中的分布,参考爆破安全规程给出的安全允许质点振动速度限值,评估振动影响范围。结果表明:在隧道轴线两侧6D(D为隧道直径)范围内TBM施工振动影响明显,超过6D范围后振动幅值较小,为振动微影响区;随着刀盘掘进速度降低,振速峰值减小,但二者不是线性关系;地表质点振动的主振频率一般在10～25　Hz范围,受掘进速度的影响不明显。     

广东某核电厂排水隧洞爆破振动监测与分析

针对广东某核电厂排水隧洞爆破挖岩对边坡和闸门井的影响,依据实际开挖中的振动监测数据,对三向振动速度分别进行了回归分析。分析数据发现:在同一次爆破中,爆破振速的垂向速度并不总是最大,因而评价爆破振动产生的破坏时,要选择水平向、径向、垂直向振动的振动速度最大值;通过爆破振动三向回归公式,计算出不同爆心距下的单段最大段药量,发现利用此公式控制装药量对降低爆破振动速度有一定指导作用。     

Numerical analysis of shell-side flow-induced vibration of elastic tube bundle in heat exchanger

The responses of the flow-induced vibration of an elastic tube bundle subjected to the shell-side cross flow are investigated in this paper. The weak coupling method and the fluid solid interface are used to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem with consideration of the geometry and physical natures. The effects of the shell-side fluid flow velocity and the structural parameters on the flow-induced vibration are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate that the vibration frequency and amplitude at the monitor points increase with the increase of the shell-side water inlet velocity in all directions. The wall thickness and the external diameter of the elastic tube bundle have significant effects on the responses of the flow-induced vibration. The structural parameters affect the vibration frequency and amplitude, and the vibration equilibrium position in the water flow direction. The vibration frequency decreases with the increase of the tube external diameter. In addition, the vibration in the water flow direction has a lower equilibrium position when the elastic tube bundle has a larger wall thickness or smaller external diameter.     

李家峡水电站机组开停机过程非平稳振动信号的小波分析

基于李家峡水电站双排机组振动的现场试验研究，并且针对传统频谱分析方法傅立叶变换（FFT）对于非平稳信号已力不从心这一缺陷，利用小波分析方法在时域和频域上同时具有良好的局部化性质，通过对开停机这一典型非平稳过程信号进行小波及小波包分析，将其分解到不同频带内，获取微弱信息和提取优势频率，并对其作振源分析，得出开停机初始时刻因水流不稳均出现强烈的振动现象，且低频段信号能量最大，开停机过程水流脉动压力和尾水涡带摆动是引起定子基础振动的主要原因。同时也证明了小波是处理非平稳信号的最有力的工具。     

Multi-mode of vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder

The vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder is investigated at a constant Reynolds number of 1 000.The finite-volume method on moving meshes is applied for the fluid flow, and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the dynamic response of a flexible cylinder.The relationship between the reduced velocity and the amplitude response agrees well with the experimental results.Moreover, five different vibrating modes appear in the simulation.From the comparisons of their vortex structures, the strength of the wake flow is related to the exciting vibrating mode and different vortex patterns arise for different vibrating modes.Only 2P pattern appears in the first vibrating mode while 2S-2P patterns occur in the other vibrating modes if monitoring at different sections along the length of the cylinder.The vibration of the flexible cylinder can also greatly alter the three-dimensionality in the wake, which needs further studies in our future work, especially in the transition region for the Reynolds number from 170 to 300.     

Receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local micro-vibration disturbance on wall

The receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local single-period micro-vibration disturbances with different phases at the top and bottom walls was investigated through direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Results show that the disturbance presents a symmetrical distribution in the spanwise direction when the micro-vibration on the wall ends, and the initial disturbance velocities and spatial distribution of the disturbance structure are different at the top and bottom walls. The disturbance’s velocity, amplitude, and high- and low-speed streaks increase with time, and the amplitude of streamwise disturbance velocity is larger than those of spanwise and vertical disturbance velocities. However, no significant Tollmien-Schlichting wave was found in the flow field. The number of disturbance vortex cores gradually increases with the disturbance area. High-speed disturbance fluid concentrates near the wall and its normal velocity largely points to the wall, while low-speed disturbance fluid largely deviates from the wall. Furthermore, the streamwise velocity profiles near the top and bottom walls both become plump because of the existence of the disturbances, and the streamwise velocity profiles show a trend of evolving into turbulent velocity profiles. The shear stress near the wall increases significantly. The local micro-vibration disturbance on the wall in plane Poiseuille flow can induce the development of a structure similar to turbulent spots.