河流生态修复负反馈调节规划设计方法

本文建议的河流生态修复负反馈规划设计方法,是一种针对大量不确定性因素的适应性方法,力图在复杂多变的形势下处理和解决河流生态修复规划、设计和实施过程的决策方法问题。负反馈调节设计过程是按照"规划—设计—执行(包括管理)—监测—评估—调整"这样一种模式以反复循环的方式进行的,其目的是以累积的形式,不断缩小河流生态系统现状与修复目标之间的目标差,应用于河流生态修复立项、规划、设计、施工和后评估的全过程。     

河流生态修复的国际经验及对长江大保护的启示

为推进长江大保护,针对长江流域河流生态修复的需求,梳理了美国杜瓦米什河、欧洲莱茵河和德国德莱萨姆河等河流生态修复的实践做法:重视立法和标准化建设,严格制度管理,健全工作机制,强化科技支撑,鼓励全民参与等;分析了长江大保护现状与面临的挑战:政策法规和行业标准不完善,顶层设计与整体谋划不足,工作机制和监管体系不完善,修复工作难点较多且科研能力薄弱,社会力量参与长江生态修复的主体意识不强;提出了长江流域开展河流生态修复工作的建议:健全法规、完善制度、强化机制、创新技术、立体宣传。     

河流生态修复后评估研究进展

河流生态修复活动正在世界范围内广泛开展,受生态系统内部结构的复杂性、非线性等因素制约,生态修复工程实施后的效果仍有待进一步确定。通过分析国内外河流生态修复后评估研究进展情况,总结了河流生态修复成功与否的判别标准及国内外开展的相关实践活动,指出国外的河流生态修复后评估工作主要集中在欧美国家,内容相对较详细;我国的河流生态修复后评估工作受河流生态修复研究和实践水平所限,仍处于初级阶段,应积极借鉴国外后评估工作的经验,推进我国河流生态修复工作的进一步深入。     

构建河流生态流量监测系统的思考

生态流量是河流生态保护与修复的关键指标之一,是河流开发规划、建设项目环评及河流生态修复研究与实践的重要技术指标,对于保障河流生态系统健康及坝下河段水生态系统完整性具有重要意义。我国河流生态流量实践过程中,存在监测系统不完善、监测目标不明确、监测指标科学性不足等问题,一定程度上限制了生态水文响应关系的建立。基于国内外生态流量监测系统研究与实践的主要问题,提出了构建河流生态流量监测系统的几点思考,重点为监测系统构建时需考虑的方法和指标,旨在提高监测系统在设计、实施和监测等环节的有效性,实现河流生态系统可持续发展,主要建议有:明确合理监测目标,制定具体监测计划,选取适宜量化指标,设计有效监测手段,优化监测管理措施。     

智慧视角下的永定河综合治理与生态修复顶层设计

《永定河综合治理与生态修复总体方案》提出利用5～10年时间逐步将永定河恢复为“流动的河、绿色的河、清洁的河、安全的河”。为了支撑《总体方案》的实施,并使智慧水利研究成果深入流域管理实际,海河水利委员会选定永定河进行智慧河流设计,力争运用先进的信息新技术和智慧水利框架体系,支撑永定河流域综合治理与生态修复工程所确定的生态水量目标、水环境目标、水生态功能目标、防洪目标和跨区域协同目标的实现。本文在充分考虑永定河流域综合治理与生态修复总体布局的基础上,结合对主流信息技术的应用,对智慧永定河顶层设计的设计思路进行总结,从智慧水利视角提出了支撑具体业务所需的感知、网络、永定河大脑、业务支撑等架构,以期为河流综合治理与生态修复提供人物交互、科学分析、决策支持等提供支撑。     

试论河流生态修复规划的原则

在指明河流生态修复的目的、任务的基础上，提出了河流生态修复规划的五条原则，即河流生态修复与社会经济协调发展的原则；流域尺度规划原则；增强空间异质性的景观格局原则；以生态自我修复为主．人工适度干预为辅的原则；生态修复工程与资源、环境管理相结合的原则。     

中小河流水电开发管理与生态修复的思考

我国中小河流水电开发除常见的诸如河流水文节律变化、水生生态系统变化等环境问题,还存在着开发时间相对较早、开发缺乏规划以及环保措施完成率不高等问题。近20年来,我国已经逐渐形成了"保护支流,开发干流"的水电开发及保护的思路与格局,因此支流也就是中小河流的保护价值和保护作用显得更加重要,而不规范的小水电环保管理的负面影响也将更加严重。全面梳理了国内外水电开发管理与生态修复相关法律、法规及规范,从规划管理、工程建设与运行等方面,针对我国中小河流水电开发现状及主要环境影响,提出了中小河流水电开发管理与生态修复的建议。     

河流生态修复的研究内容和理论技术

系统分析国内关于受损河流生态系统在生态修复方面的研究现状及存在的问题,指出我国开展河流生态修复研究的主要包括的内容。系统阐述了水利工程对河流生态系统胁迫及其机理,对传统意义上的水利工程规划设计理念和方法进行了系统的反思,总结了河流生态修复规划原则与评估方法及河流廊道生态修复技术。     

黑河市“十三五”农村水电增效扩容改造项目绩效评价

黑河市"十三五"农村水电增效扩容改造项目建设是通过水电站水轮发电机组升级改造,达到节能增效的目的。同时工程采用生态修复措施和安装生态监测设备,修复减脱水河段,保证生态需水量,改善整条河流生态,实现项目实施建成流域生态环境得到修复。从行业管理角度对项目建设实施全过程的管理、工程改造后的效果、工程运行管理等方面进行绩效评价分析。     

对强化湖南农村中小河流河长制工作的思考

农村中小河流治理、修复与管护直接关乎广大人民福祉,河长制是系统推进河流综合整治与河流持续健康发展的管理新举措。以L区河长制为例,剖析湖南省农村中小河流在全面推行河长制过程中面临的问题,提出加强完善河长制管理顶层设计、完善农村中小河流及其流域监测体系、健全河长制管理综合评估体系等建议,为全面落实农村中小河流河长制工作、实现美丽新湖南提供参考。     

韩国城市河流生态恢复的案例与经验

通过介绍和分析韩国清溪川与光州川生态恢复的案例,在河流生态恢复的设计理念、技术方法等方面提出对我国城市河流治理的借鉴。认为只有把城市河流生态恢复作为系统工程,对城市河流进行多目标的恢复治理、将河流治理列入城市规划、分区域规划和建设、多学科开展研究和基础调查、营造动物栖息地、恢复河流自然功能才是城市河流生态恢复的归宿。     

Evaluation of river basin restoration options by the application of the Water Framework Directive Explorer in the Zwalm River basin (Flanders,Belgium)

Water managers and researchers strive towards the same objective: the improvement of the quality status of water bodies. However, there is still a gap between the results of academic studies on water systems and the information currently used in water management. The Water Framework Directive (WFD)‐Explorer, a modular toolbox which supports integrated water management in a river basin, attempts to bridge this gap. The toolbox analyses the impact of different restoration measures on river ecology based on expert rules embedded in this simulation environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the toolbox have been tested on the Zwalm River basin in Flanders, Belgium. The ecological status of streams in the basin spans the whole range of nearly pristine headwaters to severely impacted river stretches further downstream. Considering the key bottlenecks in the Zwalm basin and the user‐driven ecological status objectives, several water quality and physical habitat restoration options have been proposed to meet the European Water Framework Directive goals. The positive impact of restoration measures on the ecological quality ratio (EQR) for macroinvertebrates appeared to be the highest for measures affecting the nutrient inflows and thus chemical water body characteristics. However, the spatial scale on which the WFD‐Explorer modelled the impact of physical habitat restoration may have been too coarse to generate reliable results concerning such restoration measures. Hence, the combination of the WFD‐Explorer results with those of more detailed studies on physical habitat restoration impacts might be a promising approach to reliably support decision‐making implementation of the WFD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

伊通河两岸规划管理现状及其对策分析

本文根据长春市对伊通河两岸的长期规划建设,借鉴国内外先进的市区河流治理经验,把河道治理与生态环境的恢复紧密地联系在一起,对今后河流的综合治理特别是河流的生态恢复建设工作提供有力的理论依 据.     

河流生态修复的适应性管理方法

适应性管理方法是保证河流生态修复工程成功的关键环节。文中对适应性管理方法的主要内容、关键环节进行了论述,对河流生态修复适应性管理的特征和面临的挑战进行了分析,指出了为加强适应性管理所应采取的对策措施。     

Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive: Experiences of Participatory Planning in the Ribble Basin,North West England

Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is potentially the most significant piece of water management legislation to be developed by the European Union (EU) in the last forty years. Whilst water legislation is already regarded by many people as the ‘gold plating’ of EU environmental policy, many of the previous regulations and policies have focussed on specific point and non-point source water quality problems and have stipulated stringent standards to be achieved within specified time limits. In sharp contrast, the WFD aims to establish a planning and management framework for sustainable use of water and the ecological restoration of entire river systems, many of which do not fit neatly within the political or administrative boundaries of the Member States. Public participation in planning and management decisions is a key aspect of the WFD. This paper describes the specific requirements of the WFD for public participation and examines their implementation in the Ribble basin in North West England. The Ribble is part of a EU river basin network designed to test the WFD implementation guidelines issued by the European Commission. Particular challenges associated with engaging stakeholders in WFD implementation are highlighted and recommendations for future practice are offered.     

典型河道生态修复工程的系统最优控制策略探析

本文通过对上海市中心城区典型河段生态修复工程分析发现,目前的河道生态修复工程仍存在重水质改善、轻生态管理、工程目标不清、工程实施强度随机性大、缺乏生态监测指标等问题。为提高生态修复工程的持续运营能力及其对后继工程的支撑性作用,本研究探讨了系统最优控制指导下的河道生态修复策略,以期为"十四五"期间城市河道生态修复提供参考。     

Trends in ecological river engineering in Korea

Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering.