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1.
The paper concerns with the effects of liquid quality on cavitation erosion, Vari-ous homogeneous liquids such as distilled water, glycerine-water mixtures of different concentra-tion, Kerosene and silicone oil were used as liquid media. Liquids containing solid particles suchas fly-ash ane bakerite powders of different concentration were also studied. Experimental find-ings witnessed the effect of viscosity in attenuating cavitation erosion. Liquids containing solidparticles play dual role of facilitating and alleviating cavitation erosion, in which critical concen-tration and equivalent concentration are in existance. The behaviour of cavitation clouds and theappearance of pittings were also carefully observed to help explain the different effects of liquidquality on cavitation erosion.  相似文献   

2.
在空化空蚀试验台上,对黄河小浪底水利枢纽排沙洞偏心铰弧形闸门顶水封的1:1切片,进行缝隙空穴流试验。直接观测其在清、浑水条件下原型可能出现的空化空蚀状况。同时,分析了浑水对空化的影响后表明,浑水的产压级高于清水,浑水的空蚀强度大于清水,且均随浑水的浓度增加而加大。  相似文献   

3.
1.INTRODUCTION Alotofhighdams,whicharegreaterthan100minheight,havebeensofarcompletedinChi na.Andmanysuperhighdamsover200mhighsuch asErtanandLongtanHydropowerStationswere completedorareunderconstruction.Someof themevenhavetheheightontheorderof300m suchasXiaowanandXiluoduHydropowerSta tions[1].Accordingtoincompletestatistics,nearly30superhighdamswhicharegreaterthan200min heighthavebeensofarcompletedintheworld[2].Becauseoftheheadincrease,flowvelocityin thesehighdamscanreachseveral dozenm…  相似文献   

4.
Experimental study of cavitation characteristics with and without aeration was conducted at the flow velocity 50m/s in the non-circulating type water tunnel in the Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology. Variations of pressure and cavitation number with air concentration, pressure waveforms as well as cavitation erosion level of concrete specimen with and without aeration were obtained. The effects of cavitation control by aeration were analyzed.  相似文献   

5.
利用格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)伪势模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,分析了不同汽相黏滞系数和液相黏滞系数对空化泡溃灭过程中的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力、最大溃灭时间的影响。结果表明,相同液相黏滞系数条件下,改变汽相黏滞系数,空化泡溃灭时产生的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力和最大溃灭时间不变;保持汽相黏滞系数不变,空化泡溃灭时最大溃灭压力、最大微射流流速均随着液相黏滞系数的增大而减小,但最大溃灭时间随着液相黏滞系数的增大而增大。  相似文献   

6.
射流空化汽蚀实验方法研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
设计了简单的汽蚀实验系统,利用高压水射流技术,在材料表面快速产生汽蚀.通过室温下的Q235钢汽蚀实验,得出随时间变化时Q235钢汽蚀产生的规律及各阶段的发生机理.Q235钢在清水中的破坏过程是一个以力学因素为主导,由塑性破坏向脆性破坏转变的过程,材料表面产生了明显的加工硬化.  相似文献   

7.
CAVITATION CONTROL BY AERATION AND ITS COMPRESSIBLE CHARACTERISTICS   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
1. INTRODUCTION So far a lot of high dams that are greater than 100 m in height have been constructed in China. And many super high dams over 200 m in height, such as those at the Ertan and Longtan Hydropower Stations, were completed or are under construc…  相似文献   

8.
根据水流流动的模拟特性,将金属材料空蚀试验设备进行分类,介绍了主要设备的原理、发展、性能和优缺点,探讨了其主要特征参数及影响规律。通过对不同设备所得试验结果的分析比较,总结出金属材料空蚀试验的一些规律。认为当前应致力于各设备试验方法的标准化研究,通过大量标准化的流体-温度-材料-设备试验,确定金属材料空蚀破坏与特征参数的关系,对设备功能的开发等也提出了一些粗浅的认识。  相似文献   

9.
在对某水电站放空洞工作闸门的常压及减压模型试验中,进行了工作闸门的体型比较;讨论了通风洞的进气量、明流洞坎下沿程水流的修气浓度、掺气坎减免空蚀的保护长度;还探讨了门槽空化的特性以及工作闸门掺气设施的方案优化。  相似文献   

10.
万家寨水电站水中含沙对空化压力的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
对万家寨水电站含沙量对水力机械内空化压力的影响进行了研究,并利用自行研制的测量装置实测了黄河万家寨水电站含沙水样的初生空化与,临界空化压力.实测结果表明,随着含沙量的增大,初生空化与临界空化压力值均有所提高,且接近线性关系.这一成果可用于所有含沙河流上的水电站水轮机与水泵站水泵合理确定安装高程时的参考.这样做可以减少空蚀与泥沙磨损给运行带来的经济损失.  相似文献   

11.
深孔泄洪洞工作弧门下游体型及弧门开启方式决定着水流流态的变化,选择不合理有可能引起底板的空蚀破坏。为了明确与此相关的空蚀发生机理及条件,通过水力学模型试验,并结合简单数值模拟计算,对不同体型、不同水头、不同开度条件下的水流空化与空蚀特性进行研究。研究结果表明:受弧门出口射流流场分布影响,弧门下游抛物线及下游陡坡初始段底板压强随着底板以上总水头的增加及弧门开度的减小会快速下降,最大负压接近或超过-14 k Pa,连接闸室与抛物线之间的水平段长度增加5 m,虽然可以使底板压强有一定幅度增加,但高水头、小开度工况下的水流最小空化数仍然比较小,最小值不足0.2;如果以0.2作为抛物线及其上下游段水流初生空化数,同时底板的施工不平整度有所控制,则总水头40 m时弧门最小开度可以达到1/4,若总水头增加至65 m时,弧门只能全开或3/4开度运行,低海拔地区或水平段加长5 m后最小开度可到1/2~3/4。  相似文献   

12.
为消除中闸室出口侧墙上的掺气盲区并且改善水流流态,该文提出了突扩-渐扩侧掺气体型。采用RNG k-ε紊流模型对此掺气体型进行数值模拟,获得了侧墙上水流流态、压力分布以及水翅强度等水力特性。利用物理模型试验对计算结果进行验证,计算结果具有可靠性。结果表明:出闸水流弗劳德数一定时,侧墙突扩宽度和渐扩长度是影响水翅强度的主要因素,突扩宽度越大或渐扩长度越短,水翅强度越大;侧墙压力中心主要是由出闸水流冲击泄洪洞底板造成的;此掺气体型能形成稳定侧空腔并且侧墙上无负压产生,能够有效避免空化空蚀。  相似文献   

13.
1.  During the first years of operation of the turbines of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation (1974–1979) increased cavitation erosion of the runner blades were noted. Blades with a maximum deviation of the geometry from the design had maximum erosion. Correction of the blade profile with the use of a three-dimensional template markedly reduced the intensity of cavitation erosion.
2.  Tests established that the best operating regimes of the units of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation with respect to cavitation conditions is the load range 195–215 mW, deviations from which lead to a pronounced increase of cavitation erosion.
3.  A change in the profile of the trailing edges of the runner blades practically completely eliminated cavitation erosion on the rear surface of the blades near the trailing edges.
4.  Tests with hard-facing of the damaged blades by various electrodes showed the possibility of a substantial increase of the cavitation resistance of the hard-faced coating and accordingly an increase of the overhaul period with the use of electrodes of type TsN-22. It is required to organize immediately the production of cavitation-resistant electrodes, which are acutely needed for restoring cavitation damages of turbine runners.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 40–42, February, 1988.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of viscosity on the cavitation characteristics of a high speed sleeve bearing is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The cavitation characteristics, the cavitation shape and the cavitation location of a spiral oil wedge hydrodynamic bearing are investigated experimentally by using the transparent bearing and the high-speed camera. The generalized Reynolds equation is established with considerations of the cavitation mechanism based on the modified Elrod method in theory, and the cavitations of different viscosity sleeve bearings are analyzed and compared. It is shown that the cavitations are strip-shaped for both the high viscosity lubricant and the low viscosity lubricant, and in the rupture region of the oil film at a high speed, the oil vapour or bubbles are produced. With the decrease of the supply pressure and the increase of the rotating speed, the rupture area of the oil film increases distinctly. The cavitation area decreases distinctly and the quality of lubrication is better for the low viscosity lubricant than for the high viscosity lubricant. The experiment results in general are consistent with the theoretical results.  相似文献   

15.
苏香云  温兰冠 《红水河》2009,28(4):29-31,40
针对高水头多沙河流水电站水轮机的特点,从转轮选型、结构改进、转轮材质选用、叶片加工工艺诸方面,论述了提高高水头机组综合效率和可靠性、改善多沙河流水电站水轮机抗空蚀性能的技术措施.  相似文献   

16.
The critical size of the sand particles in liquid is determined by means of the special vibratory apparatus, and it is related to various effects on the cavitation damage. The increase of the sand size or concentration would aggravate the cavitation damage if their sizes are larger than this critical size, conversely, this damage would be relieved.  相似文献   

17.
为定量评价高海拔地区的低气压环境对水流空化特性的影响程度,通过理论计算单气核临界压强在不同气压条件下的变化,分析单气核临界压强变化对初生空化数的影响程度,并进行不同海拔高程下水流空化数的敏感性分析。研究成果表明:低气压环境下,气核初生空化数和水流空化数均减小,但水流空化数减小的程度远远大于初生空化数减小的程度,其他条件相同的前提下,高海拔地区的高速水流空化空蚀风险增大。研究结论可为高海拔地区高速水流的空化空蚀设计和评价提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
高速水流下的空化空蚀和高水头下的闸门止水问题是高水头泄水建筑物运行所遇到的2大问题。为深入研究突扩跌坎掺气设施,进一步了解其水力特性和空化特性,以某水利枢纽孔板泄洪洞中闸室通气系统和突扩跌坎掺气设施为具体研究对象,通过建立比尺 1∶20 的局部水工模型,分析研究了通气孔风速、流态、压力、掺气浓度等水力特征参数,并将试验结果与原型观测结果进行了对比。结果表明:该工程布置的掺气效果良好,试验所得通气管内风速随闸门开度变化的趋势、水流掺气浓度、压力及其脉动在数值上与原型观测结果均一致,说明工程原型观测与模型试验对比验证是成功的。理论研究和实际运用均表明,结合闸门止水和掺气减蚀要求的突扩跌坎布置,是符合实际需求且安全可行的,同时也是解决高水头条件下闸门止水和掺气减蚀的有效措施,具有广泛的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

19.
为研究侵蚀性流体渗透过程中完整石灰岩石渗透性的变化规律,设计3组不同的渗透溶液化学侵蚀条件和应力条件下的石灰岩芯渗透实验,通过测量每种工况下不同时刻渗出液流量、渗出液中含有的离子浓度等数据,分析完整石灰岩渗透特性的主要影响因素和演化机理。实验结果表明:渗透液体侵蚀和应力施加对岩石渗透性演变存在不同作用。由于加压(围压、轴压、渗透压)对岩芯渗透性具有时效性,在实验初期(0~50 h)3种工况下岩芯渗透率都急剧下降,应力作用是引起岩石渗透率变化的主要因素;随着实验过程的进展,岩芯内部孔隙喉道逐渐闭合,大约50 h之后,渗透流体的化学侵蚀作用开始显现,在之后的330 h中,渗透液为蒸馏水时岩芯渗透率基本趋于稳定,渗透溶液为p H=6的硫酸钠溶液或硫酸溶液时岩芯渗透率则持续下降,表明实验后期渗透液的化学侵蚀作用对岩芯渗透率演变起主要作用。3种工况实验过程中岩芯渗出液中始终有离子溶出,但是不同的渗透液体对岩芯矿物质的溶解效果有差异,显著改变渗出液的离子浓度和离子浓度比值。当渗透溶液中存在促进矿物质溶解的成分并且渗透压力较小时,渗透液中离子逐渐积累变多但不能及时被运移到岩芯外,从而可能产生沉淀堵塞岩芯渗透通道。实验过程中,完整石灰岩石渗透性的演变特性是渗透溶液的侵蚀作用、应力作用和溶质运移沉淀共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

20.
采用可调节表面张力的大密度比、大黏滞系数比格子玻尔兹曼伪势空化模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,并进一步分析了表面张力和初始空化泡内外压差对空化泡溃灭过程中流场分布的影响,探究了表面张力变化对空化泡溃灭时产生的微射流和溃灭压力演化的影响。结果表明:在近壁区空化泡溃灭过程中,随着表面张力减小,加剧了气液交界面的变形,导致微射流更为集中。同时空化泡在溃灭过程中蓄积的表面能减小,在溃灭时刻迅速释放后,减弱了空化泡溃灭强度,空化泡溃灭最大微射流流速和最大压力均随着表面张力的减小而减小,导致空化泡溃灭时间缩短,增加了壁面引起的Bjerknes力,加剧空化泡朝向壁面溃灭的趋势。  相似文献   

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