给水管网实时故障诊断的支持向量机模型

为实时诊断给水管网故障,提出了一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的宏观关系模型,用以建立实时监测故障前后给水管网3个节点的水压变化与管网中其他所有未监测节点水压变化的非线性关系,通过对水压变化和等值线分析,可以快速和准确地诊断出故障位置和故障程度.最后,运用给水管网局部破坏状态下水力分析的算法求解一个小型给水管网.     

给水管网新增压力监测点优化布置方法

供水管网系统中的压力监测点能够实时读取压力数据,广泛用于管网的水力模型校核及运行状况监控。在供水管网系统原有压力监测点的基础上,在什么位置选择以及选择多少个新增压力监测点是供水企业最关心的问题。提出了一种给水管网新增压力监测点优化布置方法并用于实际供水管网系统,结果表明,与人工经验方法相比,该方法能够更科学合理地选择压力监测点数量及位置。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的城市给水管网可靠性分析

基于蒙特卡罗法对给水管网的可靠性进行了分析.提出了新的可靠度指标计算方法,对管网和各节点分别建立评价指标,并得出了定量的计算结果.通过对可靠性计算结果的分析,能有效识别出给水管网中的关键管段,模拟多管段同时处于故障状态的情况,可以作为给水管网可靠度优化设计的参考.     

基于慢变流理论的管网泄漏检测模型的建立

提出一种基于慢变流理论的给水管网泄漏诊断与定位模型,即首先对管网施加随时间缓慢变化的压力激励,如果管网中存在泄漏,随着压力的不同泄漏程度也不一样,进而影响到管网中其他节点压力和管段流量等参数的变化;依据系统辨识反问题分析方法,实时监测管网监测点处的状态参数,运用贝叶斯算法对模型的预测参数——泄漏位置和泄漏量的概率值大小进行寻优,寻找模型计算值与测量值之间吻合程度最好的预测参数,得到最可能的泄漏位置与泄漏量。通过对算例管网的计算结果表明,采用该模型能够对漏失点和漏失量进行满足概率要求的准确诊断。     

管径在给水管网故障率定量模型构建分析

根据南方某市供水管网属性数据和故障统计数据,对管网爆管和泄漏的影响因素进行权重分析,提出在生产实践中管径可作为管网故障的关键表征因素。在此基础上借助SPSS软件建立了基于管径单因素的管道故障率模型．该模型在管径400mm处分段构建,平均误差3．18％,拟合精度良好。该模型定量阐释管径因素在管网故障诊断中的作用。并提出可将故障率模型作为约束条件引入大型给水管网的优化设计过程。对管径在给水管网故障控制中的关键作用进行了有益的探索。     

给水管网的分形特征研究

在研究给水管网分形维数的基础上,结合我国不同地区的给水管网分析了给水管网的分形规律.从功能、结构和自相似性三方面,同自然界中广泛存在的具有分形特征的物质流输送系统进行比较,阐述了给水管网的分形特征.并基于盒计数法提出了给水管网分形维数的计算方法,计算了实例管网的分形维数.计算结果表明给水管网是分形体,具有分形特征.同时,分析了影响给水管网分形维数的因素并构建了给水管网分形维数的计算方程.     

计算机辅助设计动态给水管网模型

运用计算机建立给水管网动态模型不但能完成静态的数据分析和系统设计 ,还可以实现对给水管网的动态分析和仿真 ,从而实时获取管网系统在不同供水需求以及极端用水条件下的状况。讨论了国内现有的管网模型和应用情况 ,并详细介绍了国外专业软件WaterCAD。     

城市给水管网实用优化分区探讨与实践

提出了给水管网实用优化分区的概念。在水力模拟计算的基础上,结合我国城市给水管网系统实际情况,对城市给水管网进行分区,然后在分区的基础上再通过水力模拟计算进一步确定其合理性并完善方案。阐述了给水管网实用优化分区步骤,包括选择区域系统阶层数、划定区域规模、确定进水点数目和位置、划定区域边界等。将其应用于某大城市实际管网,取得了良好的效果。     

建立给水管网动态模型中的水量分析方法

本文按《售水量用水性质分类标准说明》将用户进行分类，通过现场测试和利用水量平衡的原理，绘制了各类用户的用水模式曲线，基于测试天的用水数据，用不同的用水系数预示不同类用户未来一天的用水量，使管网动态模型模拟未来的一天；建立了给水管网动态模型中的水量分析方法，这一方法已经应用于上海市及英国的给水管网建模中的水量分析。     

浅议住宅“小区”给水管网的设计

本文根据“小区”离城市的远近和市政供水的不同状况,较系统地分析、介绍了不同“小区”给水管网的设计方法和步骤。并对目前室内给水管网设计中按最高日最高五分钟平均秒流量计算,和室外给水管网设计中按最高日最高时平均秒流量计算间的衔接问题,提出了新的计算方法。     

Water Distribution System Reliability Based on Minimum Cut – Set Approach and the Hydraulic Availability

Reliability analysis of water distribution systems is a complex task, as it requires both definition and calculation of several reliability measures. In this paper, a methodology for evaluating water distribution system reliability is developed and demonstrated on a simple water distribution network based on the minimum cut-set approach. In general, the definition of the minimum cut-set can arise either from the mechanical reliability or from the concept of hydraulic reliability. In the case of mechanical reliability, a new method based on graph theory is developed, in order to determine the minimum cut-set. This method is based on the counting of paths between nodes. Furthermore, the general concept of reliability is proposed, to include apart from the mechanical reliability, more generally, the pressure availability at nodes as a main hydraulic property. Based on the pressure availability, the sense of hydraulic availability can be expressed as a fuzzy set, while the combination of the water unavailability of the nodes can be achieved by using fuzzy averaging aggregator. Finally, an overall reliability index is proposed based on both the hydraulic and the mechanical reliability. An illustrative example is developed to indicate the methodology.     

管网故障水力瞬变检测实验系统研发

为克服传统管网故障检测系统模型校验误差较大及基于恒定流模型检测的不足,尝试基于瞬变流模型方法设计开发一种能够兼顾模拟泄漏孔、局部阻塞在内的管网实验平台系统,用于水力建模的校验测试和故障检测,并提出相应故障辨识方法。该平台包括常规供水水箱、简单管网、实验控制系统、变速泵、管网故障模拟装置、低强度瞬变流激发器等,以RSView组态软件为基础研发了管网故障水力检测实验平台的SCADA系统,实现水位、流量、压力和阀门激励动作等计算机自动控制以及实时监测和采集。其中新的可控式低强度瞬变流激发器可取代传统阀门,能够产生阀门关闭激发瞬变水击波的类似效果,克服了传统管道试验平台末端关阀造成的水锤压力波动过大和不易控制的缺点。该实验平台拓展了管网实验室故障控制模拟和检测的思路,为支撑和推广实用化的智慧供水管网及故障检测技术研究提供了手段。     

FAULT CAUSED BY WATER PRESSURE IN THE HEAD-COVER CHAMBER

1. INTRODUCTION It is relatively rare that the fault is caused by the high water pressure in the head-cover chamber of the hydroelectric unit[1,2]. It took place in the upgrading test of the No.1 unit of Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant. Through the experiment …     

TWO-PROCEDURE OF MODEL RELIABILITY-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

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An Optimization Model for Crucial Key Pipes and Mechanical Reliability: A Case Study on a Water Distribution System in Taiwan

This study develops a new method to calculate the water distribution system’s mechanical reliability and locates crucial pipes by using the minimum cut-sets method, exhaustive enumeration method and an optimal allocation model. First, a full domain optimization model was established to analyze the water distribution system. Next, the minimum cut-sets method and exhaustive enumeration method were used to discover the water distribution system’s key pipes. At last, water distribution system’s mechanical reliability can be calculated. The major contributions are that we can use optimal allocation model to locate crucial pipelines in the water distribution whose failure will severely impair the source-demand connectivity. Besides, we can calculate water distribution system’s mechanical reliability. Thus we can offer these results for hydraulic construction funds consulting. The developed methodology is applied to a water distribution system in Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.     

简析水情自动测报系统的管理和维护

随着世界各国对水利事业的日益重视和科技的不断进步,水情自动测报系统在我国水文、防汛和水库调度领域也得到了广泛的应用。为了使其有效发挥作用,对系统进行日常管理和维护就显得十分重要。文章结合实践,主要就系统运行过程中的管理和维护方法,以及系统发生故障时如何分析、判断和处理进行了经验总结,有助于系统更好地发挥作用。     

Leakage Detection Using Smart Water System: Combination of Water Balance and Automated Minimum Night Flow

This paper presents a methodology for the application of the Smart Water technology to detect water leakage. This methodology consists in the use of the traditional water balance method together with the minimum night flow approach. This procedure has been applied to a large-scale pilot project conducted at the Scientific Campus of the University of Lille, which is the size of a small town. The water network of the campus is monitored by a set of sensors that record and transmit, in real-time, the hydraulic parameters of the water system. Analysis of real-time data has allowed the verification of water balance and the estimation of water losses level in the network. The paper presents an improvement of the application of the minimum night flow method, which is based on the determination of flow thresholds. A leak alarm is generated if the night flow exceeds the thresholds. This data analysis methodology provides the capability to detect the pipe bursts quickly, thereby reducing the runtime of leakage. The application of the improved method allowed the detection of 25 unreported leaks and decreased the Non-Revenue Water (NRW) level by 36%.     

水轮发电机组故障信号检测及小波去噪研究

小波分析是一种全新的时－频分析技术。本充分利用故障特征信号，系统运行信号和噪声其二进小波变换模的极大值在不同尺度下的传播特性不同，研究了一种简单而有效的水轮发电机组故障信号检测与信号消噪方法。     

天荒坪蓄能电站7号支洞漏水处理工程

天荒坪电站7号支洞2号堵头发生局部喷水,分析与F810断层渗水有关,因此决定在检修期间利用输水系统放空,采用高压灌泉,对F810断层进行灌浆处理,提高施工支洞堵头围岩的完整性,将渗漏水进行阻截与疏导.漏水处理过程中遇到的各种特殊情况及采用方法在抽水蓄能电站中具有一定的代表性,同时施工中的各项对比试验成果,可供其他漏水处理工程借鉴与参考.     

Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance of Water Distribution System for Sustainable Management

Understanding hydraulic performance of water distribution system is crucial for sustainable management of a water supply system. In this paper, a case study of hydraulic performance was evaluated using WaterGEMS hydraulic model integrated with GIS at Tulu Bolo town. The WaterGEMS hydraulic model was calibrated (R²=0.93) using measured data at 10 randomly selected nodes. Results of the analysis show that 92.6% of nodes reached optimized pressure ranging between 15m to 70m and about 1.27% are under permissible pressure while the remaining nodes have above the permissible pressure. The velocity of water in the pipes of the distribution system were found to be within the standard range from 0.2 to 2m/s which covers 82.7% (162 out of 196 pipes). Hence, the implementation of the WaterGEMs hydraulic model integrated approach with GIS enabled to estimate the pressure and velocity of the system with better accuracy and this will be helpful for sustainable management of the water distribution system.