南水北调中线穿黄工程对河势与防洪影响的试验研究

穿黄倒虹吸工程是南水北调中线的关键性和控制性工程,而工程所在河段又是典型的游荡性河道,河床演变情况极其复杂,因此研究工程对河道的影响具有重要意义.通过实体模型试验,对工程修建后对所在河段河势与防洪的影响进行了分析研究,为工程设计提供了科学依据.     

Sustainability issues and technology choice in irrigation investment

This paper discusses the concept of sustainability and its relevance in assessing technology choice issues in irrigation investment appraisal. Although, sustainable agricultural development is a desirable goal, the concept cannot lead to practical project appraisal recommendations unless it is properly defined and it is introduced in the project evaluation process as a set of selection rules. This paper discusses the concepts of sustainable development and project sustainability, and continues with rules that can be used in the project selection process to examine: (a) ecological; (b) operational; and (c) financial sustainability of projects. The paper concludes that sustainability is a useful concept to use in analysing alternative options for technical, organizational and economic issues in irrigation project appraisal.     

黄河防洪工程项目管理实践

在黄河防洪工程项目管理实践中,针对项目管理的质量、工期、投资等主要内容,引入“以人为本”和“以制管理”的理念,指出项目管理的要点为：①确保工程建设质量;②保汪工程项目严格按照计划进行;③有效控制项目成本;④综合平衡,力求工程项目系统目标最优;⑤项目实施过程中加强沟通与协作;⑥加强风险预测和管理;⑦建立完整的项目管理文档。     

南水北调西线工程供水目标及范围

确定合理的供水目标和范围是调水工程可行与否的重要依据。根据西线总体规划，南水北调工程总调水规模约170亿m^3，其中第一期调水40亿m^3，第二期调水50亿m^3，第三期调水80亿m^3。在对黄河流域及邻近地区缺水形势和性质分析的基础上，提出西线调水的供水范围为黄河上中游的六省（区）及其邻近地区，供水对象主要为工业生活和生态环境用水，并对西线调水进行了初步配置。     

Estimating the Economic Value of Landscape Losses Due to Flooding by Hydropower Plants in the Chilean Patagonia

This paper presents a contingent valuation study concerning landscape impacts generated by the construction of one dam (Baker 1) of the HIDROAYSEN hydropower project located in the Chilean Patagonia. A survey was used to collect information about citizens’ opinions towards the hydropower project in four major cities in Chile. Specifically, a One-and-One-Half-Bound (OOHB) willingness to pay eliciting format was applied to capture citizens’ WTP. The economic loss, associated to the landscape impacts for people living in urban areas of the country, is found to be approximately US$ 205 million, which is nearly 28% of the total investment. Our results also show that the cities’ distance from the dam affects citizens’ willingness to pay.     

三峡三期工程大坝及厂房施工提前方案研究

在简要介绍三峡三期工程情况和工程建设单位总体要求的基础上，给出了对三峡三期工程大坝、厂房施工提前方案的研究，分析了提前方案的重点和难点，提出了提前方案实施的主要条件和措施。最后结果表明，三峡三期工程施工提前一年是可行的。     

吉林中部供水工程关键技术问题综述

吉林中部供水工程输水干线线路全长263.45 km,其中隧洞长133.98 km,管线PCCP(钢管、现浇涵)长129.47 km。针对该工程中的关键技术问题:分水枢纽类型、超长有压隧洞技术、TBM选型、隧洞穿越灰岩地区技术、水下岩塞爆破技术、隧洞预应力衬砌技术、直径5.1 m预应力涵技术等,结合中部供水工程的实际情况,从工程实例、技术可行性等方面进行了阐述。分水枢纽选择了调压井类型;总干线有压隧洞长为97.62 km;现浇预应力涵长为2.26 km;采用直线穿灰岩线路隧洞;选择开敞式TBM施工;根据隧洞覆盖层的特点,对15段衬砌应按抗裂设计考虑,采用预应力衬砌,衬砌段总长为14.756 km。工程规模巨大,特别是总干线超长有压隧洞为国内首例,又穿越灰岩地区,这在东北地区尚无先例,其勘察、试验、科学研究和专题研究还有待深入开展,为工程的决策提供重要技术支撑。     

Lessons from an examination by experts of the Katun hydroelectric station project

Conclusion Rejection of the Katun hydrostation project is due not to technical or ecological shortcomings of the project but to political motives and public pressure, which was promoted by the absence of standards for project and examination activities under the current ecological conditions.The joint solution of controversial social and ecological problems with the population and public of Gornyi Altai during modification of the project provided successful adaptation of the project.Activation of contacts between Mintopénergo and Minpriroda RF for finding mutually acceptable solution is necessary.There is a need to develop and regulate standards for project and examination activities, including the solution of controversial social and ecological problems and adaptation of the project in the region and at the center. The experience of project planning and examination of the Katun hydrostation project could serve as the basis for forming such standards.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 12–19, October, 1993.     

我国水利工程建设与管理

新中国成立以来，水利工程建设得到了飞速发展，取得了举世瞩目的成就，水利工程管理正逐步走上法制化、规范化和现代化的轨道，尽管如此，我国水利工程建设与管理仍存在如下三方面的问题：一是已建水利工程中有不少标准偏低，工程质量差，不能满足防洪兴利需要；二是长期的“重建轻管”使水利工程管理手段落后，技术水平低，影响水利工程建设及其效益的发挥；三是水利工程建设还跟不上国民经济和社会及环境发展的需要，目前水利已成为经济社会发展的制约因素，针对存在的问题，提出需要研究15项关键技术，包括：（1）深覆盖层堤坝地基渗流控制技术；（2）堤防崩岸机理研究、预报及处理措施；（3）水利工程老化及病险问题研究；（4）水利工程监测技术，等等。     

三峡工程的近况和展望

三峡工程从勘测、设计、科研到开工，经历了几代人的辛勤劳动，做了大量工作。目前，前期施工准备工程已全面展开，工程进展顺利，形非常好，围绕着三峡工程的管理、资金筹措、技术设计等项工作都在向更高的水平发展。这一切为三峡工程的正式开工奠定了基础。三峡工程的建设也必将促进长江中上游水电的开发。     

Pricing and Water Resource Allocation Scheme for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China

The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD-ER) project is a massive-scale interbasin system to transfer water from the Yangtze River to North China. With the infrastructure construction close to completion, the project is now faced with many complicated operations management problem at different levels. The problems are unique in that, on the one hand, the project is expected to be financially self-sustainable by charging water usages, and on the other hand, the water price is regulated for its nature as a social product. One such problem is to achieve a rational water allocation among different users by appropriate pricing schemes. In this paper, we study how to use a two-tier pricing scheme to balance the water allocation by using a Stackelberg game model. From the study, we find that (1) the Stackelberg game always has equilibrium solutions to balance the benefit of every party in the system, which implies that the two-tier pricing scheme can effectively coordinate the water allocation; (2) the two-tier pricing scheme can also result in multiple desirable by-products such as encouraging the implementation of water saving mechanism and giving the local water users certain priority; and (3) the government can adjust the pricing parameters to control and balance the profit of every party. As such we conclude that the two-tier pricing scheme is an effective way that integrates both the government control and market powers to ensure the public interest and the economic benefit, which is suitable for SNWD-ER project.     

东平湖水库移民开发建设的实践与思路

东平湖水库是处理黄河下游洪水的一项重要工程，建于１９５８年。１９６３年改变运用方式后，移民大量返车、遗留问题增多、群众生产、生活困难。自１９８６年实施移民遗留问题处理一期规划以来，移民安置与开发工作取得了明显成效，改变了库区移民的贫困面貌。具体做法是：（１）加强组织领导：（２）坚持走开发性移民的路子；（３）加强项目管理；（４）健全经费管理制度；（５）实施科技兴库战略；（６）建立库区开发服务体系；（     

水利项目动态风险分析方法及应用研究

风险管理应贯穿于整个项目管理过程,并不断对风险因素进行分析、判断和监控并作出应对策略或措施即需对项目实施动态的风险管理。本文结合大型水利项目的风险特点,运用全寿命理论,探讨基于工作分解结构(WBS)与风险分解结构(RBS)相结合辨识风险因素,进而对辨识的风险因素实施风险评价、风险监督和控制,降低项目实施不确定风险。文中还通过工程实例对提出的风险方法加以印证,以探寻该方法的现实意义。     

全美灌溉系统衬砌工程及其争议

中央业利桑那调水工程达到输水规模后，南加州市政水管区有权利用的科罗拉多河水量大幅降低。为补偿南加州市政水管区的供水损失，加州政府计划对全美灌渠实施衬砌，并将由此节约下来的绝大部分水量分配给南加州市政水管区。由于该衬砌丁程将影响到墨西卡利河谷地区的地下水开发量，遭到墨西哥政府的强烈反对，由此引发了美、墨双方的争议。主要介绍了科罗拉多河分水协议、全美灌溉系统衬砌工程和由此引发的争议及争议调解的结果。     

三峡工程建设促进长江航运可持续发展

三峡水利枢纽规模宏大，举世瞩目，具有巨大的防洪、发电、航运等综合效益，是开发治理长江的骨干工程。三峡工程已于2003年6月蓄水、永久船闸通航，7月第一批机组发电；2006年5月大坝全线浇筑到顶185m，10月蓄水到156m；2009年全部工程竣工投产。三峡水库已初步形成，随着蓄水位上升，库容加大，川江急流险滩尽行淹没，长江航运效益将日益显著。三峡工程建设将促进长江航运可持续发展，促进长江流域经济、社会、资源与环境相互协调和可持续发展，促进中国经济的进一步腾飞。     

Evaluation and improvement of the environmental impact mitigation plan of a hydropower project in Thailand

Although the local people agreed to the Lam Ta Khong project before implementation, they complained about project impacts and demanded compensation after 70% of the construction was completed. In evaluating the environmental impact mitigation plan (EIMP) for the project, we find a number of weaknesses in implementation. These include insufficient monitoring records and lack of proper channels of appeal; an ineffective approach to mitigating the adverse effects of land occupation; and poor management of the cooperative. We propose an EIMP management system to address these problems and make a number of recommendations aimed at avoiding problems such as those encountered at Lam Ta Khong.     

The South-North Water Transfer Project in China

Abstract

After nearly half a century of planning, the construction of the controversial south-tonorth water transfer (SNWT) project in China was officially launched just before the end of 2002. This paper looks into the decision-making process of the project in the context of the country's transition from a centrally-planned economy to a market economy, rapid economic development, and severe environmental degradation. Uncertainties concerning future water demand in individual sectors are examined with reference to the latest projection prior to the launch of the project. Adjustment of project objectives and shift of the focal issues concerned over the years are elaborated. The analysis suggests a high degree of uncertainty in future water demand. The expansion of project objectives to include ecosystem recovery in the late 1990s, however, provided a decisive argument for implementing the project as no other alternative was considered available to meet the estimated ecosystem water requirement. Consequently, remaining doubts on the need for the project and concerns on adverse environmental impacts have tended to be sidelined. With the implementation of the project, the government is caught in a dilemma of keeping water prices low to substantiate the economic needs and improving water use efficiency to honor the environmental objective of the project.     

Resettlement in the Sardar Sarovar Project: A Cause Vitiated

The rights of poor people of developing countries are a delicate and controversial issue. The state resents any western intervention for human rights, more so when it concerns developmental work. For a change, the state of Gujarat relented in the face of local-international NGO pressure to effect better resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) policy. The state retreated from a haughty position of being the solely legitimate guardian of tribal interests. The triumph was short lived, however. A new national-international alliance emerged and turned R&R into a means to stall the project. The World Bank Independent Review strengthened the manoeuvre immensely. The state reverted to its old corrupt ways. The R&R remains precarious and the viability of the project is endangered.     

The Social Structure in the GAP Region and its Evolution

GAP is an integrated multisectoral development project implemented in south-east Turkey, which makes up 9.7% of the country. With its technical, economic and social dimensions, it is considered in western circles as one of the three to nine wonders of the modern world. As distinct from earlier projects implemented in Turkey (e.g. the Cukurova Plain project) and elsewhere in the world, the main objective of GAP is to improve the living conditions of the people not merely by developing the material infrastructure but by taking the people as the core factor in every component of the project. The sustainability of such projects, it is well realized, depends on the human dimension, and not on success in the achievement of the material goals alone. Within this framework, several sociological research studies were conducted in the region to determine the appropriate approach in making the people a vital component of GAP and in bringing them to participate in the project voluntarily. This article first gives a historical account of nomadic, i.e., 'tribal' (or ashiret ) aspects of Anatolian history, without which neither the past nor the present of Turkey can be adequately understood . 1 It then proceeds to summarize the findings, regarding the 'tribal' structure in the region, of the several research studies carried out in the region between 1992 and 1994 .     

充分发挥建设单位核心主导作用 创建优质工程

公伯峡水电站建设过程中，充分发挥了建设单位的核心主导作用，加强安全生产，文明施工和工程质量管理，争创优质工程，建设单位主要抓了以下方面的工作：健全机制，完善制度，建立全过程的安全生产管理机制；强化文明施工意识，营造文明施工氛围，树立项目管理新形象，重视环保水保，改善施工环境；加强设计审查，搞好设计优化，建立健全质量管理体系，加强过程控制，确保工程质量；树立创优意识，工艺精求精；提高服务意识，树立业主新形象，公伯峡水电站工程正在紧张，有序地建设中。