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1.
基于GA-BP与多隐层BP网络模型的水质预测及比较分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用循环算法确定最佳BP神经网络结构,建立BP神经网络水质模型进行预测.鉴于BP神经网络学习收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值等缺点,在相同网络结构及期望误差等条件下,运用GA优化BP神经网络初始权值和阈值,构建GA-BP以及多隐层BP神经网络水质预测模型,以云南省某水库总氮预测为例进行预测与比较分析.结果表明:①GA-BP网络水质模型预测精度高于基本BP网络,表明遗传算法能有效优化BP网络初始权值和阈值.②增加BP神经网络隐层数能进一步提高网络预测精度,但训练时间也随着延长.③GA-BP及多隐层BP可作为提高网络预测精度的有效方法,二者均可用于水质预测预报,可为水质预测预报提供新的途径和方法.相对而言,GA-BP模型收敛速度快、预测精度高,具有一定的计算优势.  相似文献   

2.
为提高径流预测预报的精度和泛化能力,建立了基于3种基本改进算法的BP神经网络集成预测模型。利用ADF单位根检验方法、自相关分析方法确定径流时间序列的平稳性和模型的输入向量。针对BP神经网络标准算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值的缺陷,采用自适应动量梯度法、共轭梯度法和Levenberg-Marquardt法分别改进BP神经网络标准算法,依次构建基于3种改进算法的BP神经网络模型对文山州南利河董湖水文站年径流进行预测,并构建GA-BP预测模型作为对比模型;采用加权平均方法对各单一模型预测结果进行综合集成。结果表明:集成模型对南利河2001-2005年径流预测平均相对误差绝对值为4.67%,最大相对误差绝对值为7.11%,精度和泛化能力均优于各单一模型和GA-BP模型。集成模型克服了单一模型预测精度不高和误差不稳定的缺点,具有较好的预测精度和泛化能力,是提高径流预测预报精度的有效方法。  相似文献   

3.
针对多元变量需水预测模型中变量之间普遍存在多重共线性问题以及BP神经网络收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值等缺点,将相空间重构原理及遗传算法(GA)引入BP神经网络需水预测模型中,提出基于相空间重构原理的GA-BP城市需水预测模型,并对上海市需水预测进行实例分析。实例分析结果表明:GA-BP模型对上海市2005—2009年的年用水量预测平均相对误差绝对值和最大相对误差绝对值分别为1.4344%和2.7672%,对2010—2011年的年需水量预测相对误差分别为0.5136%和0.0270%,精度均优于BP神经网络预测模型;基于相空间重构原理的GA-BP需水预测模型具有较好的预测精度和泛化能力,是提高需水预测精度和泛化能力的有效方法。  相似文献   

4.
为提高径向基神经网络(RBF)在年径流预测中精度,提出基于Adaboost算法及线性递减算法改进的RBF-Adaboost预测模型,以云南省姑老河站年径流预测为例进行实例研究,并构建RBF、GA-BP及BP模型作为对比模型.利用实例前34年和后20年资料对所构建的模型进行训练和预测.结果表明:改进RBF-Adaboost模型对实例后20年年径流预测的平均相对误差绝对值和最大相对误差绝对值分别为4.83%、9.51%,预测精度优于RBF、GA-BP及BP模型.RBF-Adaboost模型集成了多个基于扩展系数及期望误差线性递减改进的RBF神经网络弱预测器,有效提高了RBF神经网络模型在年径流预测中的精度,模型具有预测精度高、泛化能力强等优点.  相似文献   

5.
基于遗传神经网络的城市用水量预测研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
介绍了BP(误差反向传播算法)和GA(遗传算法)及GA-BP 3种神经网络,并以此分别对城市用水量进行预测.实验结果表明,基于GA-BP算法的神经网络方法应用于城市用水量的预测问题,能采用遗传学习算法优化BP神经网络模型的初始权重,即先利用遗传学习算法进行全局训练,再用BP算法进行精确训练,使网络收敛速度加快和避免局部极小.GA-BP神经网络在收敛速度和预测精度等方面均优于BP和GA网络,从而为未来短期城市用水量负荷的准确预测提供了新的思路与方法.  相似文献   

6.
改进Elman神经网络在径流预测中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对传统静态前馈神经网络动态性能较差的缺点,提出一种基于遗传算法(GA)优化Elman神经网络连接权值的GA-Elman多元变量年径流预测模型.以新疆伊犁河雅马渡站径流预测为例进行实例分析,并构建传统Elman,传统BP和GA-BP多元变量年径流预测模型作为对比模型,预测结果与文献IEA-BP网络模型预测结果进行对比.结果表明:①GA-Elman模型的拟合及预测效果略优于文献IEA-BP模型,该模型用于多元变量年径流预测是合理可行的,具有较好的预测精度和泛化能力.②在相同网络结构及传递函数等条件下,GA-Elman模型的预测精度和泛化能力优于GA-BP模型,传统Elman模型优于传统BP模型,表明具有适应时变特性的Elman反馈动态递归网络预测性能优于BP网络;GA能有效优化Elman神经网络连接权值,使网络的预测精度和泛化能力有了较大提高.  相似文献   

7.
针对碾压混凝土现场压实程度的实时工艺评价需求,选择含湿率、碾压层表面应力横波波速、级配以及胶砂比为预测参数,构建了GA-BP神经网络压实度预测模型;结合现场应用实例,验证该方法实时预测评价的有效性。结果表明:与BP神经网络模型比较,GA-BP神经网络模型不仅预测精度更高,而且偏差波动范围更小,稳定性好,能更准确有效地预测现场碾压层混凝土压实性;GA-BP神经网络模型对碾压混凝土压实度下限值更敏感,压实度处于93%~96%的样本点,模型预测值的平均误差仅为0.08%,最大误差仅为0.17%,预测精度很高。  相似文献   

8.
小波神经网络模型在河道流量水位预测中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
鉴于BP神经网络学习收敛速度慢、参数选择困难、易陷入局部极值等缺点,提出小波神经网络河道流量水位预测模型,以盘龙河天保站流量水位预测为例进行分析。采用循环算法确定最佳BP神经网络结构,并在相同网络结构及期望误差等条件下,运用GA优化BP神经网络初始权值和阈值,构建传统BP、GA-BP神经网络河道流量水位预测模型作为对比预测模型。结果表明:小波神经网络结合了神经网络与小波分解在函数逼近上的优点,其预测精度高于传统BP和GA-BP网络模型,表明小波神经网络用于河道流量水位预测是合理可行和有效的,可为水文预测预报提供新的途径和方法。且小波神经网络模型具有计算简便、逼近能力强、收敛速度快,能有效避免局部极值等特点,有着广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
建立了以经验模态分解法(EMD)和果蝇算法(FOA)优化BP神经网络为基础的EMD-FOA-BP大坝变形预测模型,该模型首先利用EMD将大坝变形序列分解成相对平稳的分量,再根据各分量的特点构造不同FOA-BP模型并进行预测,叠加各分量预测值得到最终预测结果。结果表明,EMD-FOA-BP模型的自适应能力、学习能力及非线性映射能力较强,在大坝变形预测应用中能有效提高精度,预测精度较FOA-BP模型有所提高,且明显优于BP神经网络模型和GA-BP模型。  相似文献   

10.
针对粗粒土渗透性能受颗粒级配、密实程度等因素影响而呈现明显差异,提出一种粗粒土渗透系数预测方法。收集并整理得到93组粗粒土数据,以全级配(d10~d100)和孔隙比作为BP神经网络的输入变量,利用遗传算法优化BP神经网络的初始权值与阀值,构建基于BP神经网络和遗传算法的粗粒土渗透系数预测模型。结果表明:该GA-BP神经网络经过55次迭代之后精度满足要求;87组训练样本预测结果的平均相对误差为5.10%,其中有75%的样本相对误差小于平均相对误差;6组检测样本预测结果的平均相对误差为6.39%,该网络模型泛化性能良好。采用GA-BP神经网络,由全级配和孔隙比能较好地预测粗粒土的渗透系数,且收敛速度、预测精度及泛化性能均优于标准的BP神经网络模型。  相似文献   

11.
The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 106 t CO2eq km2 per year, or 24 × 106 t CO2eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO2eq MWh?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO2eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO2eq MWh?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.  相似文献   

13.
根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。  相似文献   

14.
Call for Papers     
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.  相似文献   

15.
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).  相似文献   

16.
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.  相似文献   

17.
Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.  相似文献   

18.
岩石动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用新近发展起来的拉伸式Hopkinson冲击装置(SHTB),对岩石切口圆柱断裂试样进行了动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究。同时,利用MTS试验机进行了岩石的静态拉伸断裂实验,成功地获得了岩石试样的断裂韧度及断裂能随加载率而变化的实验结果。对静态和动态破坏后的试样断口进行的扫描电镜观察进一步表明,试样断口形貌的复杂程度与其断裂耗能有着十分密切的联系。  相似文献   

19.
River regulation in the headwaters and middle reaches of the Gunnison River, Colorado, significantly altered distributions and abundances of Trichoptera fauna. Twenty-five species were collected from mainstream samples, with the greatest species richness occurring at an unregulated, rhithron segment above the central reach dams. At sites immediately below the three hypolimnial-release dams and a reregulation dam, species richness was reduced 35–90 per cent and abundance > 95 per cent. Net-spinning caddisflies were the dominant trichopterans at unregulated sites; Arctopsyche grandis in the upper reaches (218 organisms, 586 mg dry mass m?2) and Hydropsyche cockerelli, H. occidentalis and Cheumatopsyche pettiti in the lower river (9041 total organisms, 6621 mg m?2), downstream from the last dam. The observed distributional pattern of low trichopteran densities in dam tailwaters and high hydropsychid densities at sites 60–80 km below the central reach dams is a classic expression of continuum resets and adjustments in response to stream regulation as predicted by the Serial Discontinuity Concept.  相似文献   

20.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.  相似文献   

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