东辽河河道内生态需水量分析计算

针对东辽河流域水资源短缺、地下水过度超采、河道干涸、断流、河流水体污染等主要生态问题,分析了河道内生态需水量的计算方法,计算了王奔、二龙山两个水文站控制断面的河道内生态环境需水量。     

河道生态需水量计算方法综述

针对现阶段河道污染越来越严重,河道干枯,提出了河道生态需水量的计算方法,并对其优缺点进行了探讨,对河道生态需水量的计算方法存在的问题进行了分析.     

生态水力半径法计算河道内生态需水量研究

生态需水的研究已成为国内外地球科学领域普遍关注的一个热点问题.在理论研究的基础上,根据雅砻江干流独特的生态环境与环境保护目标,采用包括水文和生物两方面信息的生态水力半径法,计算了雅砻江干流温波、甘孜、雅江3站各年河道内生态需水量,其结果基本上处于Tennant法所设定的最小和适宜生态需水量之间;设定的计算标准主要考虑当地水生生物生活习性及气候特点,符合当地河流生态与环境条件,因此应用生态水力半径法来计算河道内生态需水量是可行的.     

水库下游河道生态需水量分析计算

根据孟家沟水库流域52年天然径流资料,分析水库下游河道的最小生态需水量、适宜生态需水量,为水库兴利调节中生态需水量的确定提供了依据。     

河道内基本生态环境需水量计算方法研究

总结了目前国内外较为常用的河道内基本生态环境需水量的计算方法,同时对其进行了分析比较,指出了其优缺点;认为将国外和国内计算方法有机结合并进行合理改进,使之适合国内河道内生态环境需水计算,是今后国内河道内生态环境需水研究的方向之一。     

岫岩县大洋河河道生态需水量计算方法研究

现阶段,研究我国河道生态需水最适合的方法是水文学法.河道生态需水应符合生态系统对水文条件的季节性要求以及水文气象的季节性特征,人们对生态的认识、流域水资源开发利用需求、河流生态系统等与生态需水目标密切相关.文章以岫岩县大洋河为例,结合流域水热同步、以丰补枯的特征,对各月生态需水量利用改进流量历时保证率法计算,研究成果与...     

黄河上游河道生态需水量研究

建立了河道生态需水量计算模型,把黄河上游分为上、中、下3段,根据黄河沿、玛曲、唐乃亥、安宁渡、青铜峡和头道拐6个水文站1960~1990年系列资料,计算的25%、50%、70%、95%4个水文频率年生态需水量分别为235.811 8亿、230.482 0亿、193.823 8亿m3和166.056 3亿m3,河道内平均年生态需水量为径流量的13%左右。     

河道内生态环境需水量计算方法的研究现状及其改进探讨

从河道内生态环境需水量的基本概念出发,提出河道内生态环境需水量的计算方法问题,认为尺度转换问题是河道内生态环境需水计算的基础;总结了目前国内外较为常用的河道内生态环境需水量的计算方法,同时对其进行了综合比较,指出了其优缺点;认为将国外和国内计算方法有机结合并进行合理改进,使之适合国内河道内生态环境需水计算,是今后国内河道内生态环境需水研究的方向之一。     

浅谈胜利水库下游河道生态需水量计算与分析

文章计算了胜利水库下游河道生态需水量,并对其计算结果进行合理性分析,提出水库不需要采取工程实施,但需完善水库调度运用方案(小型),增加生态泄流调度的建议。     

河道生态环境需水量的计算

河道生态环境需水量是指为改善河道生态环境质量或维护生态环境质量不至于进一步下降时河道生态系统所需要的最少水量，以及在这一水量下生态系统能够容纳的最差水质。河道生态环境需水量为河道蒸发损失量、河道渗漏损失量、河道基础流量三项之和。以大汶河为例计算了各主要河段生态环境需水量。研究结果对提高水资源利用效率、控制河流污染、改善生态环境有着重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

基于生态水力半径法的武江流域生态流量研究

采用综合反映水生生物需求和河道断面信息的生态水力半径法,对武江河上北江特有珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区内的生态流量和生态水位进行估算。结果表明:生态水力半径法计算的生态流量过程线上存在明显的低流量、高流量和流量脉冲等水文要素,符合鱼类的自然需求;天然径流量下生态水力半径法估算的生态需水均可得到满足,但武江上梯级开发较多,需进行生态水位开展闸坝联合调度来保障河道的生态需水,确保犁市(二)站断面处各月份水深不小于平均生态水深。     

A comparison of methods for evaluating instream flow needs for recreation along rivers in southern Alberta,Canada

Four methods were compared for determining recreational instream flow needs (R‐IFN) for paddling canoes, kayaks and rafts on ten river reaches in the Oldman River Basin of southern Alberta. Two flow criteria were evaluated: ‘minimal flow’—the low flow that still provides a reasonable quality river trip; and ‘sufficient flow’—the lower end of the favoured flow range. A voluntary, mail‐in user survey from 1983 to 1997 produced 394 responses (4251 paddler days) relative to flow suitability. An expert judgment approach considered flow recommendations from three regional paddling guides that were considered comprehensive and credible. A flow comparison involved about 20 paddle trips per reach by the authors with differing groups, boats and flows. These subjective approaches produced quite consistent results (r² = 0.63) and these were compared to results from an objective, hydraulic modelling method, the ‘depth, discharge method’ (DDM), that applied stage–discharge functions to determine flows that would satisfy depth criteria of 60 and 75 cm. The DDM minimal flows were closely correlated with the means of the subjective methods (r² = 0.73). Thus, all four approaches produced generally consistent results, indicating that all methods were valid. Typical minimal and sufficient flows were about 15 and 30 m³ s^?1, respectively, for the medium‐sized river reaches that had average annual discharges (mean Q) of about 20 m³ s^?1. A close correlation (r² = 0.90) between the minimal flow and mean Q suggests that mean Q can provide an initial estimate for R‐IFN for rivers of this type and size. We recommend that R‐IFN studies commence with the DDM since it is quick, inexpensive and objectively defensible. This would provide guidelines for subsequent subjective assessments that should involve more than one approach to increase the breadth of subjective consideration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于1960-2018年实测径流与水文学方法的开都河生态流量分析

为科学地确定河流生态流量,保障流域水安全与生态环境健康,基于开都河大山口水文站1960-2018年的实测径流数据,采用Tennant法、典型水文频率年法、最枯月平均流量法和Q_p法等4种水文学方法计算了河流的生态流量,通过对比分析确定基于Tennant法的计算结果最为适宜。计算结果表明：开都河大山口水文站10-翌年3月的平均生态流量应不小于15.60 m³/s,对应最小生态环境需水量为 2.47×10⁸ m³;4-9月的平均生态流量应不小于46.15 m³/s,对应最小生态环境需水量为7.30×10⁸ 　m³,全年生态流量平均不小于30.88 m³/s,对应最小生态环境需水量为9.77×10⁸ 　m³。该生态流量目标可满足开都河大山口至博斯腾湖河段的河道径流损失,保证河流基本生态功能与水生态安全。计算分析结果可为开都河河流生态流量管理提供支撑。     

河道生态需水量研究进展

对国内外河道生态需水的理论研究与计算方法进行了回顾与分析,将河道生态需水量计算方法划分为水文设定法、水力参数法、栖息地模拟法及整体分析法。着重讨论并分析了各种计算方法的理论依据、适用范围、优缺点及其在我国的发展与应用情况。最后,结合我国实际情况对河道生态需水量研究进行了展望。     

太子河流域河道内生态需水分区估算研究

本文基于生态水文学原理,结合流域三生用水格局以及污染源分布格局和污染物排放强度格局,以流域内水生态系统及其影响因素为研究对象,运用GIS技术,对太子河干流水体及其周围陆地所在的空间单元进行分类与整合,生成了11个太子河流域生态需水估算分区,分区内具有相对一致的生态需水特性;在分区的基础上,结195合6—太2子00河8干年流以水及生19态56特—征19,73通年过两水个文实系测列流分量析系,列选,择采小用市水、文本学溪法、对葠观窝音、阁辽水阳库、以小下林的子7个和分唐区马进寨行6个了水逐文月河站道内生态需水估算,估算结果显示了近天然水文情势的生态水量过程变化,有助于太子河干流水环境改善以及水生态恢复;估算的各站年生态需水量占年径流量的30%左右,能够在不影响现有水资源利用格局的前提下,通过合理的水资源优化配置,实现生态需水要求。     

河道基本生态需水的年内展布计算法

基于河流天然径流的变化特征和生态水文过程对径流的年内动态需求,提出了一种新的河道基本生态需水计算方法——生态需水年内展布计算法。该方法选取河流天然径流过程的特征变量来确定与量化同期均值比,并结合多年月均径流过程进行河道基本生态需水量的年内过程计算,弥补了传统水文学法以多年平均径流量的特定百分率或者天然径流量频率曲线上的特定保证率作为水文指标进行生态需水量计算的不足。以淮河干流的河道基本生态需水量年内过程计算为例,并同时与Tennant法、最小月均径流过程作对比。计算结果表明:在Tennant法的评价标准中所对应的河道状态与河道基本生态需水概念界定的生态功能目标相一致,并较好地体现了河流天然径流的年内丰枯变化过程,能够满足河流生态功能目标对径流的实际需求。本文方法计算结果较为合理,符合实际情况。     

河道基本生态需水的年内展布计算法

摘要：基于河流天然径流的变化特征和生态水文过程对径流的年内动态需求，提出了一种新的河道基本生态需水计算方法——生态需水年内展布计算法。该方法选取河流天然径流过程的特征变量来确定与量化同期均值比，并结合多年月均径流过程进行河道基本生态需水量的年内过程计算，弥补了传统水文学法以多年平均径流量的特定百分率或者天然径流量频率曲线上的特定保证率作为水文指标进行生态需水量计算的不足。以计算淮河干流的河道基本生态需水量年内过程为例，说明了计算过程，同时与Tennant法、最小月均径流过程作对比。结果表明：计算结果在Tennant法的评价标准中所对应的河道状态与河道基本生态需水概念界定的生态功能目标相一致，并较好地体现了河流天然径流的年内丰枯变化过程，能够满足河流生态功能目标对径流的实际需求。可见，生态径流年内展布计算法的计算结果较为合理，符合实际情况。     

基于生态补水的缺水河流生态修复研究

为研究河流生态修复所需的补水量和补水关键期,以永定河官厅山峡段为例,采用环境需水量和生态需水量两种方法,计算不同阶段河流生态修复所需的生态水量。结果表明:水文变异后,永定河生态严重退化,实施生态补水迫在眉睫;现状1. 7×10~8m~3补水水量具有一定的积极作用,但不能满足河流正常需水;未来3个典型年(75%、90%和95%)最低的生态补水量为4. 88×10~8、6. 11×10~8和6. 37×10~8m~3,同时推荐3-6月份为生态补水关键期。通过对生态补水量和补水时机的研究,为永定河生态修复提供一定的理论依据。     

A survey of methods for setting minimum instream flow standards in the Caribbean basin

To evaluate the current status of instream flow practices in streams that drain into the Caribbean Basin, a voluntary survey of practising water resource managers was conducted. Responses were received from 70% of the potential continental countries, 100% of the islands in the Greater Antilles, and 56% of all the Caribbean island nations. Respondents identified ‘effluent discharges’, ‘downstream water quality’ and ‘existing extraction permits’ to be the most common sources of instream flow conflicts. In 75% of the countries, some type of ‘formal procedures’ exist for reviewing permit applications for freshwater extraction. In 82% of the countries, effluent discharge permits state the amount of effluent that can be discharged into a water body while only 69% require that surface water extraction permits explicitly state the quantity of water that can be extracted. In setting instream flow requirements, record low flow is used over 83% of the time. Freshwater fish were identified as the most important aquatic organism but no country ‘always’ considers the ecology or habitat requirements of aquatic species in their instream flow determinations and nearly 70% of the respondents indicated that multivariate, ecological‐based methods are ‘never’ used in their country. Survey responses also indicate there is a notable lack of public involvement during the issuing of water permits. Moreover, over 80% of the countries do not provide public announcements or hearings during the permit process. In summary, this survey indicates that while there is a widespread recognition of the need for instream flows, there is a general lack of regionally based information and public involvement regarding stream flow determination. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进湿周法的贾鲁河河道内生态需水量计算

针对贾鲁河实际情况,选取中牟和扶沟水文站作为控制断面,利用斜率法、曲率法和多目标评价法3种改进湿周法计算分析贾鲁河不同频率年河道内生态需水量。结果表明,采用多目标评价法(r=2)计算结果最大,曲率法最小,中牟断面用多目标评价法(r=2)计算生态需水量较为合理,扶沟断面用斜率法计算生态需水量较为合理。