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1.
20世纪80年代以来,国内外学者对重金属在泥沙颗粒上的吸附、解吸研究都很活跃,且取得了不少成果,研究内容包括吸附动力学方程、泥沙和水环境特征(泥沙粒度、矿物成分、pH值、温度等)对吸附的影响、水体中重金属的化学稳定性等。粗细不同的泥沙对重金属污染物的吸附能力差异很大,泥沙颗粒越细,比表面积越大,吸附能力越强;在同一重金属初始浓度下,重金属从溶液中的去除量随pH值的升高而增加;水体中含沙量增加时,单位泥沙对重金属的吸附量先增加后降低。  相似文献   

2.
不同粒径泥沙解吸重金属污染物静态试验研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从吸附反应动力学方程和质量守恒方程出发,导得静态解吸试验中泥沙剩余吸附量和水相重金属浓度随时间变化的计算公式,并导得泥沙剩余平衡吸附量和水相平衡浓度随泥沙吸附-解吸的特性、泥沙初始重金属吸附量和泥沙浓度变化的计算公式。在此基础上,结合试验进一步研究了不同粒径泥沙解吸重金属污染物的能力。  相似文献   

3.
本文建立了泥沙吸附重金属污染物的随机理论。根据这个吸附理论可以发现对河流泥沙吸附重金属污染物的相对吸附量及其概率密度函数起主要影响的参数是:溶解态重金属污染物浓度G、吸附系数K_1和均方差D。本文还提出了综合参数Z的概念。Z能综合反映参数G、K_1和D的影响。根据汉江、渭河等江河中泥沙吸附重金属离子的实验资料对该随机吸附理论进行了验证,结果表明计算值和实测者吻合较好。  相似文献   

4.
含有重金属的工业废水排放到河道中,通过河道底泥的吸附作用,不断累积到底泥中,对环境和人类健康构成威胁。研究河涌底泥重金属吸附特性,对于解决重金属污染问题具有科学意义和现实价值。该文通过研究泥沙粒径对底泥吸附铜离子的影响规律,分析泥沙粒径对于铜离子的吸附量和吸附速率的影响特征。结果表明:在相同条件下,随着泥沙粒径的增大,泥沙对铜离子吸附速率的贡献率随之增大,粗颗粒泥沙的吸附速度要比细颗粒泥沙的迅速的多;而随着粒径的增大,泥沙对铜离子吸附量的贡献率随之减小,细颗粒泥沙的吸附量则远大于粗颗粒泥沙。  相似文献   

5.
泥沙粒径对重金属污染物吸附影响的研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
本文系统研究了不同粒径泥沙颗粒对重金属污染物的吸附作用,粗细不同的泥沙对重金属污染物的吸附能力差异很大,因此研究天然河流泥沙吸附能力必须考虑泥沙组成的非均匀性和各级泥少的含量,度量泥少量粒吸附能力的标准主要是吸附活性组分的含量,而不仅是粒径大小。  相似文献   

6.
天然河流重金属污染物吸附自净现象的模拟试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对天然河流重金属污染物吸附自净现象,重金属污染支流汇入干流,无重金属污染的挟沙支流汇入重金属污染干流以及泥沙运动方式不同对重金属污染物吸自净的影响进行静态概化模拟试验研究,并采用谐振式紊动模拟装置进一步研究水流紊动条件,泥沙补给条件及泥沙运动方式对重金属污染物吸附自净的影响,研究表明,泥沙运动方式不影响泥沙的吸附等温式参数,在水流紊动强度较小时,泥沙作底泥,吸附速率很小,短时间内对水相浓度的吸  相似文献   

7.
重金属污染物动态吸附试验及数学模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文采用泥沙动力学中Rouse等人用来研究泥沙浓度沿垂线分布的装置。对泥沙吸附重金属污染物进行了动态模拟。试验分有底泥和无底泥两种情况。研究中发现在Rouse装置的水力、泥沙条件下泥沙吸附重金属污染物达到平衡状态需要6小时以上,由极坐标下的重金属迁移转化数学模型方程,在本文具体试验条件下进行数值求解,计算结果和试验结果合良好,说明数学模型是正确合理的试验是可靠的。计算时依据室内静态试验结果,对动态  相似文献   

8.
为研究分相模型中泥沙颗粒吸附重金属的过程,以Langmuir等温式为基础,将泥沙相和重金属相看作两相,通过步进法和UDS方法两种计算方法对泥沙颗粒的吸附过程进行了数值模拟。首先利用Fluent软件将组分输运模型与UDS法相结合,模拟了7种湍流模型下的泥沙吸附过程,所得结果与Langmuir模型对比,验证了该方法的可行性,并选出了吻合度最高的模型。其次,应用选出的模型对不同含沙量、不同粒径泥沙颗粒吸附量和镉离子水相浓度变化趋势进行了模拟。结果表明:含沙量直接影响水体的吸附作用,含沙量越小,吸附作用越弱,吸附速率越慢,浓度小于一定限度时水体吸附作用可忽略不计;不同粒径泥沙在水体中的吸附作用差异明显,但并不能决定泥沙吸附量;UDS方法和步进方法在考虑粒径的影响时计算的吸附量不同,从吸附量的角度来看UDS法更加贴切,从到达动态平衡的角度来看步进法更加吻合。  相似文献   

9.
分析了河流水体污染的机理与污染物特性,针对多沙河流的泥沙污染物迁移转化现象,讨论了泥沙污染物的吸附与解吸效应。同时给出了受泥沙影响的污染物迁移转化模式与模型,包括吸附态、溶解态污染物以及重金属污染物迁移转化模型。探讨了近年在水体污染控制与治理研究方面的主要关键技术,提出了设置水资源保护区的必要性。  相似文献   

10.
自70年代以来,国内外对河流泥沙吸附-解吸重金属污染物进行了广泛的试验研究和实测研究,取得了丰硕的成果,基本上弄清了影响泥沙吸附-解吸重金属污染物的因素,但这些研究大多停留在定性的基础上,推广应用于天然河流解决工程实际问题尚存在一定的困难。本文对此进行总结,并指出目前这一研究存在的不足。实际上,这一问题的研究涉及到环境化学、水力学和泥沙运动力学等专业学科,因此,需要环境工作者和水利工作者共同努力,才能更好地推进这一研究  相似文献   

11.
Sorption of heavy metal on sediment particles is studied theoretically am experimentally. Sorption processes of heavy metal pollutants on sediment particles can b well described by Langmuir model. Parameters in the model b,,k and k1 depend on proper ties of sediment and water, and have nothing to do with sediment concentration. By com bining the sorption dynamic equation and the mass conservation equation, the variation c N(sorption content of heavy metal pollutant by specific weight of sediment) and c (con centration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase) with time can be deduced. Further more, formulas for calculating the equilibrium sorption content N and the equilibriur concentration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase c are established too. Experimenta data well coincide with theoretical formulas. These can be treated as the basis for furthe quantitative study of sediment sorption-desorption characteristics.  相似文献   

12.
生物炭吸附重金属污染物的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
生物炭作为新型吸附剂,其物理化学特性以及其对环境中的重金属污染物的吸附固定被广泛研究。本文主要对生物炭的表征、特性以及其对重金属污染物的吸附固定的机理研究进展进行综述,并扼要对生物炭的研究方向进行了展望,为未来生物炭的应用提供一定的思路。通过文献总结,我们发现重金属在生物炭上的吸附机理的研究仍然存在矛盾之处;生物炭本身重金属毒性的释放研究是未来生物炭还田应用的研究方向;利用化学手段对生物炭进行化学修饰,以提高其吸附的有效性和针对性是在节能环保的前提下,未来生物炭发展的新方向。  相似文献   

13.
针对水库重金属污染及其生态效应问题,分析海河流域北部4座典型水库沉积物中6种重金属(As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)的分布情况,并评价污染物类型的相关性。采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和物种敏感性分布法分析4个水库沉积物中重金属的生态风险。结果表明:沙河水库、密云水库和于桥水库的重金属沉积物生态风险等级为优,官厅水库重金属沉积物生态风险等级为良。不同重金属对5%的底栖生物物种的危害质量分数(HC5)不同,由高到低依次为As(0.210 mg/kg)>Ni(0.071 mg/kg)>Cr(0.052 mg/kg)>Zn(0.050 mg/kg)>Cu(0.006 mg/kg)>Pb(0.005 mg/kg)。研究成果有助于了解水库沉积物中重金属的生态风险,为水库生态管理提供依据。  相似文献   

14.
为探讨河蚬扰动对沉积物中重金属生物有效性与毒性的影响,制作重金属污染的不同质地沉积物(不同有机质含量和不同砂质含量)样品,采用室内模拟并借助间隙水平衡(Peeper)和薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)原位测定手段,试验研究了河蚬扰动作用下沉积物中重金属生物有效性以及毒性的变化特征。结果表明:河蚬扰动促进沉积物中重金属离子向上覆水释放,使上覆水中的Cd质量浓度增大了2%~12%,As增大了2%~198%;河蚬扰动使Cd、As的活性增大,在砂质沉积物中的活性大于有机质沉积物中的活性;河蚬扰动可促使沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的含量降低,进而改变其对沉积物中亲硫金属的结合能力,增强了沉积物中重金属的毒性。  相似文献   

15.
沿太子河布置34个采样断面,取沉积物样品对其重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd)含量进行检测和分析,并应用地积累指数法对太子河沉积物重金属污染进行了评价。结果表明:太子河上游断面(本溪市区段和葠窝水库部分断面)沉积物中重金属含量较高;Cd的污染偏重,Cu和Pb其次,Zn无污染;与10年前相比,太子河本溪市区段重金属污染程度有所缓解。  相似文献   

16.
海河污染研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从水污染研究、沉积物污染研究、水生生态系统研究和模型研究4个方面阐述海河污染研究进展。海河污染研究取得的进展主要包括以下几个方面:表层水溶解氧变化规律和"三氮"污染研究;表层水和表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物和重金属污染及其环境风险研究;水生生态系统和水质模型初步研究。  相似文献   

17.
A literature review shows that more than 500 compounds occur in wetlands, and also that wetlands are suitable for removing these compounds. There are, however, obvious pitfalls for treatment wetlands, the most important being the maintenance of the hydraulic capacity and the detention time. Treatment wetlands should have an adapted design to target specific compounds. Aquatic plants and soils are suitable for wastewater treatment with a high capacity of removing nutrients and other substances through uptake, sorption and microbiological degradation. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to exceed limit values. The studies revealed high values of phenol and SO(4). No samples showed concentrations in sediments exceeding limit values, but fish samples showed concentrations of Hg exceeding the limit for fish sold in the European Union (EU). The main route of metal uptake in aquatic plants was through the roots in emergent and surface floating plants, whereas in submerged plants roots and leaves take part in removing heavy metals and nutrients. Submerged rooted plants have metal uptake potential from water as well as sediments, whereas rootless plants extracted metals rapidly only from water. Caution is needed about the use of SSF CWs (subsurface flow constructed wetlands) for the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as metals are shifted to another environmental compartment, and stable redox conditions are required to ensure long-term efficiency. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals and wetlands have been shown to be a source of methylmercury. Methyl Hg concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt (total mercury). In wetlands polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bisphenol A, BTEX, hydrocarbons including diesel range organics, glycol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), cyanide, benzene, chlorophenols and formaldehyde were found to exceed limit values. In sediments only PAH and PCB were found exceeding limit values. The pesticides found above limit values were atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor, mecoprop, endosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and diuron. There are few water quality limit values of these compounds, except for some well-known endocrine disrupters such as nonylphenol, phtalates, etc.  相似文献   

18.
This paper has the aim to assess the ability of garden derived compost to remove dissolved heavy metal contaminants typically found in stormwater. Compost was found to have excellent chemical and physical properties for the sorption of dissolved metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+). Batch sorption data were used to determine the sorption efficiency of Cu (93%), Zn (88%) and Pb (97%) by compost. The relative sorption affinity of these metals by compost is found to be in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ Zn2+. The effect of different particle size fractions of compost upon the sorption of Cu was also investigated. Sorption conformed to the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm and can be considered favourable because the sorption intensity values obtained in this study are between 0.1 and 1. Compost with a smaller particle size fraction has larger surface areas and greater sorption than the larger particle size fraction. Compost derived from garden waste is efficient for removal of heavy metals from wastewater or treating water for industries.  相似文献   

19.
以黄土高原的典型工业污染河流北洛河为研究对象,测定其干支流 17 个采样点沉积物中的 8 种重金属(Hg、 As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn)质量分数,结合描述性统计结果对重金属的空间分布特征进行分析。进一步利用地 累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分析重金属的污染程度与生态风险,利用 PMF 模型 和相关性分析进行来源解析。结果表明:北洛河上游沉积物中重金属的平均质量分数高于中下游,As、Cd 和 Zn 的均值分别为背景值的 1.26、1.28 和 1.41 倍,Zn、Hg、Cd、Pb、As 和 Cu 的变异系数大于 30%,为高度变异水平。 地累积指数法与内梅罗综合污染指数法显示,北洛河上游 B1处和下游 B13处沉积物中重金属污染处于中高水平; 潜在生态风险指数法显示,单一元素污染危害程度依次为 Cd?>?Hg?>?As?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Zn?>?Cr,整体来看,Cd 和 Hg 的潜在生态危害较大,中游 B10和下游 B13存在中等生态风险,其余点位均为轻微生态风险。来源解析表明,北 洛河沉积物中重金属的 3 个来源分别为交通污染源(30.74%)、煤炭石油类工业污染源(35.51%)及农业活动和自 然母质的混合来源(33.75%)。研究成果可为北洛河沉积物重金属污染的科学治理及流域生态管理提供理论 参考。  相似文献   

20.
During the past two decades, burrowing Hexagenia mayflies have returned to the western basin of Lake Erie. Because of their importance as a prey resource for higher trophic levels and their extensive residence time in potentially contaminated sediment, Hexagenia may be a source of heavy metal transfer. To better understand the distribution and transfer of heavy metals in sediment and mayflies, sediment and mayfly nymphs were collected from 24 locations across the western basin of Lake Erie in May 2007. Following USEPA protocols, samples were analyzed for 16 elements using ICP-OES or ICP-MS. Metal concentrations in the sediments exceeded the Threshold Effect Level for at least one metal at all sample sites. Sediment heavy metal distribution profiles indicate metal concentrations are correlated with organic matter content, and the highest heavy metal concentrations were found in the central deeper region of the western basin where organic content in the sediments was greatest. Hexagenia were distributed throughout the western basin, with greatest density (1350/m2) within the Detroit River plume. The Cd and Zn levels in mayflies were on average approximately 4 and 2 times greater, respectively, than sediment levels, and the Cd concentrations in the sediments exceeded the Threshold Effect Level at 27 of 28 sites and exceeded the Probable Effect Level at 9 of 28 sites. Spatial representation of heavy metal concentrations in mayflies exhibited a similar pattern to the spatial distribution of heavy metals and organic matter in the sediments with higher concentrations of metals found in mayflies residing in the central deeper region of the western basin.  相似文献   

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