管道泄漏检测全频域法试验验证及抗噪性研究

基于水力瞬变频域数学模型，提出了管道泄漏检测全频域方法。通过实体模型试验，将该法应用到泄漏参数的辨识中，结果表明泄漏流量检测误差小，定位精度高。对全频域法辨识的结果进行了讨论，指出激励压头峰值少的原因是阀门关闭时间相对较长引起的。分析了阀门边界处理方式对频域数学模型的影响，指出阀门激励产生的流量变化一般不能简单的视为脉冲函数，应考虑其变化曲线形状对水力瞬变的影响。研究了全频域模型的抗噪性，表明泄漏检测全频域法具有更高的抗噪声干扰能力。     

管道泄漏检测全频域法试验验证及抗噪性研究

本文通过实体模型试验,将作者提出的全频域方法检测管道泄漏技术应用到泄漏参数的辨识中,以验证方法的可靠性。结果表明,该方法检测泄漏流量误差小,定位精度高。对全频域法辨识的结果进行了讨论,指出阀门关闭时间相对较长可能无法获得足够的激励压头峰值,建议该法在应用中利用阀门快速关闭产生瞬变信号。分析了阀门边界处理方式对频域数学模型的影响,指出阀门激励产生的流量变化一般不能简单的视为脉冲函数,应考虑其变化曲线形状对水力瞬变的影响。最后研究了全频域模型的抗噪性,结果表明泄漏检测全频域法具有较高的抗噪声干扰能力。     

管道系统泄漏检测的全频域法

针对长距离管道输水系统的特点,建立了适合各种边界条件的管道水击频域数学模型,并应用拉氏变换原理导出了实测离散函数的频域数学模型。在此基础上,提出完全在频域中检测管道泄漏的新方法,即管道泄漏检测的全频域法。全频域法与之前频域法的差别有两点:一是边界条件不受限制,二是泄漏检测完全在频域中完成,无需求解任何一点的傅里叶逆变换时域函数。最后通过数字算例检验了管道泄漏检测全频域法的可行性。     

热力管网泄漏检测数学模型

本文研究了基于恒定流动模拟的静态泄漏检测方法和基于水力瞬变模拟的瞬变泄漏检测法，分析了瞬变泄漏检测法用于热力管网的可行性，建立了瞬态泄漏检测法的数学模型，误差准则，以及泄漏位置的确定方法，并通过实际供热管网泄漏检测数值仿真作了比较，表明用瞬态泄漏检测法可显著改善热网微机监控系统泄漏检测的能力。     

基于非恒定摩阻的管道泄漏数值模拟

输水管道的泄漏事故时有发生,而传统恒定摩阻模型无法精细描述泄漏时瞬变水击压力波的畸变和衰减过程,对管道泄漏检测非常不利。基于此,该文建立了考虑非恒定摩阻的管道瞬变流模型,对比了有无泄漏时非恒定摩阻对瞬变流动规律的影响,并对不同泄漏量和不同泄漏位置时管道泄漏的流量、压力参数变化进行了研究,为瞬变泄漏检测提供了理论指导和支持。模拟结果表明,非恒定摩阻不仅会加快水击压力波的衰减,也会引起相位的改变;泄漏点的存在会引起压力信号产生畸变,且畸变程度随泄漏流量和泄漏位置的变化有所不同。     

基于瞬变流频率响应分析的输水管道泄漏检测

采用传递矩阵法和频率扫描法,分析了管道泄漏对系统频率响应图的影响,以及频响图变化形态与泄漏点位置和泄漏面积参数之间的关系。在此基础上,介绍了基于管道瞬变流频响分析进行泄漏检测的步骤,并进行了数值试验验证。结果表明:1与完整管道相比,泄漏点的存在使系统频响图中各奇次谐波和偶次谐波的幅值均不再保持定值,而是随着谐波次数的不同呈现周期性的变化;2奇次谐波幅值随谐波次数周期性变化的主频率及相位反映了泄漏点位置,而该主频率所对应的幅值则反映了泄漏面积参数,据此可进行管道泄漏的检测;3数值试验结果表明基于瞬变流频率响应分析进行输水管道泄漏检测是可行的,且在泄漏孔面积占主管道面积比例较小的条件下,水锤波传播速度变化对检测结果的影响很小。     

分段低压输水系统水力振荡特性 分析方法探讨

对现有的分段低压输水系统水力振荡特性分析方法进行了探讨比较,并分析了各种方法的优 缺点。经比较分析可知:传统的特征线法和隐格式法主要用于系统水力振荡的时域分析;U形管模型 法只考虑了水体的刚性,而忽略了水体弹性;压力管道内水体采用精确模型只适用于系统的频域分 析。采用基于水力振动理论的压力管道线弹性模型,是用于分段低压输水系统水力振荡特性分析的新 的研究方法,该方法可对系统同时进行时域分析和频域分析,而且能够较准确地反映压力管道内水体 的高阶振荡特性,相比其他方法更具优越性。     

液体管道高频水力瞬变过程的数值模拟

目前在液体管道高频水力瞬变分析中,人们通常采用经典的拟稳态摩阻模型进行分析.但这种方法针对管壁切应力具有拟稳态特性的缓慢瞬变的分析是可行的,而对高频瞬变流动过程而言却不能准确预测水击压力波具体的衰减过程以及出现的波形畸变现象.介绍了一种新的考虑瞬时加速度对高频水力瞬变过程影响的非恒定摩阻模型,并结合特征线法给出了其数值解法,最后通过实例验证了该模型能比经典的拟恒定摩阻模型更为准确地模拟液体管道中高频瞬变流压力波的衰减和波形畸变.该模型对计算机的要求和计算耗时与经典的拟稳态摩阻模型相差不大,是一种具有良好工程应用潜力的液体管道高频瞬变分析数学模型.     

基于多尺度卷积神经网络的管道泄漏检测模型研究

如何有效检测管道泄漏是节水型社会建设迫切需要解决的关键和热点问题之一。近年来基于深度学习的管道泄漏检测方法发展迅速,本文针对传统单尺度卷积神经网络对泄漏特征提取不充分的问题,提出一种基于多尺度一维卷积神经网络(MS1DCNN)的管道系统泄漏检测模型。该方法利用多个不同卷积尺度的卷积通路并行提取管道泄漏的特征并进行泄漏信息的分类预测。基于经典的管道系统布置,利用瞬变流模型生成管道泄漏工况下的三个水压数据集对模型进行验证,三个数据集分别用于预测管道的泄漏位置、泄漏量和非恒定摩阻系数,对应样本数为39601、3980、4900,并将预测结果与其他深度学习方法和传统的机器学习方法进行对比分析。结果表明：MS1DCNN模型对数据集样本下泄漏位置、泄漏量、非恒定摩阻系数的分类准确率达到99.96%、98.48%、100%,三者平均预测精度比传统一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)、BP神经网络、支持向量机(SVM)和k近邻算法(KNN)提高0.31%、2%、1.27%、22.8%;MS1DCNN在信噪比为-4～12 dB的噪声环境下各数据集的平均F₁分数分别为99.2%、97.02...     

考虑动态摩阻的管道泄漏水力瞬变数值模拟

为了提高管道系统泄漏的模拟和判断精度,将瞬态加速类(Brunone模型)和加权函数类(Zielke模型和Vardy模型)两类动态摩阻模型用于水力瞬变泄漏建模和模拟,并将计算结果与已有的试验数据、模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:与传统摩阻模型和存在简化误差的Brunone模型相比,Zielke模型和Vardy模型能更加精确地模拟泄漏管中压力和流量信号变化;管道泄漏会引起管道压力和流量畸变,这种畸变是由泄漏导致的压力和流量产生新的信号反射造成的;泄漏流量和泄漏位置均会影响管中压力和流量的畸变、幅值和衰减程度。     

ANALYSIS OF FIRST TRANSIENT PRESSURE OSCILLATION FOR LEAK DETECTION IN A SINGLE PIPELINE

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently,attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methodssometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditions in testing. This paperproposes a method that does not require transient simulations over the whole or an extended period of time, but uses the first transientpressure oscillation to detect leaks. The method considers the propagation of the pressure oscillation wave created from a fast valveclosure and the reflected damp wave from the leak. A leak in the pipe gives rise to reflected waves which in turn creatediscontinuities in the observed signal at the measurement section. The timing of the reflected damp wave and the magnituderepresent the location and the size of the leak, respectively. An analytical expression is derived based on the Method OfCharacteristic (MOC) for the relationship between the leakage and the reflected magnitude. The leak detection procedure based onthe method is also given. Then the reliability of the method is tested on numerically simulated pressure signals and experimentalpressure signals with calibrated leak parameters, and the results indicate a successful application and the promising features of themethod.     

Leak Detection in a Branched System by Inverse Transient Analysis with the Admittance Matrix Method

The diagnosis of water distribution systems by means of the inverse transient analysis requires efficient and reliable numerical models. In the network admittance matrix method (NAMM) the 1-D waterhammer governing equations are integrated in the frequency domain and organized in a laplacian matrix form. The NAMM is particularly suitable for complex systems because of this structure and can be used for the system diagnosis, including leak sizing and location. In this paper a damaged branched system is considered and the diagnosis is performed by means of the NAMM using experimental data from laboratory transient tests. Two different boundary conditions are used in the implementation of the NAMM and the leak is located and sized with a reasonable approximation. An extended numerical investigation is also presented and allows confirmation of the results for different leak locations. The use of the NAMM for the leak detection and the validation using experimental data on a branched system are the main original contributions of this work. The successful diagnosis indicates promising results for applications in more complex systems.     

供水管网泄漏检测定位方法及仪器

本文研究了城市供水管道泄漏形成多相湍射流引发应力波在管壁中传播机理，分析了泄漏引发的管道横振、纵振和园环振动，提出了一系列和波特征提取指标及其离散数据算法、研究了以泄漏信号应力波时和频域特征指标构造神经网络输入和矩阵，建立了能对管道运行状况进行分类的神经网络模型，以检测管道泄漏故障的发生。研究了抗干扰管网泄漏定位方法，分析了根据管网不同特征对定位公式进行修正以提高泄漏定位精度的方法，实验研究了这一     

Leak Size,Detectability and Test Conditions in Pressurized Pipe Systems

The relationships between leak geometry and detectability are explored with a distinction between steady- and unsteady-state based techniques. Various criteria to evaluate the size and detectability of a leak are first discussed. These criteria can be useful for the benchmarking and the comparison of different techniques. Since the test conditions play a crucial rule in leak detectability, the proposed criteria take this effect into account. Furthermore, they show that while in steady-state conditions increases in system pressure enhance leak detectability, in transient state, by contrast, higher pressures tend to decrease detectability. This effect is also confirmed by experimental tests carried out at the Water Engineering Laboratory of the University of Perugia.     

Accuracy and Sensitivity Evaluation of TFR Method for Leak Detection in Multiple-Pipeline Water Supply Systems

The transient frequency response (TFR) based pipe leak detection method has been developed and applied to water pipeline systems with different connection complexities such as branched and looped pipe networks. Previous development and preliminary applications have demonstrated the advantages of high efficiency and non-intrusion for this TFR method. Despite of the successful validations through extensive numerical applications in the literature, this type of method has not yet been examined systematically for its inherent characteristics and application accuracy under different system and flow conditions. This paper investigates the influences of the analytical approximations and assumptions originated from the method development process and the impacts of different uncertainty factors in practical application systems on the accuracy and applicability of the TFR method. The influence factors considered for the analysis contain system properties, derivation approximations and data measurement, and the pipeline systems used for the investigation include simple branched and looped multi-pipe networks. The methods of analytical analysis and numerical simulations are adopted for the investigation. The accuracy and sensitivity of the TFR method is evaluated for different factors and system conditions in this study. The results and findings are useful to understand the validity range and sensitivity of the TFR-based method, so as to better apply this efficient and non-intrusive method in practical pipeline systems.     

Impedance Method for Abnormality Detection of a Branched Pipeline System

In this paper, an integrated detection scheme is developed to simultaneously address a leakage, a partial blockage and unknown branched pipeline elements. Expressions for the pressure head and discharge for a branched pipeline system having both a leakage and a blockage are derived in frequency domain. Boundary conditions for a reservoir and a branched dead-end allow the development of impedance formulations. The condition for a pipeline junction can be addressed using either a common condition for the pressure head combined with a continuity condition of discharge or a connectivity condition for impedance. In order to consider the unsteady friction’s impact, the impedance development process studied both the impact resulting from velocity profiles with two-dimensional distributions and the impact resulting from local and convective accelerations. Impedance expressions are derived for two distinct branched pipeline systems at different abnormality conditions. Based on drived formulations describing these systems, response functions were derived in the frequency domain and their corresponding time domain representations were integrated into a meta-heuristic calibration scheme for inverse transient analysis. Using an objective function for minimization of root-mean-square-errors between the observed and computed pressures, the calibration based one impulse response can simultaneously predict locations and magnitudes of abnormalities as well as parameters for a branched pipeline. The strength of the impedance-based approach for inverse transient analysis arises mainly from its feasibility to address different conservation conditions for pressure and discharge and for combining these conditions into a unified impedance connectivity condition.     

基于慢变流理论的管网泄漏检测模型的建立

提出一种基于慢变流理论的给水管网泄漏诊断与定位模型,即首先对管网施加随时间缓慢变化的压力激励,如果管网中存在泄漏,随着压力的不同泄漏程度也不一样,进而影响到管网中其他节点压力和管段流量等参数的变化;依据系统辨识反问题分析方法,实时监测管网监测点处的状态参数,运用贝叶斯算法对模型的预测参数——泄漏位置和泄漏量的概率值大小进行寻优,寻找模型计算值与测量值之间吻合程度最好的预测参数,得到最可能的泄漏位置与泄漏量。通过对算例管网的计算结果表明,采用该模型能够对漏失点和漏失量进行满足概率要求的准确诊断。     

Time-domain Analysis of Laboratory Experiments on the Transient Pressure Damping in a Leaky Polymeric Pipe

Water Resources Management - The pressure damping occurring in pressurized pipes with a leak during transients has been examined as a diagnostic tool – the so-called transient damping method...