南京市江宁区农业水价综合改革实践与思考

农业水价综合改革是缓解水资源短缺、推进节水农业发展的重要途径.自2016年下半年起,南京市江宁区率先开展农业水价综合改革试点工作,取得了显著成效.立足于江宁区实际情况,从改革具体措施、问题及成效入手,分析总结了江宁区农业水价综合改革过程中的经验与教训,并提出了相关对策和建议,为下一步更好地常态化开展农业水价改革工作提供...     

基于总量和强度控制的区域水资源承载能力评价研究

为了探究基于总量和强度控制的区域水资源承载能力评价指标体系对于区域水资源承载能力评价研究的可行性,在分析水资源双控行动的基础上,构建基于总量和强度控制的南京市浦口区水资源承载能力评价指标体系,并建立模糊综合评价模型对浦口区的水资源承载能力进行综合评价。结果表明:南京市浦口区水资源承载能力2016年为一般,2020年为较好,2025年为较好。这与浦口区经济社会发展相适应,说明在研究区域水资源承载能力时,可建立基于总量和强度控制的区域水资源承载能力评价指标体系。     

南京市黑臭河道整治对策及成效分析

江苏省南京市为贯彻落实国务院《水污染防治行动计划》,2016—2017年对全市建成区内150余条黑臭河道进行了整治。文章基于近年来参与的黑臭河道整治工作,系统阐述了南京市黑臭河道整治工作对策,并对案例河道整治前后水质连续监测数据进行了分析。分析结果表明黑臭水体已得到全面控制,其治理经验可为相似城市的黑臭河道治理提供参考。     

浅析跨河大桥下常见堤防险情处理措施

<正>本文以南京市雨花台区汽渡线跨板桥河大桥下堤防2016年汛期发生渗漏、裂缝险情,汛后处理措施为例,从险情发生的原因、抢险措施、汛后消险措施方案比选,结合施工实际难度等方面论述了低跨河大桥下堤防险情处理方法,从而为类似险情处理提供实用的参考。一、险情概述及抢险措施板桥河是一条通江支流,位于南京市西南,全长20.21km,流经江宁区、雨花台区,流域面积约     

南京市“2016·7”特大暴雨水雨情分析

2016年7月,南京市因受本地降水及上游来水影响,水位出现快速上涨过程,长江、秦淮河、滁河、水阳江、固城湖、石臼湖等主要河湖控制站水位均出现了超警戒水位,其中秦淮河、石臼湖等河湖发生超历史水位。通过分析本次暴雨洪水特点,为今后应对类似大洪水工作提供借鉴。     

南京市水利规划设计院有限责任公司

南京市水利规划设计院有限责任公司,前身为"南京市水利勘测设计室",是1981年10月成立的市水利局的内设机构,1992年更名为"南京市水利规划设计院",2004年10月完成改制,成立南京市水利规划设计院有限责任公司,注册资本600万元。公司具有水利设计、咨询、监理甲级;水运设计乙级;勘察乙级等多项资质,2005年通过ISO9001质量体系认证,2011年底注册成立水苑项目管理子公司。     

南京市玄武区黑臭河道现状及整治对策的分析

南京市玄武区为贯彻落实国务院"水十条"行动计划,2016—2017年对全区24条黑臭河道进行了整治。本文重点介绍了玄武区黑臭河道现状及整治对策,并对案例河道整治前后水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明:玄武区黑臭河道整治已达到预期目标。     

基于主成分分析的南京市水资源承载力研究

为了探求南京市水资源承载力的状况,选取14个指标构建水资源承载力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对南京市2003-2012年的水资源承载力水平进行比较分析和综合评价。结果表明:人口与经济发展、水资源禀赋、资源利用效率是影响南京市水资源承载力的主要因素;2003-2012年南京市水资源承载力基本呈不断上升的趋势,但在2004年出现了波动。总体上,目前南京市的水资源承载力的发展态势是良好的,但还是存在一定的上升空间。     

南京主城区水系变迁研究

为南京市主城区水环境治理提供科学依据,在据史料记载与实地调查、测年成果等基础上,着重研究了南京市主城区水系的变迁和现在的水循环特征.3 000 a以来,南京市主城区由单一的秦淮河水系河口部位被改造为互相分割的7河4湖水系,导致水循环完全没有了自然河流水源的补给,仅有雨污水与生活污水补给,水又以蒸发消耗为主,从而导致水质越来越差,虽然常有清淤与截污等工程措施,但总难见长效.     

基于主成分分析的BP神经网络对南京市水资源需求量预测

以南京市为例,利用1999-2010年的总用水量数据,采用主成分分析法对影响水资源需求量的9个因子进行主要影响因子分析,根据确定的主要影响因子构造BP神经网络的输入样本,从而进行不同水平的年总需水量预测.结果表明:人口、GDP、万元GDP用水量、人均水资源量、污水年排放量为影响研究区需水量的主要因子,将此作为主要因子构造BP神经网络的输入样本,确定网络输入节点数,建立南京市总需水量预测模型.模拟计算结果表明,基于主成分分析的BP神经网络模型,预测结果的平均误差小于0.2亿m3.     

山西省地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策

山西省水资源严重短缺 ,地下水超采严重。分析了地下水资源量及可开采量、地下水开发利用历史和现状 ,以及超采产生的环境地质问题。在此基础上 ,提出了缓解地下水超采、有效合理开发利用地下水的一些措施意见 ,为加强地下水保护和管理提供了科学依据。     

2003年兰考、东明洪水漫滩落淤情况调查

通过对2003年秋汛期间兰考北滩、东明南滩两处漫滩情况进行调查与分析，得出的结论为：滩区共滞蓄水量6亿～9亿m^3，漫滩落淤范围为7．5km^2，顺漫滩水流方向的落淤距离约3km。在这种水沙条件下，泥沙不能被输送至较远的堤河。经分析计算，本次泥沙落淤量为900万～1350万t，且距口门1．0km范围内落淤泥沙中的82％为粒径大于0．05mm的粗沙。由此得到的主要认识有：①靠自然落淤解决“二级悬河”问题非常困难，甚至会增大“二级悬河”程度；②给漫滩水预留出路是降低淹没损失的关键；③落淤的粗沙使土地产生了十分严重的沙化现象，并且使当地环境趋于恶化。     

雷州半岛地区2015年防旱抗旱工作对策与启示

2015年,广东省雷州半岛地区出现大范围干旱,该文总结了干旱特点,分析了干旱成因,采取了水资源统筹调配、引导调整种植结构及播种时机、人工增雨、筹措资金应急补助等抗旱措施,效果较好。此外,提出该地区今后打造"扩库硬渠上井群"升级版、推进农业结构调整、改善生态环境推动绿色发展的防旱工作对策。     

Operation and Maintenance Performance and Conflicts in Flood-control Projects in Bangladesh

Many embankments failed in severe floods in Bangladesh in 1987 and 1988, and concern grew over ways to improve flood-control projects. Maintenance was poor due to reliance on periodic rehabilitation, but few failures were due to poor construction or maintenance. Embankments mostly failed where they were eroded or were deliberately cut. They were cut by people living outside who believed they were made more flood-prone, and by people living inside because of internal drainage congestion. This reflected inadequate hydrological modelling, lack of consultation and failure to resolve conflicts between affected groups. Resources for maintenance are not generated locally and could be used more efficiently. Participatory planning could reduce conflicts, encourage a sense of project ownership and facilitate contributions to maintenance.     

Domestic Water and Sanitation in Cyclones and Floods in Bangladesh and a Proposed Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the top priority item s i relief activities but the appropriateness and effectiveness of this activity may be questioned. Water and sanitation (WS) are inseparable and together they play major roles in the transmission of the pathogen of diarrhoeal disease. Thousands of people die or suffer from WS-related diseases during postdisaster periods. Here we present WS-related experiences gained after Bangladesh's 1991 cyclone and the views of participants in a regional and a national (local) workshop on this matter held in Bangladesh. About 63 per cent of the water purifying tablets (WPTs) distributed after the 1991 cyclone were found to have lost potency Relief personnel lack basic knowledge about WS practices and the management of WS provision. Participants in the two workshops documented serious problems i this field at both regional and national levels. Major issues for research may include: an appropriate environmental preparedness plan; appropriate waste disposal technologies; appropriate water treatment methods; self- help activities during vulnerable periods; and health education related to WS in disaster situations.     

我国灌区建设及管理技术发展成就与展望

新中国成立70年来,我国灌区建设与管理取得了举世瞩目的成就,农田灌溉面积由1949年的1593万hm2发展到2016年的6714万hm2,位列世界第一,保障了我国粮食安全供给和社会经济发展。我国灌区建设与管理已经历了三个大的发展阶段,依靠科技进步解决了发展过程中出现的各种问题,使我国灌区建设与管理水平逐步得以提升。今后的30年将是我国实现灌区现代化的时期。本文较系统介绍了我国灌区发展概况、灌区建设与管理技术进展和成就、灌区面临的主要问题和挑战、以及灌区现代化发展展望。     

Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in Germany

This study has been conducted, to estimate the distribution of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in German water supplies and the removal efficiency of surface water treatment plants for Giardia and Cryptosporidium by conventional treatment. Water samples from six surface water treatment plants in different parts of Germany were simoultaneously examined for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Investigations for both parasites were carried out in the period from July 1993 until December 1995. The results confirmed the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in surface and raw water, to intermediate steps after treatment, in back wash water, in the first filtrate and in final water. Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 76.2% of the investigated raw water sources. The average number of the detected Giardia cysts was 88.2/100 1 (max.1314/100 I), and the average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 116/100 I (max. 1081/1001). In the intermediate steps (including flocculation and several steps of filtration), Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 33.3% (50/150) of the samples. 14.9% of drinking water samples (7/47) were positive for Giardia (max. 16.8 /1001) and 29.8% (14/47) were positive for Cryptosporidium (max. 20.8/100 I). Overall, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, or both were detected in 38.3% of the drinking water samples. The parasites have been found in nearly all of the investigated backwash water samples. The filtrate of a rapid sand filter was analysed immediately after filter backwashing during the ripening period of the filter. Good elimination results were obtained by optimizing relevant water treatment process, but a low flocculant dose following sudden variation in the raw water quality, causes a breakthrough of Cryptosporidium into the treated water. Although water treatment technologies are effective to remove Giardia and Cryptosporidium, the results clearly show that Giardia and Cryptosporidium evade the filter harries m the absence of visible treatment deficiencies and low turbitidy level, and contaminate final water.     

衡水市地下水开发利用存在的问题及对策

通过对衡水市地下水开发中存在问题的客观分析,提出了今后开发、利用和保护地下水的措施.     

Progress in ecological and environmental water requirements research and applications in China

Abstract:

With economic development, as well as population growth, the conflict between water supply and demand has become more and more acute in China, and it has been aggravated further by the irrational utilization of water resources. As a result, the deterioration and destruction of the eco‐environment have become increasingly serious. In order to effectively protect ecosystems and improve their ecological conditions, many studies on ecological and environmental water requirements (EEWR) have been carried out in China. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of EEWR are addressed, and the main advances of EEWR research and applications in China are summarized in four types of systems including studies on rivers, vegetation, lakes and wetlands, and groundwater. In conclusion, issues necessary to be studied further in the future are put forward.