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1.
自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性对认识水利水电工程中的空蚀破坏机理具有重要意义。为进一步认识自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性,开展了电火花激发空化泡试验。结果表明:(1)空化泡与自由液面距离较近时总是背离自由液面溃灭,背离的临界条件为空化泡与自由液面的距离约是空化泡最大半径的5倍。空化泡尺寸越大或空化泡与自由液面距离越近,其背离现象越明显。(2)自由液面附近双空化泡相向溃灭融合,且融合体背离自由液面移动。(3)在自由液面和空气泡的共同影响下,空化泡的溃灭方向是二者分别对空化泡作用的矢量和。通过本文研究,对自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭有了定量认识,可以在一定条件下预测空化泡的溃灭方向。  相似文献   

2.
应用高速摄影技术在直流式水洞中对针状突体的空化结构进行了试验研究。试验流速为8~40m/s,高速摄影机拍摄速率为20000fps,曝光时间为4μs。观察了不同流速下针状突体后空化云的形态以及随流动的演变情况,及不同掺气量对空化云的影响。此外,还给出针状突体空化区包络线(自由流线)的表达式。  相似文献   

3.
采用可调节表面张力的大密度比、大黏滞系数比格子玻尔兹曼伪势空化模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,并进一步分析了表面张力和初始空化泡内外压差对空化泡溃灭过程中流场分布的影响,探究了表面张力变化对空化泡溃灭时产生的微射流和溃灭压力演化的影响。结果表明:在近壁区空化泡溃灭过程中,随着表面张力减小,加剧了气液交界面的变形,导致微射流更为集中。同时空化泡在溃灭过程中蓄积的表面能减小,在溃灭时刻迅速释放后,减弱了空化泡溃灭强度,空化泡溃灭最大微射流流速和最大压力均随着表面张力的减小而减小,导致空化泡溃灭时间缩短,增加了壁面引起的Bjerknes力,加剧空化泡朝向壁面溃灭的趋势。  相似文献   

4.
Numerical and experimental study is carried to investigate the cavitation behav-ior in the turbulent flow around a NACA16-012 hydrofoil.The Navier-Stokes Equations forcompressible fluid are adopted to simulate the overall motion and dynamical characteristics of thecavity flow,while the bubble dynamics is used to calculate the motion and growth of nuclei in-side the cavity.Cavitation experiment for the hydrofoil is carried out in a water tunnel of CSS-RC,the phenomenon in the experiment is recorded and analyzed with high speed photographictechnique.  相似文献   

5.
Serial grades of cement mortar specimens have been tested on the model of con-crete-lining flood discharge tunnel with orifice,The results show that incipient cavitation erosionnumber is much smaller than incipient cavitation number.Based on the principle of bubble dy-namics,the flow speed effect on incipient cavitation erosion number for cement mortar is pre-sented.  相似文献   

6.
为了获得泄洪洞出口段在高速水流情况下的水流特征,分析空化及其对结构可能存在的空蚀破坏影响,本文采用了VOF(Volume Of Fluid)方法,并结合Realizable k-ε紊流模型,对泄洪洞水流进行了三维数值计算。计算获得了压强、流速及水深的三维分布参数,并将部分计算结果与设计值验证,吻合较好。通过引入自定义函数方式计算了整个流场的空化数,获得了泄洪情况下泄洪洞高速水流空化数分布规律及易发生空化空蚀的区域。  相似文献   

7.
This article studies the effects of air content on propeller cavitation and pressure fluctuations. The cavitation is observed while the pressure fluctuations on the hull are measured. When adjusting the air content, the sheet cavitation range does not change distinctly, but the pressure fluctuations see obvious differences. The amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations increase with the decrease of the air content. The results indicate that the air content has little effect on the sheet cavitation range but has an important effect on the bubble cavitation and the tip vortex cavitation. When the air content decreases, the water tensile force increases, which results in the instability of the bubble cavitation and the tip vortex cavitation and the increase of the pressure fluctuations. To minimize the scale effects, the experiments should be run at a high Reynolds number with a high nuclei content. The high Reynolds number is often realized by increasing the flow velocity and the propeller rotation speed, and the high nuclei content is often made by increasing the dissolved air content.  相似文献   

8.
This article investigated an existing steady pattern of collapse and rebound (disintegration and aggregation) of cavitation bubbles near rigid boundary in acoustic field. A deformation process of cavitation bubble was accomplished in two acoustic cycles, namely, a spherical bubble collapsed towards the boundary to its minimum volume and then rebounded and grew into a toroidal bubble (or two individual bubbles) in one acoustic cycle, and the toroidal bubble (or two individual bubbles) collapsed towards the center of ring to its minimum volume, and then rebounded into a spherical bubble in the next acoustic cycle. Inertia force plays a key role in the transition between these two states. The microjet produced during the collapse of spherical bubble and the shock wave produced during the collapse of toroidal bubble (or two individual bubbles) impacts the boundary alternately. A cavitation bubble operating in this pattena can thus be an effective corrosion mechanism of rigid boundary.  相似文献   

9.
A cavitation calculation scheme is developed and applied to ALE 15 and ALE 25 hydrofoils, based on the Bubble Two-phase Flow (BTF) cavity model with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology. The Navier-Stokes equations including cavitation bubble clusters are solved through the finite-volume approach with a time-marching scheme. Simulations are carried out in a 3-D field with a hydrofoil ALE 15 or ALE 25 at an angle of attack of 8° and cavitation number σ = 2.3 with a 2 × 106, meshing system. With the time-marching, the cavitation bubble gradually grows to a steady lump shape and then produces an irregular small bubble behind the main cavitation bubble, finally shedding from the leading edge of the cloud cavitation structure. The calculated results including velocity field and pressure field are consistent with experiment data at the same Reynolds number and cavitation number. The vortex and reverse flow are observed on the hydrofoil surface.  相似文献   

10.
本文介绍了一套用于测量空化荷载的自制仪器;给出了与砂浆孔板洞初生空蚀相应的临界空花荷载的测量结果;根据空泡动力方程;利用格尔莫方法数值模拟了与实验条件相应的空泡运动过程,并将计算的临界空化荷载与实验结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

11.
The motion of a spark-induced cavitation bubble and an air bubble near a rigid boundary is experimentally studied by using high-speed photography. Several dimensionless parameters are used to describe the geometrical configuration of the bubble-bubble-boundary interaction. The bubble-bubble interaction can be considered in two different conditions. The cavitation bubble will collapse towards the air bubble if the air bubble is relatively small, and away from the air bubble if the air bubble is relatively large. The two zones are identified in the bubble-boundary interaction, and they are the danger zone and the safety zone. The relative position, the bubble-boundary distance and the bubble-bubble distance play important roles in the bubble-bubble-boundary interaction, which can be considered in several conditions according to the responses of the bubbles. Air jets are found to penetrate into the cavitation bubbles. The cavitation bubble and the air bubble (air jet) move in their own way without mixing. The motion of a cavitation bubble may be influenced by an air bubble and/or a rigid boundary. The influence of the air bubble and the influence of the boundary may be combined, like some thing of a vector.  相似文献   

12.
The selection of the configuration and size of an aerator was of importance for a tunnel spillway under the conditions of high speed flows. Experimental investigations were conducted on the effects of entrained air on the tunnel spillway in the Goupitan Project, based on the criterion of gravity similarity and the condition of aerated flow velocity of over 6 m/s, with physical models. The configurations of the aerators were presented of a larger bottom air concentration, to protect the tunnel spillway from cavitation as well as to see no water fills in the grooves.  相似文献   

13.
利用格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)伪势模型模拟了近壁区空化泡溃灭过程,分析了不同汽相黏滞系数和液相黏滞系数对空化泡溃灭过程中的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力、最大溃灭时间的影响。结果表明,相同液相黏滞系数条件下,改变汽相黏滞系数,空化泡溃灭时产生的最大微射流流速、最大溃灭压力和最大溃灭时间不变;保持汽相黏滞系数不变,空化泡溃灭时最大溃灭压力、最大微射流流速均随着液相黏滞系数的增大而减小,但最大溃灭时间随着液相黏滞系数的增大而增大。  相似文献   

14.
Collapse of a spark-generated bubble near rigid or deformable surfaces is studied experimentally with a high speed cammera. The formation of a bubble wall jet has been observed and discussed. Results from experimental studies on the effect of liquid viscosity on bubble collapse near the rigid wall are also presented.  相似文献   

15.
在对某水电站放空洞工作闸门的常压及减压模型试验中,进行了工作闸门的体型比较;讨论了通风洞的进气量、明流洞坎下沿程水流的修气浓度、掺气坎减免空蚀的保护长度;还探讨了门槽空化的特性以及工作闸门掺气设施的方案优化。  相似文献   

16.
The synergetic effects between cavitation bubbles and silt particles on the damages of materials are essential problems in fluid machineries. For studying the underlying microscopic mechanisms, in the present paper, the dynamic behaviors of a single cavitation bubble between a spherical particle and a rigid wall are experimentally investigated with a high-speed camera. The results indicate that the existence of the particle can affect the bubble shape during collapse and significantly accelerate the collapse velocity of the bubble. The influences of the particle size, the distance between the bubble and the particle and the distance between the bubble and the rigid wall on the phenomena are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. These parameters can prominently affect the collapse velocity of the bubble(especially its maximum value).  相似文献   

17.
水布垭枢纽放空洞主要承担水布垭工程施工期后期导流及完建后大坝检修时放空水库的任务.它具有水头高、流速大、运行时间长、水位变幅大等特点.借助系列水工模型试验对水布垭放空洞的泄流能力、压力特性及关键部位的空化特性、闸门启闭力、出口鼻坎消能工体型及下游冲刷等进行了较深入的研究、分析.提出了一种新型消能工--双曲差动异型鼻坎,该鼻坎有良好的消能效果.在工作闸门区突扩跌坎处,选择合适的体型及通气设施并严格控制表面不平整度,可达到防止或减小空化的目的.  相似文献   

18.
For ventilated cavitating flows in a closed water tunnel, the wall effect may exert an important influence on cavity shape and hydrodynamics, An isotropic mixture multiphase model was established to study the wall effect based on the RANS equations, coupled with a natural cavitation model and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The governing equations were discretized using the finite volume method and solved by the Gauss-Seidel linear equation solver on the basis of a segregation algorithm. The algebraic multigrid approach was carried through to accelerate the convergence of solution. The steady ventilated cavitating flows in water tunnels of different diameter were simulated for a conceptual underwater vehicle model which had a disk cavitator. It is found that the choked cavitation number derived is close to the approximate solution of natural cavitating flow for a 3-D disk. The critical ventilation rate falls with decreasing diameter of the water tunnel. However, the cavity size and drag coeflicient are rising with the decrease in tunnel diameter for the same ventilation rate, and the cavity size will be much different in water tunnels of different diameter even for the same ventilated cavitation number.  相似文献   

19.
初生空化数比尺效应的修正   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
倪汉根 《水利学报》1999,30(9):0028-0033
在初生空化位置写出了随流运动的球泡动力方程,估计了方程各项在空化初生时的近似值;以现有的实测资料为依据,选择了能识别的气核失稳的临界半径Rc的大小;给出了原型初生空化数与模型初生空化数的简单关系式;列出了碧口水库孔板洞4个不同比尺减压模型的实测初生空化数,这些模型初生空化数的值相差很大,但由这4个模型初生空化数和本文给出的换算关系得到的原型初生空化数很接近,这原型初生空化数与原型观测结果定性一致。  相似文献   

20.
The effect of viscosity on the cavitation characteristics of a high speed sleeve bearing is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The cavitation characteristics, the cavitation shape and the cavitation location of a spiral oil wedge hydrodynamic bearing are investigated experimentally by using the transparent bearing and the high-speed camera. The generalized Reynolds equation is established with considerations of the cavitation mechanism based on the modified Elrod method in theory, and the cavitations of different viscosity sleeve bearings are analyzed and compared. It is shown that the cavitations are strip-shaped for both the high viscosity lubricant and the low viscosity lubricant, and in the rupture region of the oil film at a high speed, the oil vapour or bubbles are produced. With the decrease of the supply pressure and the increase of the rotating speed, the rupture area of the oil film increases distinctly. The cavitation area decreases distinctly and the quality of lubrication is better for the low viscosity lubricant than for the high viscosity lubricant. The experiment results in general are consistent with the theoretical results.  相似文献   

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