弯道河段下游泵站进水前池流态及整流措施

为改善弯道水流在泵站前池引起的偏流、回流、吸气旋涡等不良流态,基于FLUENT软件,将雷诺时均N-S方程与RNG k-ε双方程紊流模型应用于某实际工程侧向进水泵站前池的三维数值模拟中,对比分析整流前后泵站前池及进水流道流态的流速、流线变化,并建立流速分布均匀度目标函数,定量分析泵站进水流态的优劣。结果表明:在前池增设复合式导流墩并延长导流墙能够有效地调整弯道水流流向,减弱前池中的偏流和回流,提高水流的顺直度与均匀度,改善泵站进水条件,提高枢纽运行的工作效率。     

田山泵站前池进水流态数值模拟与验证

为验证田山泵站前池工程改造对改善流态的效果,运用三维紊流模拟技术,建立了泵站前池进水流态的三维湍流数学模型,对改造前后泵站前池水流流态进行了模拟,用现场实测结果对数值模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明:数值模拟流速值与现场测试值存在一定的差异,但是数值模拟的流速分布与现场测试的流速分布基本一致,能较好地模拟泵站前池水流流态,为泵站安全运行管理提供参考;在前池增设稳流、整流设施后,前池流态得到明显改善。     

泵站前池水流数值模拟研究

泵站前池的水流流态直接影响泵站的效率,从而直接影响枢纽功能的实现。本文对泵站前池水流进行数值模拟研究,计算采用SIMPLEC算法求解三维水流紊流方程,结合大龙港枢纽防洪工程,较好地复演了泵站前池水流的流速场,并根据泵站前池进流的不均匀系数评判枢纽布置的合理性。     

泵站前池单排方柱整流措施数值模拟

为改善泵站前池内水流流态,基于Fluent软件,运用RNG k-ε模型对加单排方柱的正向进水泵站前池流态进行数值模拟,分析单排方柱的几何参数对前池流态改善的影响。结果表明:单排方柱具有分流效果,流经单排方柱的水流会向前池两侧分散,在单排方柱的后方形成漩涡。无整流措施时,泵站前池流态紊乱;通过在前池加设单排方柱可显著改善流态;单排方柱宜布置在前池前中部,不宜布置在两侧回流区内;方柱宽度越小,分流作用越小,行近流速分布越不均匀。     

分流墩对排涝泵站进出水流态的影响研究

为改善水流流态，提高机组运行效率，本文以某排湖泵站为研究对象，搭建比尺为1∶30的水工整体正态模型，对该泵站进、出水流态进行模拟，并进行整流优化。研究发现：原设计方案下前池内流态较为紊乱，各流道流速均匀度偏低，在进水前池中隔墩处增设分流墩后，能够有效消除池内原有的水流回旋现象，提供较好的进水条件，各流道流速分布均匀度提高了5.88%～16.13%，改善效果显著。研究成果可为本工程及同类工程的设计、研究和运行管理提供参考。     

深层隧道进流式泵站前池流态及整流措施研究

为改善深层隧道进流式泵站前池内的旋流、偏流等不良流态,基于RNG k-ε 湍流模型对前池流态进行数值模拟,研究适用于此类城市排涝泵站的整流措施。数值计算结果表明:泵站前池、进水池内存在局部立面旋滚、螺旋流、斜向流、流速分布上高下低等不良水力现象,致使泵站进水流道水力条件不佳;采用双层环形板和两组导流墩的组合式整流措施可抑制前池、进水池中的立面旋滚、螺旋流和斜向流流态,从而有效改善流道的进水条件,提高进水流道进口处流速分布均匀度,使泵进水状况变好,提高泵站运行的可靠性。     

不同进水流速对泵站进水池漩涡的影响

为探究泵站进水流速大小与泵站进水池水流流态、漩涡的产生与发展变化规律,结合泵站实际运行情况,建立引渠、前池、进水池和进水管的泵站物理模型和湍流数学模型,采用VOF模型和非定常的SST k-ω湍流模型对9种不同流速的泵站进水水流特性进行数值模拟,分析不同进水流速的泵站进水池水流流场分布、漩涡涡量的变化及分布规律.研究结果...     

三维数值模拟在泵站侧向进水前池的应用

泵站布置形式因进水方式不同通常分为正向和侧向两种进水方式,侧向进水时前池来流方向和前池中的主流方向存在夹角,此时由于弯道水流的运动特性,侧向进水前池容易产生主流脱壁、回流和漩涡等不良流态,难以形成良好的水泵进水条件,影响机组的安全运行。针对古德洛尔电厂一期侧向进水泵站前池,采用RNGκ-ε双方程紊流模型封闭雷诺平均的N-S方程,利用SIMPLEC算法对泵站前池及部分引水明渠水流流场进行三维数值模拟,对比分析设计方案修改前后前池水流的流速、涡量、水面线等水力参量分布特性,并以典型断面流速分布均匀度为目标函数分析整流措施前后前池内流速分布均匀度变化,验证了增加合理的整流措施可以有效改善前池流态。     

Y形导流墩几何参数对泵站前池整流效果的影响

为了改善泵站前池流态,基于Fluent软件,运用可实现的k-ε模型对加Y形导流墩的正向进水泵站前池流态进行数值模拟,分析Y形导流墩几何参数对前池流态改善的影响。结果表明:Y形导流墩具有分流效果,流经Y形导流墩的水流会沿其两翼发生扩散,同时在Y形导流墩尾后产生漩涡。无整流措施时,泵站前池流态紊乱;通过在前池加设Y形导流墩可显著改善流态;Y形导流墩位置宜在前池中间,其中长度、高度、尾部夹角越大,两侧漩涡越小,行近流速分布越不均匀。     

泵站进水池水流流态研究

泵站的水流流态直接关系到水流的漩涡,进而影响泵站的工作效率.基于Realiza-ble-ε湍流模型对不同流速的水流建立数值分析模型,针对水流的喇叭管下方速度分布、水流流动特性进行分析.主要得到以下成果:基于Realizable-ε湍流模型与超声波多普勒流速监测仪,对泵站前池的水流流速监测结果整体变化趋势基本相同,Rea...     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。