流动环境中平面负浮力排放的数值模拟

建立流动环境中平面负浮力倾斜射流的二维k-ε湍流模型，采用D M Shahrahani和J D Ditmars(1976)的试验资料进行检验，并且对平面负浮力倾斜射流流动特性进行了数值预报。给出了射流的分区及分区的界限，同时亦给出了涡心断面的物理量的分布及典型断面上湍动能平衡图。     

含中心孔的椭圆区域内位势流动分析

本文利用相似流动替换方法，解决了中心有圆孔的椭圆形区域内的位势流动问题；采用分区域解法，给出了中心有椭圆孔的椭圆形区域内位势流动问题的解析通解。该问题在油气田开发工程等许多领域中有重要意义。     

恒定有压扩散流中的局部非稳态流动试验研究

试验研究了恒定二元水平有压扩散流中的局部非稳态流动现象。利用壁面丝线流动显示技术观测了局部非稳态流动现象，给出了发生局部非稳态流动的临界扩散角；利用三维点流速仪对局部非稳态流动的流速进行了数据采集，通过功率频谱分析和互相关分析，得出了非稳态流动的基本特征；探讨了局部非稳态流动的成因和条件。     

温盐双扩散系统中均势场的二维模拟

本文主要对二维情况下温盐浮力比λ为Ｉ的温盐均势场的流动情况进行了探讨，地在温盐均势场中不同的流动参数对流场流动的结构所产生的影响作了大量的数值模拟工作，发现在温盐均势即使是给出第一类边界条件，流动仍然存在多种不同的平衡态，出现多胞流的稳定平衡和周期震荡，而且在不同参数下稳定流状态和周期震荡的运动周期有较大的差别。     

流动电流法混凝投药控制应用技术的研究

本文从实践应用技术的角度出发，（1）系统地分析和研究了流动电流法混凝投药控制系统的取样部分，包括取样系统中的取样点的选择、预处理器的构造和设计、取样流量的分析等，给出了取样系统的设计原则，总结了控制系统中存在的应用问题和解决方法；（2）提出了流动电流法混凝投药串级控制系统；（3）给出了串级控制系统的理论，为该系统的实验室试验和生产应用奠定理论基础；（）进行了流动电流串级控制系统实验室的模型试验研究。模型试验包括实验室模型的构造设计、模拟工艺的选择，控制系统的启动和运行等。模型试验初步考察了该串级控…     

从二相流方程出发研究平衡输沙—扩散理论和泥沙扩散系数的讨论

根据力平衡原理研究泥沙汲工的垂向分布，参照湍流混合气体运动中组元间作用力的本构式的构成，给出了湍流二相流相间阻力的本构式，并由此推导了充分发展的明渠流动中泥沙浓度的垂向分布。以本文给出的泥沙力平衡方程为基础，引入某些近似可推导出沿用至今的（泥沙运动的）扩散理论所给出的方程。     

二平行流之间幂率流体层流剪切流动的数学模型

非牛顿流体的平行剪切流动是一种在自然界和工程实践中常见的流动。本文应用流体力学和非牛顿流体力学理论，利用Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ边界层方程，在未作任何其它假设的情况下，得出了幂率流体平行剪切层流流动时的相似变量，给出了两充体指数ｎ相同时的常微分方程和定解条件。     

混流式转轮三维湍流流动计算方法

本文研究了基于κ-ε模型的全三维湍流计算技术在水轮机转轮流动计算中的应用方法。文中给出了以求和下标表示的在贴体坐标下的湍流基本方程组，介绍了计算中计算体、初边值的给定方法。最后，介绍了应用该程序对某电站水轮机所作优化后的主要流动计算结果显示。     

平行平板缝隙流中粘性阻力的研究

随着流体传动和控制在机械领域中的广泛的应用．正确分析和计算流体在流动中的粘性阻力，已成为很重要的课题．文中对不同边界条件下、平行放置的平板之间的层流缝隙流动给出了粘性阻力和沿程损失系数的计算公式，为正确、方便地计算平行平板间流动提供了理论依据。     

水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流计算

利用K-ε-AP两相紊流模型和SIMPLEC法计算水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流.计算结果给出了水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相流动的主要流动参数，例如，连续相(液相)和离散相(固相)速度，两相速度滑差，固液两相流动下的压力分布等。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。