含盐有机废水生物处理特性研究

本文利用含盐生活废水系统地研究了无机盐对生物处理系统的影响,并研究了含盐工业废水电化学处理的可行性。(1)采用间歇和连续两种运行方式,研究了无机盐对含盐生活废水生物处理效率的影响,包括有机物降解效率和硝化效率;研究了无机盐对污泥沉降特性的影响。结果表明:当废水中无机盐ＮａＣｌ≤30ｇ/Ｌ时,系统的处理效率没有受到影响,并且活性污泥的沉降能力有所改善;当ＮａＣｌ=50ｇ/Ｌ时,系统处理效率降低,活性污泥的沉降性能恶化。(2)系统地研究了无机盐对活性污泥表面特性的影响,包括污泥的表面电位、表面聚合物和亲水性。同时探讨了污泥…     

SBR工艺运行中活性污泥沉降性下降的原因分析及对策

银川市某污水处理厂SBR池出现污泥沉降性下降的问题,分析了活性污泥沉降性能下降的原因,并通过系列试验,探索出改善活性污泥泥状况、提高污泥沉降性能的方法,取得较好的效果。同时,提出了进一步提高污泥沉降性能的建议。     

活性污泥胞外聚合物EPS的影响因素研究

胞外聚合物EPS对活性污泥的表面特性、生物絮凝、沉降及脱水性能等具有重要的影响,主要对污泥负荷Ns,DO,温度,Ca2+,pH及废水水质等因素对EPS的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明:Ns,pH及废水水质对EPS的含量、成分有显著的影响;DO,温度对EPS的影响较小;同时随着进水Ca2+浓度的增加,污泥的EPS,脱氢酶及OUR增加。     

臭氧处理系统对城市污水处理过程中活性污泥沉降性的影响及微生物群落变化维度下的应用效果

以污水处理厂曝气池污水为研究对象,通过比较污泥臭氧处理系统(ASPAL SLUAGE)处理前后活性污泥的沉降性能及其微生物群落变化,结合污水的化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、污泥沉降比(SV30)、悬浮固体浓度(MLSS)、挥发性固体浓度(MLVSS)、污泥容积指数(SVI)等参数变化的测定分析结果,探讨了ASPAL SLUAGE系统在污水处理过程中对活性污泥沉降性的改善效果及其对污水处理系统的影响。结果表明,该处理系统能够有效抑制丝状菌的过量生长,可明显改善活性污泥的沉降性。ASPAL SLUAGE系统运行期间,优势菌群Hydrogenophaga与CandidatusMicrothrix呈现丰度下降的趋势,而Niabella菌群则表现为丰度增加,丝状菌CandidatusMicrothrix丰度的下降是活性污泥沉降性改善的直接证据。活性污泥微生物群落中含量较高的硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)、红杆菌(Rhodobacter)在测试时间段内相对含量几乎没有变化。污水的其他参数表明,ASPAL SLUAGE能够通过改善活性污泥中微生物的种群丰度来改善活性污泥的沉降性能,活性污泥的水体处理能力几乎不受影响。     

混合液污泥浓度与污泥回流系统控制策略研究

生物反应池中的混合液污泥浓度(MISS)是活性污泥系统重要的设计与运行参数.在城市污水处理厂日常运行中,应根据运行条件的变化,如进水水质水量的波动、污泥沉降性能的改变等,实施一定的污泥回流控制策略,以保证生物反应池中合理的活性污泥数量,促进系统的稳定高效运行.     

超声波强化活性污泥活性的试验研究

研究了超声波对活性污泥活性的影响,用污泥好氧速率OUR来衡量活性,并通过模拟人工废水试验验证。研究表明超声波频率为25kHz,输出声密度为0·2W/mL,作用60s后,污泥活性比原污泥提高30.49%;相同条件超声3s后,污泥活性比原污泥提高20%。试验中从能耗角度推荐选用超声3s。脉冲方式比连续超声更能改善污泥活性,且脉冲比1∶1时效果最好。超声3s后的活性污泥处理人工废水的出水水质明显好于未经处理的出水水质。     

活性炭为载体的好氧颗粒污泥培养及性能研究

好氧颗粒污泥是一种应用于废水生化处理中的新型活性污泥技术,具有结构致密,沉降性能优越,生物处理能力强等特点.通过在气升式内循环间歇反应器启动阶段,接种活性污泥的同时添加活性炭颗粒(AC)的方法,缩短好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化时间,成功培养出了沉降速率大,结构稳定,除氮效果好的活性炭好氧颗粒污泥.并考察了活性污泥絮体-出现颗粒污泥-成熟颗粒污泥-储存-解体-修复的过程,验证了载体强化型好氧颗粒污泥处理低碳氮比废水的可行性.实验结果证明:活性炭好氧颗粒污泥反应器稳定运行时,COD、氨氮、总氮去除率分别可以达到80％ ～ 90％、99％、80％.将成熟活性炭好氧颗粒污泥储存12个月,经过恢复培养,物理特性及脱氮性能能够完全恢复到储存前的水平.     

卷贝进行污泥减量的应用研究

利用卷贝在合建式活性污泥反应器中摄食污泥进行污泥减量试验。试验发现,污泥表观产率系数与卷贝密度呈负相关,卷贝对污泥的相对减量约为40%,绝对减量为37.5mgVSS/(L·d),减量速度为0.177mgVSS/(mgP.acuta·d),活性污泥系统中卷贝的存在对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除不会产生影响,对污泥沉降性能也影响不大。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度及难降解废水研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥以其在反应器中污泥沉降速度快、泥水分离简单、污泥浓度高,能够同时实现脱氮除磷等特点成为目前污(废)水处理领域的研究热点之一。对好氧颗粒污泥在高浓度有机废水及难降解废水(硝基苯废水、苯酚废水、氯酚废水、苯胺和氯苯胺废水、含盐废水、染料废水)处理中的研究现状进行综述,重点探讨了好氧颗粒污泥处理该类物质的影响因素、去除机制及其微生物特性等,指出其在难降解废水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

生物处理法的新改进(日本专利简介)

生物处理的代表性方法是利用嫌气微生物的嫌气消化法(污泥消化)和利用好气微生物的生物滤池法和活性污泥法。好气方法中前者是利用附着于媒体上的微生物处理废水,属此类型的还有塔式滤池、生物转盘、浸水滤床(如碎石曝气、枝条曝气等);后者是利用悬浮流动状态的微生物处理废水,属此类型的还有阶段曝气、生物吸附、完全氧     

Performance intensification of Prague wastewater treatment plant.

Prague wastewater treatment plant was intensified during 1994--1997 by construction of new regeneration tank and four new secondary settling tanks. Nevertheless, more stringent effluent limits and operational problems gave rise to necessity for further intensification and optimisation of plant performance. This paper describes principal operational problems of the plant and shows solutions and achieved results that have lead to plant performance stabilisation. The following items are discussed: low nitrification capacity, nitrification bioaugmentation, activated sludge bulking, insufficient sludge disposal capacity, chemical precipitation of raw wastewater, simultaneous precipitation, sludge chlorination, installation of denitrification zones, sludge rising in secondary settling tanks due to denitrification, dosage of cationic polymeric organic flocculant to secondary settling tanks, thermophilic operation of digestors, surplus activated sludge pre-thickening, mathematical modelling.     

Tracking influent inorganic suspended solids through wastewater treatment plants.

From an experimental and theoretical investigation of the continuity of influent inorganic suspended solids (ISS) along the links connecting the primary settling tank (PST), fully aerobic or N removal activated sludge (AS) and anaerobic and aerobic sludge digestion unit operations, it was found that the influent wastewater (fixed) ISS concentration is conserved through primary sludge anaerobic digestion, activated sludge and aerobic digestion unit operations. However, the measured ISS flux at different stages through a series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) unit operations is not equal to the influent ISS flux, because the ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) biomass contributes to the ISS flux by differing amounts depending on the active fraction of the VSS solids at that stage.     

Hydrolysis and fermentation of activated sludge to enhance biological phosphorus removal.

The conventional mainstream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process depends on the quality of the raw incoming wastewater. An alternative sidestream EBPR process is presented, where the substrates for storage by the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) instead come from hydrolysis of the return activated sludge. This process is studied in full-scale at two treatment plants and quantified by means of phosphorus release rates and readily biodegradable COD (RBCOD) accumulation rates. It was seen that not only was a significant amount of RBCOD stored by PAOs but an approximately equal amount was accumulated in the sidestream hydrolysis tank and made available for the subsequent nitrogen removal process. The phosphorus release of the sludge with and without addition of different substrates was furthermore studied in laboratory scale. The study showed that the process is promising and in a number of cases will have significant advantages compared with the conventional mainstream EBPR     

Analysing sludge balance in activated sludge systems with a novel mass transport model

In activated sludge systems the mechanically treated wastewater is biologically cleaned by biomass (activated sludge). The basic requirement of an efficient biological wastewater treatment is to have as a high biomass concentration in the biological reactor (BR) as possible. The activated sludge balance in activated sludge systems is controlled by the settling, thickening, scraper mechanism in the secondary settling tank (SST) and sludge returning. These processes aim at keeping maximum sludge mass in the BR and minimum sludge mass in the SST even in peak flow events (storm water flow). It can be, however, only reached by a high SST performance. The main physical processes and boundary conditions such as inhomogeneous turbulent flow, geometrical features of the SST, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) load, return sludge flow, sludge volume index etc. all influence settling thickening and sludge returning. In the paper a novel mass transport model of an activated sludge system is presented which involves a 2-dimensional SST model coupled with a mixed reactor model of the biological reactor. It makes possible to investigate different sludge returning strategies and their influence on the sludge balance of the investigated activated sludge system, furthermore, the processes determining the flow and concentration patterns in the SST. The paper gives an overview on the first promising model results of a prevailing peak flow event investigation at the WWTP of Graz.     

寿光市城北污水处理厂改良型A~2/O反应池的启动与调试

寿光市城北污水处理厂一期工程处理能力为5万m3/d,以改良型A2/O反应池为核心处理单元,进水中约有60%为工业废水。改良型A2/O反应池的启动调试历时33d,调试结束时,活性污泥性状良好,CODCr、NH3—N、TP完全达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准,反硝化作用明显。结果表明,在调试期间,污泥培养方式、内回流比、好氧池DO等对该污水处理厂改良型A2/O反应池处理能力影响比较明显。     

南京城市给水厂排泥水节水潜力分析

通过调查南京城市给水厂典型排泥构筑物的排泥工况和排泥水水量、水质,分析认为,通过优化排泥工况,絮凝池排泥耗水率可控制在1.3%以下,沉淀池排泥耗水率可控制在0.7%左右,滤池反冲洗耗水率可控制在2%以下,给水厂总排泥耗水率可从原先的4%～7%降至4%以下.同时能回收利用80%以上的沉淀池排泥水和100%的滤池反冲洗水,为南京城市给水厂节约原水3.4万～5.9万m~3/d,节省原水费240万～420万元/a,环境经济效益可观.     

Insitu bioaugmentation of nitrification in the regeneration zone: practical application and experiences at full-scale plants.

Nitrification is the rate-limiting process in the design of activated sludge process. It is especially unstable during the winter season (when the temperature of activated sludge mixed liquor drops below 13 degrees C). It is therefore difficult to meet the ammonia effluent standards in winter. The common way to compensate for low nitrification rates at low temperatures is to increase sludge retention time (SRT). However, the increase of SRT is accompanied by negative factors such as elevated sludge concentration, higher sludge loading of secondary clarifiers, formation of unsettleable microflocs, etc. The low performance of nitrification at low temperatures can also be compensated for by enhancing the nitrification population in activated sludge. This paper describes such a method called bioaugmentation of nitrification in situ. This procedure takes place in a so-called regeneration tank, which is situated in the return activated sludge stream. The results of the operation of two wastewater treatment plants with regeneration zones are described in this paper, together with some economic evaluation of the bioaugmentation method.     

Application of vibration milling for advanced wastewater treatment and excess sludge reduction

As a new sludge reduction technology with a phosphorus removal mechanism, a vibration milling technology that uses iron balls have been applied to the wastewater treatment process. Three anaerobic-aerobic cyclic activated sludge processes: one without sludge disintegration; one disintegrated sludge by ozonation; and the other disintegrated sludge with the vibrating ball mill were compared. Ozonation achieved the best sludge reduction performance, but milling had the best phosphorus removal. This is because iron was mixed into the wastewater treatment tank due to abrasion of the iron balls, leading to settling of iron phosphates. Thus, the simple means of using iron balls as the medium in a vibrating ball mill can achieve both a sludge reduction of half and excellent phosphorus removal. Material balances in the processes were calculated and it was found that carbon components in disintegrated sludge were more resistant to biological treatment than nitrogen.     

Biosensor-based control of nitrification inhibitor in municipal wastewater treatment plants.

The effect of potassium cyanide (KCN) on nitrification processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants was studied by batch nitrification tests, which indicated that nitrification processes tend to be inhibited at a lower KCN concentration than the present discharge standard to sewerage. The experiment of the biosensor using nitrifying bacteria was also conducted for continuous monitoring of nitrification inhibitor in influent wastewater, and demonstrated that the biosensor can detect KCN at as low as EC10 of the abovementioned batch nitrification test. Moreover, to determine the effectiveness of application of the biosensor to avoid the impact of KCN due to an accidental spillage in a sewerage system, KCN was intentionally injected into the experimental models of activated sludge process equipped both with and without the biosensor. The model with the biosensor that could detect KCN could divert the wastewater including KCN to a refuge tank, which resulted in the avoidance of upset of the activated sludge process. On the other hand, the model without the biosensor was upset in the nitrification process due to KCN. Such differences demonstrate the effectiveness of the biosensor applied to countermeasures of an accidental spillage of toxic chemicals to avoid upset of nitrification in municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

Comparison between ozonation and the OSA process: analysis of excess sludge reduction and biomass activity in two different pilot plants

The excess biomass produced during biological treatment of municipal wastewater represents a major issue worldwide, as its disposal implies environmental, economic and social impacts. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in developing technologies to reduce sludge production. The main proposed strategies can be categorized according to the place inside the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) where the reduction takes place. In particular, sludge minimization can be achieved in the wastewater line as well as in the sludge line. This paper presents the results of two pilot scale systems, to evaluate their feasibility for sludge reduction and to understand their effect on biomass activity: (1) a pilot plant with an ozone contactor in the return activated sludge (RAS) stream for the exposition of sludge to a low ozone dosage; and (2) an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process with high retention time in the anaerobic sludge holding tank have been studied. The results showed that both technologies enabled significant excess sludge reduction but produced a slight decrease of biomass respiratory activity.