湍流边界层内穿层固粒运动性态的研究

本文对固相为稀相的气固两相湍流边界层流动,假定固粒不影响边界层特性并忽略固粒之间的相互作用,在平均场的意义上,分析了穿层固粒所承受的作用力及其他因素对固粒运动性态的影响,研究了固粒穿越边界层后碰撞壁面时的不同现象,提出了固粒运动性态的分类准则,并且对以磨损为着眼点的气固两相边界层的研究前景进行了探讨。     

曲率缓变型反弧段水流的时均特性

本文提出一种曲率缓变型反弧曲线设计方法，用激光测速系统研究了该反弧水流的时均特性，得出反弧段水流时均流速分布，壁面压强，壁面切应力及紊流边界层的沿程变化，与单圆弧反弧体型试验成果比较表明，的反弧曲率的连续缓变，使壁面压强分布和空化数变化缓和，消除了曲率突变存在的逆、顺压力梯度；过渡层紊流强度减小２０－３０％；切应力系数有所下降，反弧末端切应力系数Ｃ＇ｆ减小１０％，本文还对反弧水流紊流边界层厚度的变     

ANALYSIS OF BASSET FORCE OF PARTICLE MOTION IN TURBULENT FLOWS WITH SPECTRAL METHOD

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｗｉｄｅａｖａｉｌａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｅ ｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｔｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＬａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｆｌｏｗｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄｓｏｌｉｄｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｏｒａｉｒｂｕｂｂｌｅｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｄｒａｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ .ＡｌｌｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｗｉｔｈＬａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆ ｐａｒｔ…     

柔性壁对湍流边界层速度型的变形影响

本文从稳定性的观点出发，研究了粘弹性柔性壁对湍流边界层的影响。由柔性壁边办层稳定性问题的特征值计算结果发同，原刚性充边界层的速度型导致流固耦合系统不稳定，对数区上移后的边界层速度型却可以使耦合系统稳定，这说明，在没有水动力学不稳定发生的情况下，柔性壁会使湍流边界层中速度型的对数区上移。     

Water entry of decelerating spheres simulations using improved ISPH method

In this paper, we simulated the vertical impact of spheres on a water surface using three-dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(3-D ISPH) method. The sphere motion is taken to be a rigid body motion and it is modeled by ISPH method. The governing equations are discretized and solved numerically using ISPH method. A stabilized incompressible SPH method by relaxing the density invariance condition is adopted. Here, we computed the motions of a rigid body by direct integration of the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface. The equations of translational and rotational motion were integrated in time domain to update the position of the rigid body at each time step. In this study, we improved the boundary treatment between fluid and fixed solid boundary by using virtual marker technique. In addition, an improved algorithm based on the virtual marker technique for the boundary particles is proposed to treat the moving boundary of the rigid body motion. The force exerted on the moving rigid boundary particles by the surrounding particles, is calculated by the SPH approximation at the virtual marker points. The applicability and efficiency of the current ISPH method are tested by comparison with reference experimental results.     

粗糙床面振荡紊流边界层运动的三维格子玻尔兹曼模拟

该文采用格子玻尔兹曼(LB)方法建立了紧密排列颗粒粗糙床面振荡紊流边界层模拟的三维数学模型。收集粗糙床面波浪水槽实验结果,对水槽实验条件下的振荡流边界层进行模拟,模拟得到的平均流速、紊动特性、等效粗糙高度、摩阻系数和边界层厚度等与实验结果进行了全面对比,并对三维涡旋结构进行了分析。结果表明,所建立的LB数学模型可以合理模拟粗糙床面振荡流边界层流动,能够反映三维涡旋特性,可进一步应用于粗糙床面振荡流紊动特性以及床面粗糙参数的研究。     

溢流反弧段水流边界层有关概念的探讨

本文对溢流反孤段水流边界层的定义方法进行分析讨论。在分析及弧段流速分布的基础上提出离心力附加边界层厚度和粗糙度附加边界层厚度的概念,研究了壁面曲率和壁面粗糙度对溢流反弧段边界层发展的影响。     

水轮机转轮固液两相三维紊流计算及磨损预估

本文在两流体模型的基础上，使用贴体坐标的有限体积法，利用有科氏力修正的κ-ε-Ap两相流紊流模型建立了水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流计算模型。模型中求解了考虑压力对固粒相影响的时均Reynolds动量方程，并利用泥沙相的速度和浓度分布，数值计算了转轮的泥沙磨损。为了验证模型的可行性，用该模型计算了刘家峡HL001-25模型水轮机转轮内部的三维泥沙固液两相紊流流动，数值预估了转轮的泥沙磨损并与磨损试验结果进行了比较。     

含沙水流中水力机械过流部件表面波纹的成因探讨

在含沙水流中运行的水力机械，其过流部位易受泥沙磨损，本文以边界层理论为基础结合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ－ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ旋涡稳定性理论，对湍流边界层中颗粒的运动进行了分析，并提出了两相湍流边界层中决定颗粒运动规律的简化流动模型，即小扰动下连续分布的的相干大涡结构与颗粒的相互作用模型，数理分析表明，模型能较地描述水力机械过流部件表面鱼鳞坑或波纹状破坏轮廓的生成和发展过程。     

Numerical solution of thermo-solutal mixed convective slip flow from a radiative plate with convective boundary condition

A mathematical model for mixed convective slip flow with heat and mass transfer in the presence of thermal radiation is presented. A convective boundary condition is included and slip is simulated via the hydrodynamic slip parameter. Heat generation and absorption effects are also incorporated. The Rosseland diffusion flux model is employed. The governing partial differential conservation equations are reduced to a system of coupled, ordinary differential equations via Lie group theory method. The resulting coupled equations are solved using shooting method. The influences of the emerging parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are investigated. Increasing radiative-conductive parameter accelerates the boundary layer flow and increases temperature whereas it depresses concentration. An elevation in convection-conduction parameter also accelerates the flow and temperatures whereas it reduces concentrations. Velocity near the wall is considerably boosted with increasing momentum slip parameter although both temperature and concentration boundary layer thicknesses are decreased. The presence of a heat source is found to increase momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses but reduces concentration boundary layer thickness. Excellent correlation of the numerical solutions with previous non-slip studies is demonstrated. The current study has applications in bioreactor diffusion flows and high-temperature chemical materials processing systems.     

波浪和水流共同作用下水流时均流速分布

近年来的实验研究表明波流同向与波流逆向时的平均水流流速分布规律相差很大，这些差别是由波浪、水流共同作用所造成的。同时，研究波浪水流共同作用下的水流流速特性对揭示波流相互作用机理也非常关键。本文在建立波流边界层模型的基础上，建立了二维全水深波流数学模型，求解了波流共同作用下边界层内外的流翅构。数值模拟的结果表明：波流同向时上层Euler时均流速减小，波流逆向时上层Euler时均流速增大，数值结果与实验数据有较好的一致性。本文模型的结果较好地解释了波流相互作用的机理。     

含植物明渠紊流流速分布无量纲化方法及流动分区

基于流速分布曲线的几何特点,提出一种新的无量纲化方法,结合水槽实验数据的回归分析,对含植物明渠紊流流速分布律及流动分区进行了研究。基于流速梯度变化率的特点,确定两个特征高度,采用特征高度、特征高度位置处的流速、水深、最大流速4个变量定义了新的无量纲流速和高度,对实验得到的流速数据进行无量纲化处理,进一步拟合得到流速分布律。结果表明,提出的无量纲流速在自由水面附近呈对数分布,对数分布律区域以下到床面的区域可用4段函数表示。根据分布律适用的区域明确流动分区边界,发现边界高度与特征高度并不重合,但和混合层的上下边界近似相等。与其他研究的对比表明,提出的无量纲化方法和流速分段函数分布律以及流动分区对速度描述有效,具有较好的适用性。     

EFFECTS OF SURFACE CURVATURES ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

Some hydraulic measurements have been made in buckets of model overflowdams.The effects of surface curvatures of buckets on velocity,pressure and turbulent boundarylayer have been systematically investigated.The results have shown that the effects of surfacecurvatures on velocity distributions are unproportional and the centrifugal pressure coefficientdefined in the report possesses a transitional quality.A definition of turbulent boundary layerthickness of bucket is suggested and the development of turbulent boundary layer is indicated ex-perimentally.It is found the maximum value of relative boundary layer thickness appears about0.25 of relative arc length.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND NUMERICAL CALCULATION ON TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OF WATER FLOW ALONG CURVED SURFACE

This paper will introduce experimental studies and numerical calculation onturbulent boundary layer of water flow along curved surface in our country in recent years.Onthe basis of the experimental studies,the effects of curvature and roughness on velocitydistribution and pressure distribution and the change of turbulent flow boundary layer onoverflow bucket concave surface is discussed.We proposed the empirical formula of velocity,pressure and the change of turbulent flow boundary layer on outlet bucket concave.According tothe momentum principle,we have deduced the momentum integral equation full water depthboundary layer and using the element as control unit inside the boundary layer on concavesurface of bucket.Combining with continuity equation,we have computed the boundary layerdevelopment on the bucket of a spillway.Compared with the field experimental data,thecalculation results are available.Under polar coordinates,a mathematical model for simulatingtime-averaged flow characteristics in concave surface of bucket is established.The turbulent flowfield on concave surface of bucket is calculated by SIMPLE method and this mathematicalmodel.The flow velocity field,pressure field,distribution of turbulent kinetic energy,distribution of turbulent energy dissipating rate and distribution of shear stress are available.Thecalculation value is consistent with measured test data.     

Investigation on forces exerted on a sediment particle in current and wave boundary layer through 3D lattice Boltzmann simulation

The 3-D lattice Boltzmann method is applied to evaluate the forces exerted on a stationary spherical particle in current and wave boundary layer flow in order to analyze the forces contributing to the incipient motion of the sediment particle. Results indicate that for current, the forces reach statistically steady finally at a relative low particle Reynolds number (less than 40). The streamwise drag force is the main driven force while the effect of the spanwise force can be ignored. The reason that results in the phenomenon is also discussed. As for the wave, the cyclical nature of the flow makes the evolution of drag and lift forces become quasi-periodic. The streamwise drag force is still the main driven force, but it changes direction with the flow. Meanwhile, the spanwise vorticity and the pressure around the particle show asymmetric distribution. The influence of spanwise force on the particle can not be neglected.

     

固液两相流中颗粒受力及其对垂向分选的影响

在不同颗粒浓度条件下，通过考虑颗粒之间的相互作用，对固液两相流中的颗粒受力进行了分析。采用拉格朗日方法对颗粒在一维两相流中垂向运动过程进行了模拟。根据两相流中颗粒分选达到准稳定状态时的分选特征，探讨了作用于颗粒的各种力对颗粒的各种力对颗粒运动和分选结构的影响。推导出颗粒受力与颗粒分选机理之间的关系。     

MEASUREMENT OF A WALL-BOUNDED TURBULENT MIXING LAYER FLOW

1.INTRODUCTION Wall boundedturbulentmixinglayerflowsare ofprimarysignificancetovariousindustrialand militaryapplications.Amongothers,thewall boundedturbulentmixinglayerflowoveranopen ingstep,e.g.,gaseductorconfiguration,received agreatdealofattention.Thesecondaryflowen trainedfromtheopeningbythecoherentstruc tures,whicharequasi deterministicallyembedded inthemixinglayer,ismixedwiththemainflow.Suchflowiscloselyrelatedtoplanemixinglayer flowandreattachingflow.However,fewstudies ofitsturbule…     

波流耦合作用下紊流边界层水沙数学模型

在河口地区,波流相互作用下紊流边界层的泥沙起动输移规律非常复杂,深入探讨其泥沙运动规律很有必要。该文基于波浪边界层的控制方程,引入了时均水流压力,通过波流相互作用下的摩阻流速反映波浪与水流的夹角,用标准k-ε模型封闭方程,建立了波流叠加的紊流边界层内的弱耦合水流模型,分别讨论了波浪速度振幅、时均流速等的分布情况,与实测数据对比得到了较好的模拟结果。其次,基于水流模型建立了泥沙模型,采用对称振荡流和波流相互作用两种情况下的泥沙实测数据验证了泥沙模型的正确性,讨论了不同分布规律的涡黏系数对于模型的影响,为实际工程提供理论参考,结果具有一定的指导意义。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DISPERSION IN OSCILLATING FLOWS WITH REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE WALL REACTIONS

This is a study on the mass transport of a solute or contaminant in oscillating flows through a circular tube with a reactive wall layer. The reaction consists of a reversible component due to phase exchange between the flowing fluid and the wall layer, and an irreversible component due to absorption into the wall. The short-time dispersion characteristics are numerically investigated, incorporating the coupling effects between the flow oscillation, sorption kinetics, and retardation due to phase partitioning. The effects of various dimensionless parameters e.g., Da (the Damköhler number), α (phase partitioning number), Γ(dimensionless absorption number), and δ(dimensionless Stokes boundary layer number) on dispersion are discussed. In particular, it is found that there exist trinal peaks of the breakthrough curves in some cases.     

Numerical investigation of unsteady cavitating turbulent flows around twisted hydrofoil from the Lagrangian viewpoint

Unsteady cavitating turbulent flow around twisted hydrofoil is simulated with Zwart cavitation model combined with the filter-based density correction model(FBDCM).Numerical results simulated the entire process of the 3-D cavitation shedding including the re-entrant jet and side-entrant jet dynamics and were compared with the available experimental data.The distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponent(FTLE) was used to analyze the 3-D behavior of the re-entrant jet from the Lagrangian viewpoint,which shows that it can significantly influence the particle trackers in the attached cavity.Further analysis indicates that the different flow behavior on the suction side with different attack angle can be identified with Lagrangian coherent structures(LCS).For the area with a large attack angle,the primary shedding modifies the flow pattern on the suction side.With the decrease in attack angle,the attached cavity tends to be steady,and LCS A is close to the upper wall.A further decrease in attack angle eliminates LCS A in the boundary layer.The FTLE distribution also indicates that the decreasing attack angle induces a thinner boundary layer along the foil surface on the suction side.