中和水解酸化生物接触氧化混凝气浮吸附处理山梨酸生产废水

针对山梨酸生产废水中主要污染物的理化性质和山梨酸对微生物具有抑制作用的特点,首先进行石灰中和-沉淀处理,使部分污染物转为沉淀物得以去除,并将废水的pH值提高到7~8,减弱生化处理阶段山梨酸对微生物的抑制作用。在生化阶段,采用水解酸化-好氧工艺,利用厌气菌和乳酸菌分解废水中残留的山梨酸,同时兼性细菌(水解菌和产酸菌)可将废水中的大分子有机物分解为易生化的小分子有机物,BOD5与COD之比值从0.19提高到0.30,改善了废水的可生化性,为后续好氧处理创造条件,提高生化处理的整体效果。实际工程运行效果表明:中和-水解酸化-好氧-混凝气浮-吸附工艺可将废水的ρ(COD)从15 000 mg/L降至100 mg/L以下,主要污染指标均达到国家排放标准。     

Fenton试剂处理选矿废水的试验研究

研究用Fenton试剂处理含苯胺黑药(二苯胺基二硫代磷酸)模拟废水和实际选矿废水,分别考查了反应初始pH值、Fe2+浓度及H2O2用量对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:氧化时间为10 min,反应初始pH值为4,ρ(Fe2+)=1.83 g/L,ρ(H2O2)=5.55 g/L,模拟废水苯胺黑药的质量浓度为300 mg/L时,COD去除率达到83.6%;对于实际废水,当ρ(Fe2+)=50mg/L,pH值=3.5,ρ(H2O2)=1800mg/L时,出水ρ(COD)从1000mg/L降到32 mg/L,COD去除率为96.8%,达到废水排放标准,药剂成本估计为每处理1 m3废水需要费用18元。     

不同工艺对石油采出废水处理的对比试验

采用三种不同的工艺 (隔油 -破乳絮凝 -砂滤、隔油 -水解酸化 -SBR和隔油 -破乳絮凝 -SBR)对某油田采油废水进行了对比性试验研究。试验结果表明 :某油田采油废水经隔油 -破乳絮凝 -SBR处理后 ,COD及BOD去除率分别达到了 95 %和 90 %以上 ,出水指标达到了国家含油废水排放标准和回注水标准 ;经过隔油 -破乳絮凝 -砂滤处理后 ,COD和油去除率分别达到 85 %和95 %以上 ,COD没有达到排放标准 ,油达到了排放标准 ;经隔油 -水解酸化 -SBR工艺处理后 ,COD及BOD去除率分别达到 85 %左右和 90 %以上 ,BOD达到了排放水标准 ,但COD没有达到排放标准 ,仍需后续处理     

水解酸化—BAF处理含油废水的试验研究

含油废水具有毒性大、COD浓度高、可生化性差等特点,对水体、土壤以及动植物健康都有较大危害。采用水解酸化—曝气生物滤池(BAF)两段式工艺对陕西某油田经过滤后的含油废水进行处理,分别考察了水解酸化段和BAF的运行效果,确定了BAF工艺的最优工况,并对影响系统运行效果的主要因素进行了试验研究和理论分析。     

强化微电解-水解酸化-SBR处理造纸废水的效果

研究采用混凝、强化微电解、水解酸化和SBR组合技术处理造纸废水的效果。结果表明,废水经混凝处理、H_2O_2/MnO_2/微电解处理后,废水COD、SS、NH3-N、TP、BOD的去除率分别为88.23%、98.47%、86.78%、98.68%和82.56%,废水的可生化性由0.32提高到0.42;经水解酸化和SBR处理后,出水中COD平均质量浓度为85 mg/L,SS质量浓度为0 mg/L,NH3-N平均质量浓度为1.42 mg/L,TP平均质量浓度为0.1 mg/L,BOD平均质量浓度为30 mg/L。工程连续运行15d,进水中COD平均质量浓度为5 865 mg/L,出水中COD平均质量浓度为85 mg/L,COD总去除率为98.55%,出水达到废水一级排放要求。     

水解酸化-气浮-SBR工艺处理亚麻废水

亚麻废水是一种较难降解的有机废水 ,用单一的好氧生物法处理效果不好。采用水解酸化 气浮 SBR工艺处理亚麻废水 ,设计处理能力 10 0 0m3/d ,设计废水水质为 :COD 80 0～ 10 0 0mg/L ,BOD 4 0 0～ 5 0 0mg/L ,SS 2 0 0～ 30 0mg/L ,pH 7。在保证酸化水解调节池正常运行的条件下 ,COD去除率可达 2 5 %以上 ,再经气浮及SBR处理 ,COD去除率可达 85 % ,出水水质达标     

纱线筒染废水的分质收集与处理试验

以电导率为分质指标,对纱线筒染废水进行“清浊分质”收集,并对收集到的轻废水进行接触氧化、超滤、反渗透处理;对重废水进行水解酸化、接触氧化、混凝沉淀处理,最后对轻废水减缓膜污染方面进行优势分析。结果表明：轻废水经处理后,ρ（ COD ）＜17 mg/L、色度1倍、ρ（ Fe3＋）≤0.1 mg/L、ρ（ Mn）＝0.05～0.09 mg/L、硬度为50～80 mg/L,水质优于印染用水要求,并且能够减缓膜系统污染速率;重废水经处理后,ρ（ COD ）＜50 mg/L、ρ（ NH3-N ）＝1.71～2.93 mg/L、色度小于50倍,满足重点工业行业废水排放要求;表明采用以电导率为指标的废水分质收集与处理方法,自动化程度高、分质准确,有效缓解了后续处理负荷,减缓了膜污染,提高了废水回用率。     

湿式氧化技术处理化工废水的研究

采用湿式氧化技术处理在生产磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶过程中产生的高浓度有机废水。在反应温度为250℃,初始ρ(COD)为4 575 mg/L,反应时间为2 h,pH值为7~8时,采用湿式双氧水氧化和催化湿式氧化,COD去除率分别为78.3%和92.0%,表明催化湿式氧化具有较好的COD去除效果。同时考察了催化湿式氧化中反应温度、反应时间、废水pH值对COD去除率的影响。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器处理乳品废水的研究

研究厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器中温处理乳品废水的运行工况。讨论在不同水力停留时间、容积负荷、pH值条件下对COD去除率的影响,并对进出水总氮及氨氮的变化情况进行研究。试验表明:厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器处理乳品废水,在水力停留时间为8h、中温35℃条件下,COD去处率达到80%以上,对总氮的去除约为8%,出水有机氮的氨化率达70%以上,ρ(BOD)/ρ(COD)由进水的0 5提高到0 8以上。     

精细化工废水处理工艺研究及工程实践

甘肃某精细化工企业产生的精细化工废水,COD 6 500～12 600 mg/L、BOD5 670～1 120 mg/L、氨氮130～180 mg/L、TDS 8 000～9 000 mg/L,成分复杂,COD值高,B/C值低,盐分含量高,属于有毒、难降解有机废水.在实验室研究基础上,确定采用铁碳微电解—混凝沉淀—水解酸化—好氧处理工艺,并辅以优质铁碳材料、高温水解酸化、微生物固定化载体和玉米面强化共代谢等强化处理手段.结果表明,该工艺抗冲击负荷能力强、处理效果好、运行稳定,处理后水质优于《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962-2015)中B等级指标.     

Catalytic oxidation with Al-Ce-Fe-PILC as a post-treatment system for coffee wet processing wastewater

The effluent from the anaerobic biological treatment of coffee wet processing wastewater (CWPW) contains a non-biodegradable compound that must be treated before it is discharged into a water source. In this paper, the wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO) process using Al-Ce-Fe-PILC catalysts was researched as a post-treatment system for CWPW and tested in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and 25 °C. The Al-Ce-Fe-PILC achieved a high conversion rate of total phenolic compounds (70%) and mineralization to CO(2) (50%) after 5 h reaction time. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coffee processing wastewater after wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation was reduced in 66%. The combination of the two treatment methods, biological (developed by Cenicafé) and catalytic oxidation with Al-Ce-Fe-PILC, achieved a 97% reduction of COD in CWPW. Therefore, the WHPCO using Al-Ce-Fe-PILC catalysts is a viable alternative for the post-treatment of coffee processing wastewater.     

蒸馏-吸附法处理橡胶促进剂废水

采用蒸馏-吸附法对高浓度难降解橡胶促进剂CBS废水进行了试验研究。结果表明:该组合工艺十分有效,ρ(COD)从40 000 mg/L降到150 mg/L以下,COD总去除率达到99.6%以上,色度从150倍降到0,脱色率达到100%,出水可以达标排放。     

High COD wastewater treatment in an aerobic SBR: treatment of effluent from a small farm goat's cheese dairy.

In France, small goat's cheese dairies using traditional craft methods often have no profitable solution for dealing with the whey byproduct of their cheesemaking activity: it is usually mixed with the cleaning wastewater which, in the absence of other possibilities, is then discharged directly into the environment. The volume of such wastewater is small but it has a high COD of around 12-15 g/L. An aerobic SBR was proposed as a method for treating the mixture of wastewater and whey and the first installation was set up on a farm with 170 goats. Its operations were monitored for 7.5 months, particularly in order to measure any excess volume of sludge and to check that such excess remained within acceptable limits, given the high COD of the effluent requiring treatment. The results obtained show that the treated wastewater was of excellent quality, well within the most rigorous discharge norms. With this type of wastewater, excess sludge was produced in only very low amounts with 0.2 g of SS/g of COD. Moreover, the sludge proved to be quick settling which made it possible to: i) maintain a high level of SS in the reactor (up to 15 g/L); ii) withdraw sludge with concentrations reaching 30 g/L after 2 hours of settling. This resulted in a low volume of excess sludge (less than 5% of treated volume), making such aerobic biological treatment in an SBR competitive when compared to the straightforward spreading of all the wastewater.     

京杭运河杭州段水污染源特征与截污措施建议

京杭运河杭州段地势低洼,一直是杭州城市和沿线郊区的污水受纳场所。经调查,在城区运河干流沿线两岸的合流管线污染源共有521处,其中生活污染源占95.2％,排入运河主河道污水量21820 m3／d。采用等标污染负荷法评价污染源,得出主要污染源80个,主要污染物为COD、BOD和NH3-N。提出了截污的基本原则和设想。     

Effect of recirculation on organic matter removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system

This research project aimed to determine the technologically feasible and applicable wastewater treatment systems which will be constructed to solve environmental problems caused by small communities in Turkey. Pilot-scale treatment of a small community's wastewater was performed over a period of more than 2 years in order to show applicability of these systems. The present study involves removal of organic matter and suspended solids in serially operated horizontal (HFCW) and vertical (VFCW) sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. The pilot-scale wetland was constructed downstream of anaerobic reactors at the campus of TUBITAK-MRC. Anaerobically pretreated wastewater was introduced into this hybrid two-stage sub-surface flow wetland system (TSCW). Wastewater was first introduced into the horizontal sub-surface flow system and then the vertical flow system before being discharged. Recirculation of the effluent was tested in the system. When the recirculation ratio was 100%, average removal efficiencies for TSCW were 91 +/- 4% for COD, 83 +/- 10% for BOD and 96 +/- 3% for suspended solids with average effluent concentrations of 9 +/- 5 mg/L COD, 6 +/- 3 mg/L BOD and 1 mg/L for suspended solids. Comparing non-recirculation and recirculation periods, the lowest effluent concentrations were obtained with a 100% recirculation ratio. The effluent concentrations met the Turkish regulations for discharge limits of COD, BOD and TSS in each case. The study showed that a hybrid constructed wetland system with recirculation is a very effective method of obtaining very low effluent organic matter and suspended solids concentrations downstream of anaerobic pretreatment of domestic wastewaters in small communities.     

Simultaneous domestic wastewater treatment and renewable energy production using microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCS) can be used in wastewater treatment and to simultaneously produce electricity (renewable energy). MFC technology has already been applied successfully in lab-scale studies to treat domestic wastewater, focussing on organic matter removal and energy production. However, domestic wastewater also contains nitrogen that needs to be treated before being discharged. The goal of this paper is to assess simultaneous domestic wastewater treatment and energy production using an air-cathode MFC, paying special attention to nitrogen compound transformations. An air-cathode MFC was designed and run treating 1.39 L d(-1) of wastewater with an organic load rate of 7.2 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) (80% removal efficiency) and producing 1.42 W m(-3). In terms of nitrogen transformations, the study demonstrates that two different processes took place in the MFC: physical-chemical and biological. Nitrogen loss was observed increasing in line with the power produced. A low level of oxygen was present in the anodic compartment, and ammonium was oxidised to nitrite and nitrate.     

Activity of sulphate reducing bacteria according to COD/SO4(2-) ratio of acrylonitrile wastewater containing high sulphate.

This study was performed to evaluate the biodegradability of acrylonitrile wastewater, microbial inhibition effect of acrylonitrile wastewater on removal efficiency and the activity of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) according to COD/sulphate ratio. Acrylonitrile wastewater was hardly biodegradable in a biodegradability test, however, SRB activity was 57% for overall consumption of electron donor and it was relatively high value compared to 17% of reference test with glucose. COD removal of acrylonitrile wastewater was improved to 57% and 61% from 20% as the COD/sulphate ratio were 0.5 and 0.3 by sulphate addition to acrylonitrile wastewater. First order reaction rate constants k on organic removal of acrylonitrile wastewater were 0.001, 0.004 and 0.004 at each COD/sulphate ratio of 0.9, 0.5 and 0.3. Thus it was suggested that the activity of SRB was a significant factor for removing organics and sulphate simultaneously in acrylonitrile wastewater.     

Fenton试剂处理港口化学品洗舱废水

根据珠海某港口化学品洗舱废水的组成,配置甲醛、甲苯、苯酚的单独污染物模拟废水,采用Fenton试剂对港口废水和模拟废水进行氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、pH值、反应时间下各种废水COD的去除情况,确定了各种废水最佳的操作条件。港口废水在最佳的操作条件下COD去除率约为88%,废水的COD质量浓度从2 000~2 200 mg/L降到低于280 mg/L,废水由原来的无法生化变为易生物降解。苯酚、甲醛、甲苯模拟废水在各自最佳的操作条件下,COD去除率也都达到85%以上。     

Production integrated treatment of textile wastewater by closing raw material cycles.

A method for the in-house treatment of partial wastewater flows and the recycling of treated process water into the textile finishing process was developed in order to recycle effluents from textile finishing industry and feed them back into the production process. The method is based on a two-stage biological anaerobic-aerobic process to split colouring wastewater agents and to degrade organic substances contained in the water as well as a chemical stage to remove the remaining color of the water with the help of ozone. In the framework of a research and development project a demonstration plant for a treatment capacity of 1440 m3 per working day was installed and started in a textile finishing company. At the plant, a wastewater flow and a recycling flow are treated separately in two different treatment lanes. Approximately 40% of the total wastewater flows, i.e. 576 m3/d are treated in the wastewater lane, and a maximum of 60% of total wastewater, i.e. 864 m3/d are treated in the recycling lane. Thanks to the preliminary treatment of wastewater flows, which are discharged into the municipal sewage works, a reduction of average COD levels in the sewage works effluents could be achieved.     

Re-use of winery wastewaters for biological nutrient removal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the re-use of the winery wastewater to enhance the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. In batch experiments it was observed that the addition of winery wastewater mainly enhanced the nitrogen removal process because of the high denitrification potential (DNP), of about 130 mg N/g COD, of the contained substrates. This value is very similar to that obtained by using pure organic substrates such as acetate. The addition of winery wastewater did not significantly affect either phosphorus or COD removal processes. Based on the experimental results obtained, the optimum dosage to remove each mg of N-NO3 was determined, being a value of 6.7 mg COD/mg N-NO3. Because of the good properties of the winery wastewater to enhance the nitrogen removal, the viability of its continuous addition in an activated sludge pilot-scale plant for BNR was studied. Dosing the winery wastewater to the pilot plant a significant increase in the nitrogen removal was detected, from 58 to 75%. The COD removal was slightly increased, from 89 to 95%, and the phosphorus removal remained constant.