考虑升沉和纵倾的方尾船非线性兴波阻力计算

为了更准确地预报方尾船阻力并提高船型优化设计的效率,开发了考虑升沉和纵倾影响的方尾船型非线性兴波阻力计算程序。采用Wyatt公式进行非线性迭代,选用Raven优化得到的四点迎风差分格式及配置点前移方法来满足辐射条件。采用面元上置的方法来消除奇异性,同时提高数值稳定性。以DTMB5415方尾船为数值模型,采用本文方法对考虑升沉和纵倾、不考虑升沉和纵倾两种状态的非线性兴波问题进行求解,与试验结果对比表明,本文方法计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与试验结果吻合较好,同时,当傅汝德数大于0.3时,升沉及纵倾对阻力计算结果影响明显,数值计算时应予以考虑。     

最小阻力船型优化研究

本文基于线性兴波阻力理论，把控制尾流分离作为约束条件，利用优化计算方法对设计水线下船体外形进行优化研究。以数学船型Ｗｉｇｌｅｙ船型为母型进行了计算，分别讨论了最小兴波阻力船型和最小总阻力船型的确定方法，并将所得到的改良船型进行了船模阻力试验，结果证实了本优化设计方法的可靠性。     

一种基于CFD的船舶总阻力预报方法

根据船体阻力成因和预报方法的讨论分析,提出了基于CFD理论计算进行实船阻力预报的一种新方法,基于黏性流理论对叠模求解以获得船体黏性阻力,基于理想流体理论直接求解Euler方程获得船体兴波阻力。通过对系列60船型与KCS船型在各航速下船体阻力计算和试验结果的比较表明,该方法计算速度快,经济性好,预报精度满足工程需要,有较强的工程实用性。     

用Guilloton方法计算船舶兴波特性

本文用Guilloton方法计算兴波阻力。作者利用位于纵中剖面上Kelvin源的特性,本文的计算能大幅度节省计算的时耗。 文中提供了Wigley船型与及“Series-60,C_B=0.60”船型的兴波阻力及波型等。比较表明,无论是同试验资料或是别的一些计算相比,本结果一般都是令人满意的。     

计及航行姿态变化的高速多体船阻力预报

对于高速航行的船舶,由于船体航行姿态变化明显,以该吃水下设计浮态为基准的阻力计算结果并不能准确预报其实际航行阻力.本文针对多体船高速行驶的兴波问题,采用动网格技术实现了基于动力学平衡预报船体航行时姿态变化和阻力计算,研究中就高速行驶的三体船绕流场进行了模拟计算,并和相关实验进行了比较.研究表明动网格技术应用避免了由于船体运动造成流场网格扭曲与计算发散等问题,具有良好的稳定性,该方法充分考虑了船体姿态的影响,对高速多体船的兴波阻力计算预报更为准确.     

Kelvin源求解船行波及其在总阻力估算上的应用

针对船行波与船体总阻力预报,采用Kelvin源格林函数的远场波动项及其偏导数在水平线段上的解析积分公式计算Wigley船型、S60船型的兴波问题和船体表面速度分布。基于兴波问题所得的速度分布计算船体面元的局部雷诺数和摩擦阻力系数,又根据巴普米尔经验公式估算黏压阻力系数从而进一步求解船舶总阻力系数,对比该文方法所得的船舶总阻力系数和实验测量数据,证明该文的方法可以准确高效地计算船舶总阻力。     

自由面区域变换法解三体船兴波问题

为求解三体船兴波问题,基于线性自由面条件的势流兴波理论Rankine源方法,利用物理平面与计算平面的转换关系计算自由面上物理量的导数,开发了三体船兴波阻力预报程序.采用该方法和程序,对不同侧体布局的Wigley三体船兴波阻力及波形进行计算,并将计算结果与模型试验结果、其他作者数值计算结果进行比较,验证了该方法对三体船的适用性,表明采用贴水线网格及自由面区域变换法解三体船兴波问题可提高三体船兴波问题求解效率.     

基于MOPSO算法的船舶兴波阻力多目标优化

粒子群优化算法(PSO)是一种进化算法,它与遗传算法相比,不需要编码,没有交叉和变异操作,粒子只是通过内部速度进行更新,因此,易于实现。另外,PSO算法具有较好的记忆,好的解的知识所有粒子都保存,因此收敛速度较快。Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO)算法是适应多目标优化的粒子群算法。该文基于MOPSO算法和Neumann-Michell理论对KCS在给定两个航速下的兴波阻力性能进行综合优化。以船型变换参数为设计变量,兴波阻力为目标函数,采用自由变形方法(FFD)对船舶首部和船体后半体进行变形,通过OPTShip-SJTU求解器优化兴波阻力。通过自编MOPSO算法对多目标函数进行优化,成功得到系列优化船型。并选择3个优化船型与母型船进行进一步的数值模拟,对比分析。     

高速三体船兴波阻力与片体布局优化研究

本文据线性兴波阻力理论推导了辅船体与主船体水下体积不相等情况下的兴波阻力计算公式，据此以数学船型作为片体对高速三体船片体兴波干扰规律、兴波阻力曲线规律进行了研究，并采用简单枚举与等值线图谱相结合的方法对片体布局优化问题进行了探讨。     

基于遗传算法与NM理论的船型优化

阻力性能的优化一直是船舶设计工作的重要环节,它将直接决定船舶的经济性和适用性。该文利用基于Neumann-Michell(NM)势流理论自主开发的船舶兴波阻力计算求解器NMShip-SJTU和遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA),对标准船型Series 60进行船型优化分析。利用平移法(Shifting Method)与径向基函数法(radial basis function method,RBF)修改船体曲面,开发了一套包含优化算法、船型变换模块在内的全自动船型优化程序(OPTShip-SJTU),并应用。高航速(Fr=0.30)下的Series 60船型的优化,得到能使兴波阻力有效减小的优化船型。     

三体船船型分析及兴波干扰的模型试验研究

以本文设计的高速三体船型线为研究对象，分析了三体船船型的特点。应用均匀设计法进行了三体船兴波干扰的模型试验研究，依据试验结果分析了片体位置对三体船兴波干扰的影响，比较了同用途三体船与单体船的阻力性能，并讨论了多体船快速性试验结果的换算问题。     

THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE HULL FORM WITH THE MINIMUM WAVE MAKING RESISTANCE BASED ON RANKINE SOURCE METHOD

The hull form optimization concerns one of the most important applications of wave making resistance theories. In order to obtain a hull form with the minimum wave making resistance, an optimization design method based on the CFD is proposed, which combines the Rankine source method with the nonlinear programming (NLP). The bow-body shape is optimized with the minimum wave making resistance as the objective function. A hull form modification function is introduced to represent an improved hull surface, which can be used to generate a new smooth hull surface by multiplying it by the offset data of the original hull surface. The parameters of the hull form modification function are taken as the design variables. Other constraint conditions can also be considered, for example, in optimizing the lines of the bow, appropriate displacements can be taken as the basic constraints. S60 hull form is selected as the original hull. Three improved hulls are obtained by optimal design. Rankine source method proves to be an effective method in ship form optimization based on analysis of the resistance performance and lines of the improved hull.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

Ship hull optimization based on wave resistance using wavelet method

The ship hull surface optimization based on the wave resistance is an important issue in the ship engineering industry. The wavelet method may provide a convenient tool for the surface hull optimization. As a preliminary study, we use the wavelet method to optimize the hull surface based on the Michel wave resistance for a Wigley model in this paper. Firstly, we express the model's surface by the wavelet decomposition expressions and obtain a reconstructed surface and then validate its accuracy. Secondly, we rewrite the Michel wave resistance formula in the wavelet bases, resulting in a simple formula containing only the ship hull surface's wavelet coefficients. Thirdly, we take these wavelet coefficients as optimization variables, and analyze the main wave resistance distribution in terms of scales and locations, to reduce the number of optimization variables. Finally, we obtain the optimal hull surface of the Wigley model through genetic algorithms, reducing the wave resistance almost by a half. It is shown that the wavelet method may provide a new approach for the hull optimization.     

多体船型在静水中的兴波阻力研究

该文利用Michell线性兴波理论,从单体船的波谱函数出发,依据波谱函数的可叠加性推广到多体船,推导了单体船、双体船、三体船、四体船以及五体船的兴波阻力计算公式,给出了各种多体船型兴波干扰成分的研究,并将相关船型的阻力计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,比较表明计算的兴波阻力结果可以反映试验趋势,有效功率比较接近于试验结果,可以为方案论证阶段多体船的方案选优提供依据.     

Hydrodynamic interaction.among hull,rudder and bank for a ship sailing along a bank in restricted waters

By applying a CFD tool to solve the RANS equations, the viscous flow around a model of hull-rudder system towed along a bank in shallow water is numerically simulated. Hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated for different ship-bank distances and rudder angles. A container ship, KCS, is taken as an example for the numerical study. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the influences of free surface elevation and ship squat are assumed to be negligible. Based on the calculation results, the hydrodynamic interaction among the hull, rudder and bank is analyzed.     

An overview of simulation-based hydrodynamic design of ship hull forms

This review paper presents an overview of simulation-based hydrodynamic design optimization of ship hull forms. A computational tool that is aimed to accomplishing early-stage simulation-based design in terms of hydrodynamic performance is discussed in detail. The main components of this computational tool consist of a hydrodynamic module, a hull surface modeling module, and an optimization module. The hydrodynamic module includes both design-oriented simple CFD tools and high-fidelity CFD tools. These integrated CFD tools are used for evaluating hydrodynamic performances at different design stages. The hull surface modeling module includes various techniques for ship hull surface representation and modification. This module is used to automatically produce hull forms or modify existing hull forms in terms of hydrodynamic performance and design constraints. The optimization module includes various optimization algorithms and surrogate models, which are used to determine optimal designs in terms of given hydrodynamic performance. As an illustration of the computational tool, a Series 60 hull is optimized for reduced drag using three different modification strategies to outline the specific procedure for conducting simulation-based hydrodynamic design of ship hull forms using the present tool. Numerical results show that the present tool is well suited for the hull form design optimization at early design stage because it can produce effective optimal designs within a short period of time.     

驶经桥墩船体非定常水动力相互作用数值预报

应用CFD软件对船舶通过桥区时的船体-桥墩水动力相互作用进行数值研究,通过使用动网格技术及UDF进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,对船舶沿直线航线匀速驶经桥墩时的非定常粘性流场进行数值模拟,对桥墩诱导的船体非定常水动力进行数值预报,其中假设船舶航速很小,因而自由面兴波的影响可以忽略。以一艘集装箱船和一个垂直柱体桥墩模型为例,选取不同的船体-桥墩横向距离进行了数值计算,得到了作用在船体上的横向力和转首力矩时历曲线,分析了船体-桥墩横向距离对船体非定常水动力的影响。     

湍流模型在船舶计算流体力学中的适用性研究

采用CFD 技术研究船舶黏性流场,能提供迅速的、准确的和低成本的船舶水动力性能以及全面、精细的流场信息预报结果,将有望成为船舶航行性能预报和优化的主要手段之一.通过总结前人对各种湍流模型在流场计算中的应用研究,对船舶CFD中湍流模型的选择方法进行了讨论.并采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型、标准k-ω模型及SST k-ω 模型分别对集装箱船、油船和散货船绕流流场进行了数值计算,通过对流场分析及与试验结果比较得到了一些有意义的结论.