共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
基于湍流猝发的明渠流悬沙浓度分布 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
泥沙悬浮是湍流猝发直接作用的结果,本文基于这一力学机理,利用湍流猝发平均持续时间和猝发强度构造明渠流悬沙湍流扩散模式。模式涉及的唯一参数线性地随悬沙沉降速度对摩阻流速的比值增大而增大,表征较粗、较重的泥沙颗粒的悬浮需要具有更多能量、持续时间更长的湍流猝发作用与之相适应,物理意义明确。经水槽实验资料验证,本模式可精确模拟悬沙浓度沿垂线的分布。对类似流动中其它异质污染物的湍流扩散,该模式有直接的应用价 相似文献
2.
半圆管惯性分离器气固两相流动数值模拟 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用数值方法对半圆管惯性分离器内的两相流动进行了模拟,连续相、颗粒相、颗粒轨迹计算分别采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)、离散相模型(DPM)和随机轨道模型。得到了该类分离器内的速度、压力、湍流强度、湍动能、耗散率等的分布情况.气流速度对颗粒轨迹、分离效率、阻力的影响,颗粒浓度与分离效率的关系,以及最佳颗粒浓度及磨损的大致区域。 相似文献
3.
4.
本文建立了具有法向压力梯度项和沙粒作用项的粗糙底壁附近流场的运动方程,结合对粘性底层和过渡区内层交界面的分析方法和小扰动稳定性理论,由理论分析和数值计算得到了流动雷诺数、无量纲扰动波数、无量纲两相法向平均速度差、斯托克斯数、壁面的粗糙元以及悬浮沙粒的质量浓度等因素与水流底壁湍流猝发角乃至猝发难易程度的关系,部分结果与已有的实验结果进行了比较.文中所得结论有助于进一步了解挟沙水流近壁流场和悬浮泥沙的运动特性以及泥沙的沉积和输运机理. 相似文献
5.
6.
应用二维湍流计算方法和试验手段,对采用了新型三维导叶的混流式模型水轮机进行了研究。数值计算中,采用了全三维全流道的湍流计算方法,基于标准κ-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC数值方法,从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口,包含所有流道在内的整体一次完成计算,得到速度场和压力场的分布,分析了不同导叶形式对水轮机流动的影响。通过试验分析了模型水轮机的能量特性和压力脉动情况。 相似文献
7.
水涡轮机械中的湍流固-液两相流动及磨损研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘小兵 《水动力学研究与进展(A辑)》1996,(6)
导出了固体颗粒在任意流场中运动的Lagrangian方程,对此方程进行线性化,并求出了其颗粒运动方程的解析通解。使用颗粒运动方程数值求解和分析了稀疏颗粒湍流场中固体颗粒的运动。建立了湍流固-液两相流的K-ε双方程湍流模型、体积分数湍流模型、Eunlerian-Lagransian混合湍流模型以及颗粒磨损模型,利用这些模型对一些水涡轮机械过流通道内的流动及固壁磨损进行了数值模拟,其预测结果与实验结果较为一致 相似文献
8.
圆管内流体进入多孔介质的流动分析与计算 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文对圆管内不可压缩流体从自由空间区域进入多孔介质区域的流动进行分析,首先分别得到两种区域中充分发展流动的理论解,然后对整个区域采用流线迭代法进行数值计算。 相似文献
9.
10.
以物理模型试验为基础,利用VOF模型与RNGkε湍流模型相结合的方法,对横置圆筒绕流流场进行三维数值模拟。通过建立模型,分析不同时刻计算域内的相体积分布及其圆筒周围速度场和压力场的分布,并将数值模拟结果与物理模型试验结果进行对比,结果表明,模拟值与试验值吻合较好,且其结果符合流体动力学基本理论,并说明VOF能够有效模拟水流自由表面,适用于闸门等水工建筑物内水流流动的数值模拟。 相似文献
11.
根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
12.
《给水排水》2014,(9)
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc. 相似文献
13.
The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 106 t CO2eq km2 per year, or 24 × 106 t CO2eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO2eq MWh?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO2eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO2eq MWh?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
16.
17.
Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river. 相似文献
18.
19.
解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明:库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。 相似文献
20.
In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献