生物炭吸附重金属污染物的研究进展

生物炭作为新型吸附剂,其物理化学特性以及其对环境中的重金属污染物的吸附固定被广泛研究。本文主要对生物炭的表征、特性以及其对重金属污染物的吸附固定的机理研究进展进行综述,并扼要对生物炭的研究方向进行了展望,为未来生物炭的应用提供一定的思路。通过文献总结,我们发现重金属在生物炭上的吸附机理的研究仍然存在矛盾之处;生物炭本身重金属毒性的释放研究是未来生物炭还田应用的研究方向;利用化学手段对生物炭进行化学修饰,以提高其吸附的有效性和针对性是在节能环保的前提下,未来生物炭发展的新方向。     

常温厌氧生物处理技术

常温厌氧生物处理技术是一种有机废弃物处理技术,具有低能耗、微生物生长速度慢、污泥产量少等优点。对常温厌氧生物处理技术从温度、工艺和生物相进行了总结和分析。分析表明,虽然常温厌氧生物处理技术由于受到温度的影响,存在一些不足,如处理效率不稳定,沼气产量相对较少等,但由于不需加热、保温系统,并可从工艺、操作等方面进行调整改进,因此日益受到人们的关注,其研究和应用也趋增多。     

水生微藻制备生物燃料的方法综述

近年来,将生物质能转化为生物燃料的研究发展迅速。本文介绍了以微藻为原料制造两种生物燃料-生物柴油和生物油的技术,并重点介绍了从微藻细胞体内提取微生物油脂的几种细胞破碎工艺。微生物油脂提取工艺的高成本对其工业化生产造成了阻碍,因此亟待研发新的高效廉价的微生物油脂提取技术。另外,一些技术瓶颈限制了由微藻细胞通过热化学法直接制取生物油的规模化应用,为改进微藻制油技术,仍需做大量细致的研究。     

厌氧生物滤池技术研究及应用进展

节能降耗是我国发展的战略要求,开展低能耗厌氧生物技术研究越来越受到重视。综述了厌氧生物滤池技术的发展历程与特点。分析了国内外研究现状,并提出了基于厌氧生物滤池技术、耦合微生物学和水力动力学原理于一体的无动力式生物净化槽技术。鉴于其具有抗冲击负荷能力强、运行稳定、无动力消耗、良好的有机物去除能力和脱氮性能,可广泛应用于分散点源生活污水处理,具有广阔的发展前景。     

水体中亚硝酸盐生物毒性和去除的研究进展

亚硝酸盐广泛存在于水体中,其剧烈的生物毒性越来越受到人们的关注.总结了亚硝酸盐的毒性机理、水体中亚硝酸盐的生物毒性以及去除研究现状,并提出了今后饮用水处理中对亚硝酸盐的研究及利用方向.     

生物的指示作用与水环境

通过对生物的指示作用与水环境关系的分析 ,论述了生物指示作用特点、不同生物类群对水环境的指示作用 ,指出生物指示性在水环境研究中的应用领域和实际价值 ,为充分利用生物的指示作用提供了依据。     

长江流域水生生物监测现状与展望

水生生物可以直接反映水环境质量变化,水环境的恶化会对水生生物产生影响和危害。因此,生物监测技术是水环境监测的一种最直接且有效的手段。介绍了水环境生物监测技术的定义、理论、主要方法及其优越性。列举了长江流域水生生物监测应用的典型案例,并对生物监测技术存在的问题进行了分析,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

生物滤池处理恶臭气体——硫化氢的研究

生物滤池处理恶臭气体———硫化氢的研究硕士生：黄焱歆导师：郭静（天津大学土木工程系３０００７２）本文论述了生物脱臭法在国内外发展的历史及现状，并对生物滤池处理恶臭气体——硫化氢的效果进行了研究。研究结果表明：１生物滤池处理硫化氢具有费用低、安全、容...     

不同生物预处理方式处理受污染水源水的特点研究

论文选择当前微污染水源饮用水处理中的两种常见填料与三种典型的生物处理方式,在同一水源现场条件下进行中试规模的比较研究,得出了以下主要结论:(1)指出生物预处理是综合改善微污染水源水质的有效方法。所研究的两种填料、三种生物预处理方式中,淹没式曝气生物滤池(Ⅰ型)的净化效果要明显高于中心导流筒曝气生物接触氧化池(Ⅱ型)和直接微孔曝气生物接触氧化池(Ⅲ型)。生物处理的净化效果与填料类型、运转方式有密切的联系。Ⅰ型生物池的陶粒比表面积大、单位容积生物池生物膜量与膜活性高是其净化效果高的根本原因。生物池Ⅱ、Ⅲ型不能有…     

生物监测技术在水环境监测中的应用

文章介绍了目前在水环境监测工作中应用的几种生物监测技术,对其原理、应用和未来的研究方向进行了系统阐述。     

环保疏浚底泥堆场余水处理方法及实施装置研究

针对环保疏浚余水处理的复杂性与必要性,本研究采用物理、生物、化学综合处理方法,使疏浚余水依次通过生物排泥池、沉淀池、澄清池,并利用一体化加药设备向余水均匀投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂,经处理的余水排放水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级标准,表明本研究运用的余水处理方法效果明显,实现了疏浚余水达标排放和环保疏浚的连续吹填。     

生物接触氧化源水预处理工程的水流阻力试验研究

生物接触氧化工艺主要由两大系统组成：填料和曝气。本文结合东深供水源水生物接触氧化预处理这个前所未有的特大型水处理工程的有关试验研究，介绍其水力摩阻问题以及其试验研究的方法；根据实测的流速分布和填料挂泥的重量，分析了生物处理汇的水力特性和填料挂泥对工艺处理效果可能产生的影响，为工程的设计提供了依据。     

生化法处理ADC发泡剂废水的试验研究

采用缺氧池、需氧池和间隙曝气池组合工艺生化法处理高浓度氨氮废水———ADC发泡剂。试验表明,在温度为28℃,pH值为7.4~7.8,C/N为5,回流比R为200%和r为150%时,NH3-N去除率可达92.75%;NH3-N负荷对NH3-N的去除率有较大的影响,应低于0.12 kg/(m3.d)。     

Microbial Fe(II)-oxidation by nitrate in activated sludge

The oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by addition of nitrate and nitrite to activated sludge was studied to determine whether the process was biological or chemical (chemodenitrification). It was shown that the process was mainly biological, although the microorganisms involved have not yet been described. Investigations in a full scale treatment plant suggested that the process most likely took place m the anoxic (denitrification) tank. Details of the kinetics and stoichiometry have not yet been determined, but the process may he of significance for keeping Fe(III) oxidized, which is important for P-removal and for floc structure. Furthermore, in some treatment plants, the oxidation may also be of significance for nitrate removal (denitrification).     

THE VELOCITY FIELD OF MULTIPHASE FLOW AND EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL AERATION FILTER

Aeration is an important factor affecting the biological aeration filter. With a set of experiment device specially designed for the purpose, and the particle image velocimetry technique, the velocity field of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is studied under different conditions. The various simulated aeration states were actually applied to the experimental device of sewage treatment, and the results of the numerical simulation were verified. The final experimental results indicate that the most efficient state occurs when the ratio of water in aeration tank h/w=1, the diameter of capillary tubes d=0.6mm and the velocity of bubbles v=0.3m/s.     

A new side stream process for easily degradable industrial waste waters to avoid sludge bulking.

A new treatment scheme for the treatment of easily biodegradable industrial waste waters has been developed. The side stream treatment of dairy waste water with the excess sludge from the domestic treatment line of the regional treatment plant Bad V?slau has been operated successfully for a period of three years during which the industrial load stemming from the dairy increased from 800 kg COD/d to 2,500 kg COD/d with peak loads up to 5,000 kg/d. Despite of the increased load to the treatment plant the total aeration tank volume had not been increased. This treatment is performed in an existing aeration tank of the WWTP (V = 1,800 m3) which is now used as contact tank for the combined aeration of dairy waste water and excess sludge from the domestic treatment line (volume aeration tank = 15,000 m3). In this tank the easily degradable substrate from the industrial waste is mainly adsorbed to the biological sludge and after a mechanical dewatering transferred to the anaerobic digester where it yields in an increased gas production. The filtrate of the dewatering process is completely free from biodegradable material and can without danger of bulking be fed to the aeration tank of the domestic treatment line. The new process has proven to be extremely flexible since already now daily peak loads exceeding the design load by more then 60% could be treated in the plant without any problems. Compared to other alternatives for the dairy waste water treatment that were investigated during this study, the new side stream process is very advantageous. No other pre-treatment process for industrial waste water could have been operated under comparable loading conditions without severe operating problems.     

沉淀池生物污泥回流工艺生物强化作用的研究

利用生物预处理出水中携带的硝化细菌和异养细菌等微生物,在后续沉淀单元产生生物延伸效应,并通过采取沉淀池生物污泥回流强化措施,使沉淀池在去除浊度的同时,产生类似活性污泥法的作用,强化生物净化作用.在增加生物污泥回流前、后,沉淀池出水CODMn平均分别为4.16mg/L、2.72 mg/L,沉淀池出水相对生物预处理出水CODMn的平均去除率由4.65%提高至31.4%,去除效果显著提高.同时,增加生物污泥回流后,对浊度和氨氮的去除也得到进一步的改善.     

Cost-effective upgrading of a biological wastewater treatment plant by using lamella separators with bypass operation.

Based on a comprehensive cost analysis for the expansion of the Finnentrop WWTP, integration of lamella separators in the biological treatment stage was given priority as optimal solution to increase the solids concentration. The overall expansion project included the reconstruction of the former primary clarifier into a primary settling tank with short retention times and the use of the remaining volume for pre-denitrification. Four lamella separators were positioned in the existing carousel-type activated sludge tank. With the lamella assemblies ensuring it was possible to continue operation of the existing secondary settling tanks. To control an adequate solids concentration in the activated sludge tank and to avoid any overloading of the secondary settling tank, a newly developed bypass strategy was applied. With a controlled mixing of direct effluent from the lamella separators and the contents of the activated sludge tank, the solids concentration of the influent to the secondary settling tank could be maintained at a value of 2.2 kg/m(3). The lamella separator concept did not account for any significant changes in the sludge characteristics, and the overall elimination of nutrients and organic carbon was found to be excellent upon optimisation of the operational lamella strategy.     

强化预处理阶段渗滤液可生化性影响因素研究

渗滤液氨氮浓度高、难降解污染物质成分复杂,可生化性差。在预处理阶段,因地制宜地提高可生化性对渗滤液的后续生物处理是至关重要的。试验研究以黑石子垃圾渗滤液强化预处理-生物接触氧化处理技术为依托,研究强化预处理阶段对渗滤液可生化性提高所起的作用。得出以下结论:随强化预处理池DO的升高,CODCr、BOD5去除率升高,渗滤液可生化性在DO为0.7～0.9 mg/L范围内得到明显改善;随温度升高,预处理阶段对渗滤液的有机物去除率及可生化性都有明显的提高;随氨氮容积负荷升高,预处理阶段对渗滤液可生化性都明显的降低;pH值在8.0左右对渗滤液可生化性有明显的提高;随预处理池总磷浓度提高,渗滤液可生化性得到明显改善。