地沟(整合)煤矿建设项目取用水合理性分析

水城县勺米乡老地沟煤矿矿区面积为0.963 2 km2,设计生产能力为15×104t/a。对地沟(整合)煤矿建设项目所在地地表取水水源、矿坑排水水源和矿井开采对地下水及地表水的影响进行分析,评价项目取用水的合理性。     

甘南县音河灌区水资源平衡分析

黑龙江省甘南县音河灌区总面积3.67万hm2.音河灌区总来水量为18 120.25×104m3,水库调节水量10 000 ×104 m3,地下水可开采量7013.25x 104 m3,回归水1 107×104 m3;总用水量为14 900×104 m3,农业灌溉用水13 633 × 104m3,农业其它用水为83.7×104m3,城镇工业用水为974×104m3,城镇生活用水为209.1×104 m3.来水与用水相抵后,尚有余水3 220×104 m3,可以满足灌溉要求.     

汪清水库特征水位选择

为了确保七台河市用水需求,尤其是居民生活用水的安全,对汪清水库进行增容扩建,作为城市供水的第二水源,满足城市居民生活保质保量的用水安全。汪清水库位于倭肯河的一级支流挖金别河中游,原设计是一座中型水库,设计总库容1142×104m3,主要任务是农业灌溉,增容扩建后,是一座具有城市供水、农业灌溉和改善环境等综合利用功能的中型水库。该水库增容后,总库容达到5133×104m3,计划为供水量为900×104m3/a,灌溉供水量为323×104m3/a。生态环境供水量为229×104m3/a。为了规模论证,文章对汪清水库的特征水位进行了分析。     

新疆阿图什哈拉峻地区地下水系统预报模型的应用分析

该文在新疆阿图什哈拉峻地区地下水系统模型识别的基础上,合理选择水文地质参数,建立了地下水预报、预测模型,对三种设计开采量:在2001年现状开采2779.65×104m3/a的基础上增加250×104m3/a、2000×104m3/a、4000×104m3/a进行了连续10年地下水水量、水位开采变化预报,结果比较显示:第一种方案新增开采量较小,10年间引起的水量、水位变化不明显;后两种方案地下水位将不断下降,与之相关的蒸发量和泉溢量都逐年减少,但总的趋势不断减缓,第十年仅动用储存量变化量94.4×104m3和103.2×104m3,水量变化基本达到稳定。10年累积平均水位降为0.46m和1.008m,随着水量逐渐趋于平衡,第十年间平均水位降仅为1~2 cm,虽然开采期末的水位降还要大一些,但在开采期后会得到较大恢复,与研究区地下水资源储量丰富相符。随开采量的增加,降落漏斗不断扩大,降落漏斗区正好位于新增开采区处,与预计结果相符,进一步验证了模型的正确性和适用性。     

解析法和数值法在丘陵地区矿坑涌水量预测中的比较

丘陵地区地下水资源不丰富,依赖于地下水的生态环境也比较脆弱,因此,在开采该地区的矿产资源过程中,采矿排水对周边地下水资源的影响应成为值得注意的问题。本文以安徽省庐江县某一铁矿为例,采用解析法和数值法分别对该矿矿坑涌水量进行预测,并将两种方法的预测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:在-500m开采条件下,计算结果分别为41991.44m3/d和3150 m3/d,得出数值法更适合水文地质复杂条件下矿坑用水量的预测,且与实测结果较为吻合,具有一定实用性,可为矿山制定防排水方案提供依据。     

延寿县延寿镇供水工程规划构想

延寿镇供水水源地具有现状的新城水库(500×104m3/a)和镇北3眼地下水井,现状供水能力合计2×104m3/d;规划的水源有引黄济新调水工程(约1 000×104m3/a)、新城水库下游0.1×104hm2补偿灌溉面积替代方案(约500×104m3/a)、新城水库增容扩建方案(约500×104m3/a)、引亮济新调水工程(约2 000×104m3/a)和蚂蚁河干流等。     

河南省工业排水特征及影响因素

工业排水特征是标识工业用水非期望产出的重要指标,分析区域工业排水分布及其影响因素对提高区域工业用水效率具有重要指导意义。根据2011年全国第一次水利普查结果,分析了河南省工业用水及排水状况,以及工业排水量的地区分布特征,探讨了河南省各地市工业排水量地区差异的影响因素。结果表明,河南省用水大户及非用水大户企业中均以除入河排污和管网排污以外的其他排水方式为主,但用水大户排放的污水量中入河排污量最大,非用水大户排放的污水量中,管网排放污水量最大;河南省排水方式及排水量组成结构在空间分布上也存在较大差异,主要与各地市的工业总产值、水资源禀赋及工业用水量差异较大密切相关,而工业结构对排水量的地区差异特征影响相对较小。     

柴达木试验区盐湖资源开发对水资源的需求

柴达木试验区作为青海省经济发展的重点地区之一,用水需求不断增加,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,水已成为制约试验区经济发展的瓶颈.从采卤补淡水量和耗卤量两方面对开发盐湖资源需要的水资源量进行分析,并对柴达木试验区水资源量与盐湖工业需水量进行了供需平衡分析.结果表明:2007年需水量为10.604 7亿m3,2008-2015年需水量为13.920 7亿m3/a,2016-2030年需水量为15.583 8亿m3/a.     

2010～2011年度＂引黄入冀＂补淀（献县-白洋淀段）管理工作回首

为缓解河北省水资源的供需矛盾．维持白洋淀的生态平衡．2010年河北省政府决定再次从山东位山引水点引水．途经邯郸、邢台、沧州、保定4市送水至白洋淀、廊坊市及沿途各县,主要是以保障白洋淀、衡水湖生态用水及剩余部分用于沿途各县农业用水之所需。     

龙门泉群间歇性断流原因分析

为了查明龙门泉群间歇性断流的原因,为龙门泉群复涌综合治理工作提供科学依据,从水均衡角度出发,分析泉域矿坑排水（突水）、工农业开采、大气降水等水资源开发利用情况。结果表明：矿坑排水是泉群间歇性断流的主因,工农业开采量加大和大气降水量减少加剧了龙门泉群断流的发生。提出建立多因素控制的矿井水资源管理模型,减少矿坑排水量,综合利用矿坑排水,合理开采泉域地下水等断流治理措施。     

五龙煤矿涌水量及可利用水量评价

为了有效利用五龙煤矿矿坑排水,并对矿坑排水量进行有效预测,在调查分析矿坑涌水量数据的基础上,利用水文学的方法分离矿坑涌水量的稳定和随机成分,并对未来(2010年、2015年、2020年)矿坑涌水量进行预测,据此获得了五龙煤矿可利用设计水量的序列数据。     

The Mineral River—A Unique Tributary Chloride Load to Lake Superior

The Mineral River contributes a significant amount of chloride to Lake Superior, more than one-third of the total U. S. tributary input. This unique discharge is attributed largely to the mine dewatering process of the White Pine Copper Company. Chloride concentrations as high as 2,000 mg/L have been recorded at the mouth of the Mineral River. The impact of this discharge on Lake Superior is not known; however, it is postulated that increased chloride concentrations may enhance the introduction and adaptation of marine organisms into the Great Lakes.     

Time Evolution of an AMD-Affected River Chemical Makeup

Acid mine drainage is the main problem encountered by sulphide mining operations, not only because of its ecological aspects, but also because, once it appears, it is very difficult to remediate both technologically and economically. This paper characterises the response of an acid mine drainage-affected channel in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, Huelva, Spain) to the stimulus of rainfall in its drainage basin by studying the cause–effect relationships between sulphate, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, arsenic and cadmium concentrations in water samples taken at three points and rainfall in the zone.     

粤北大宝山矿废水中锌的环境地球化学

粤北大宝山铁多金属矿床的开发给周围环境带来了严重的危害。采选产生的酸性废水携带浸滤出的重金属离子流入横石河,严重影响矿区及其下游的生态环境。从尾砂、水体、河流底泥、土壤以及食用蔬菜探讨整个环境系统对锌的环境响应。结果表明,河流水中高锌含量直接源于尾砂,并受水体pH值的显著影响;河流底泥能够大量聚集水体中的锌,在pH值高时,相对稳定存在,当水体pH值降低时,锌会被再次从河流底泥中释放出来,形成河流二次污染;土壤中锌含量和土壤pH值有良好正相关关系;食用蔬菜中锌的高含量受土壤的锌总量决定,并受土壤pH值的影响,通过改善农业用灌溉水质,可以降低蔬菜重金属含量。     

基于遗传学习算法和BP算法的神经网络在矿坑涌水量计算中的应用

本文采用遗传学习算法和误差反向传播算法(BP)相结合的混合算法来训练前馈人工神经网络(BPN)，即先用遗传学习算法进行全局训练，再用BP算法进行精确训练，使网络收敛速度加快和避免局部极小。作为实例，本文将该方法运用于多维时序问题。根据山东省黑旺铁矿的矿坑充水条件建立了一个网络，以矿坑充水的各种控制因素相关资料作为样本，对网络进行训练并用训练好的网络预测矿坑涌水量。网络的训练速度及预测结果表明，该算法收敛速度较快，预测精度很高，为矿坑涌水量预报提供了一种新思路和新方法。     

Fate,Transport and Effects of Pollutants Originating from Acid Mine Drainage in the Olifants River,South Africa

Concentrations of pollutants were measured in water, sediment and algal samples collected along a longitudinal gradient from a stretch of the Olifants River, South Africa, that receives acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Klipspruit River. The effects of AMD were determined through macroinvertebrate biotic indices (SASS5) and multivariate analysis of macroinvertebrate communities. The acidic Klipspruit River caused increased concentrations of total Al, Fe and Mn in the Olifants River. Upon mixing of the Klipspruit with that from the alkaline Olifants River, Al and Fe precipitate rapidly, leading to lower concentrations in the dissolved phase and higher concentrations in the suspended phase and in sediment at sites in close proximity to the confluence. Similarly, filamentous algae accumulated high concentrations of Al, Fe and Zn immediately after the confluence. Mn remains in the dissolved phase, and sediment and algal concentrations increase with increasing distance downstream. Metal speciation analysis indicate that Al is rapidly converted from more toxic forms (e.g. Al³⁺ and Al(OH)²⁺) to less toxic forms (e.g. Al(OH)₃(aq) and Al(OH)^4?). In contrast, Mn remains in the soluble Mn²⁺ form. Macroinvertebrate metrics and community structure showed clear signs of deterioration in water quality in the Olifants River downstream of the point of AMD input. While total TDS concentrations at all sites fall within ranges likely to affect macroinvertebrates, the relative composition of major ions changes as a result of AMD input, which may also account for the observed changes in macroinvertebrate communities. Further downstream, the Wilge River discharges into the Olifants River and significantly improves water quality downstream of the confluence. Future mining and development activities in the Wilge catchment should be carefully managed and monitored so as to ensure sufficient flows of acceptable quality to prevent further deterioration of water quality in the Olifants River and downstream reservoirs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机组检修排水系统兼厂房紧急备用排水的探讨

提出了将机组检修排水系统兼作厂房紧急备用排水的技术可能性，并提出了具体法进措施，对防止厂房发生意外进水事故，保证设备安全生产，具有一定的现实意义和经济效益。     

排涝泵站群规模和运行对围填海区域环形河网排水影响研究

近年来,围填海区域的开发利用率明显增高。为确保该区域的安全使用,分析该区域排涝泵站群的规模与运行方式对于河网排水的影响,确保行洪排涝期间区域的安全至关重要。本文通过构建天津临港工业区行洪排涝数值计算模型,分析排涝系统的排涝能力和发生洪涝灾害的可能,给出系统所需排涝泵站规模,得到雨水泵站和排涝泵站抽排流量之间的关系及排涝泵站规模与淹没时间的关系。本文提供的分析方法与思路可为类似工程的规划设计与建设提供参考依据。     

Monitoring of River Contamination Derived From Acid Mine Drainage Using Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy (HyMap Data,South‐West Spain)

Imaging spectroscopy is used in this work as an essential mapping tool to monitor changes in contaminated river sediments. Multidate hyperspectral image data (HyMap) are utilized to identify spatial mineral patterns, to detect temporal changes in mineralogy and to link these changes with geochemical processes and short‐term climate characteristics. River sediments contaminated by acid mine drainage are covered by crusts with variably hydrated iron sulphate. The mineralogy of the crusts and the grain size of the underlying fluvial sediments overlap. The spectra used to build up maps from HyMap data are diagnosed mineralogically with archive spectral libraries from pyrite oxidation minerals from well‐known sequences of minerals. The maps compiled from hyperspectral imagery display generalized oxidation shown by the coatings over river sediments following warm and dry periods with low water level. After the wet periods, the area covered by oxidized mineralogical phases recedes in favour of hydrated sulphate. The iteration of image processing algorithms and the mineralogical and potential contamination in a geological context are described. Change detection of the mineral crusts on the river sediments by mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing data may thus enable a quantitative and qualitative environmental evaluation by the regulators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吉林省涝区排水模数方法研究

文章介绍"吉排模型"的理论依据,应用"吉排模型"计算产流过程、计算洪峰流量、计算排水流量等,并对成果进行检验.结果表明,"吉排模型"在吉林省中西部平原地区排涝工程设计中是可行的.