供水管网优化调度决策支持系统开发与应用

供水管网优化调度的目标是运用数据采集、优化决策支持和调度执行等信息化技术,安全可靠地将符合流量、压力和水质要求的水供应给用户.供水管网优化调度决策支持系统包括供水系统的模拟、用水量预测、优化调度决策和运行状态评估.该决策支持系统包括宏观水力模型、微观水力模型、水质模型、考虑供水经济性和水质安全性的多目标优化决策模型.采用单目标优化决策模型与多目标评估体系相结合的方法来考虑供水经济性和水质安全性,开发了供水管网优化调度决策系统,并进行了实践应用.     

城市供水管网局部故障工况下运行状态模拟仿真的研究

本文就城市供水管网局部故障工况下运行状态的模拟仿真进行研究。首先在对现状管网正常运行状态和事故运行状态水力分析、模拟仿真的基础上，分别确定模拟管网供水量、供水压力及管网监测点压力在2种状态下的相关关系；其次，以实际管网正常运行状态宏观模型为基础，结合所求出的模拟管网2种状态的相关关系，建立实际管网事故运行状态宏观模型。对上述各模型，均确定了相应的解法及编程，并结合实例进行了计算、分析，效果令人满意，证明该方法实用可行。     

城市给水管网供水调度优化方法的研究

城市给水管网供水调度优化方法的研究硕士生：王亚军导师：王占生（清华大学环境工程系１０００８４）本文从我国配水管网的实际状况出发，系统地讨论了适合我国国情的管网优化调度方法的实现。该方法分为管网时用水量预测模型、管网宏观模型和优化模型三个部分。管网时用...     

供水管网水力模型在管网管理中的应用

针对杭州萧山区全区供水范围内的管网系统,运用"混合节点 环"方法,完成供水管网水力模型的计算.通过该模型模拟评估管网规划、设计、建设、水质等方案,提出相应的决策参考建议,并取得了良好的应用效果.通过部分供水管网水力模型应用的实际案例,证明模型在管网管理中起到了重要的指导作用,对相关工作的决策提供了理论和科学依据,具有一定的实际应用意义.     

EPANET水力模型在供水管网优化中的应用

为了优化乡镇供水工程配水管网的布置,应用EPANET水力平差模型,验证供水管网的运行情况,提出供水管网中主要存在的问题,并根据平差结果对管网进行优化调整,得到满足水压要求的供水管网敷设方案,为供水管网的优化提供科学的依据.     

农村供水管网漏损监控模型比较分析

现阶段农村供水管网漏损问题比较突出,供水管网的漏损监控与定位研究对于解决管网的漏损问题至关重要。文章系统分析了农村供水管网漏损原因,全面梳理了供水管网漏损监控模型并进行比较分析,以寻求更加适合农村地区的管网漏损监控模型。     

基于ANSYS和EPANET的供水管网抗震预测模型研究

为了对管网中的抗震脆弱点(区域)进行分析以便有的放矢地开展抗震设防工作,建立了基于ANSYS与EPANET的供水管网抗震预测模型。通过ANSYS环境下建立的微观模型进行模拟试验,可以获取各种典型接头在地震波影响下的位移和应力值,并改变参数进行平行试验而得到多组数据,在EPANET环境下建立宏观管网拓扑模型,计算各个节点的位移危险值指标和应力危险值指标;然后以四川省江油市供水管网实际地震受损调研资料进行了预测方法的验证。     

M市供水管网区块化方案研究

为提高M市供水管网供水的安全可靠性、保障管网水质、减少漏失量、降低供水产销差,利用WNW7.0模型软件建立M市供水管网水力模型,在此基础上得出了M市供水管网的DBS分区方案。通过对M市供水管网分区前后水压、水龄的比较,证明了区块化对供水管网水压的均衡、水质的改善起到了至关重要的作用。     

特大山地城市供水可靠性与安全保障措施研究

以重庆市观景口水利枢纽工程为例,分析特大山地城市主干供水管网系统的特点与问题,介绍供水主干管网的可靠性评价指标和可靠度计算模型.基于分析结果,结合目前关于供水管网安全保障体系的具体技术措施,从维持管网正常工作和应对管网突发事件两方面,对山地城市供水管网建设进行探讨,合理有效地提高系统的安全性和可靠性.     

基于物联网监测的供水管网分区建模技术研究

供水管网水力模型已经成为供水企业科学化管理不可缺少的工具,常规的模型建设思路都是针对整个供水管网系统进行建立,建模过程繁琐、周期长、更新维护困难,在实际运用中效果并不理想。结合日趋完善的物联网技术,提出了基于物联网监测的城市供水系统分区建模技术,并以实际供水企业的城区供水管网为研究对象,系统地阐述了供水管网"分区建模"的设计理念与实施方法,然后建立管网水力模型,不仅保证模型的精度,也提升了模型后期更新维护的效率。基于物联网监测的"分区建模"方法已应用于北方某水司管网日常调度和管理中,并取得了良好的效果,可为其他城市供水管网系统模型建立和管理提供技术借鉴。     

城市给水管网状态模拟方法探讨

从微观和宏观模型两个方面阐述了给水管网状态模拟技术的最新进展。通过采用参数校正，采样定位，对控制元素的模拟等方法，能够使微观模型达到较高的精度；经验与理论公式相结合的方法可以弥补宏观模型的不足；采用神经网络方法对模型的不稳定情况进行分析，从而得出状态模型的不准确程度；采用模型驱动的神经网络方法建立给水管网宏观模型，建成的模型具有更好的学习能力和容错能力。     

Models for Better Environmental Intelligent Management within Water Supply Systems

The paper presents models for better environmental intelligent management within water supply systems. The following computer models were developed: supervising parameters (pressure and flow) of water supply network (classification models in the form of neural networks, hybrid neural networks, decision trees and multiple decision trees), forecasting of water supply network load in different intervals of time (prediction models in the form of neural networks and hybrid neural networks), preferences for network operator and consumer in the form of decision rules and decision trees, classification of exceptions, typical examples and preferences for controlling water flow, controlling of pumps in the water supply network in the form of decision and activity rules and controlling of pumps for filling up retention tanks in the form of decision and action rules. These models were compared with a view to obtaining optimal models to control the parameters of water supply networks. The models are embedded in intelligent decision support system with a knowledge acquisition module. The research was done for Municipal Water Supply and Sewage Company in Rzeszów, Poland.     

城市供水管网漏损时间预测模型

影响城市供水管网漏损的因素很多,通过层次分析法确定主要的漏损原因,在此基础上,应用多元线性回归模型对供水管道正式使用后初次漏损时间进行了预测,然后运用二次指数平滑模型对随后几年的漏损时间进行了预测,由此建立了完善的供水管网漏损时间预测模型。     

图论在水资源系统建模与配置计算中的应用

为提高复杂水资源系统的供排水关系识别与模型构建计算能力,本文基于系统网络图探讨了图论在模拟水资源系统复杂水量传输过程、确定网络遍历顺序与系统配水计算中的应用。利用图论中的拓扑排序算法与深度优先搜索算法对水资源系统网络关系进行不同目标的分析识别。综合两种算法,进行一次供水、供水还原与二次供水的多次网络分水过程设计和迭代计算,结合最大最小公平算法等水量分配原则,设计基于网络系统的复杂水量分配计算过程,将用户需水、工程可供水量和供水网络关系结合进行供需自适应配置,解决多水源多用户对应关系下的水源供给不均衡问题。以三亚市地表水资源配置开展实例研究,结果表明通过图论算法在系统拓扑关系遍历和配水计算过程中的应用,系统枯水年城镇缺水率从3.42%降至1.63%,供需均衡度从0.38提高至0.71,提高了配置的计算效率与合理性。     

Water Supply Network Optimisation Using Equal Flow Algorithms

Algorithms to optimise water supply networks are developed and compared when a given set of transfer arcs is constrained to carry the same (or proportional) amounts of flow. Initially, a dynamic multi-period mathematical model is designed as a network flow model. A network simplex-based algorithm, Equalflow, and a subgradient-based algorithm, SUBeqf, are then presented. Both algorithms are characterised by polynomial complexity and can solve large-scale instances that arise when considering water system requirements. A specialised interface for water supply networks provides a data input processor to generate the overall multi-period network model in the implementation of the procedures. The implementation of the algorithms allows the consideration of different types of equal flow instances that take place in water resource system optimisation. The performances of the two algorithms and analysis of their computational efficiency with respect to state-of-the-art mathematical programming software are reported, considering equal-flow instances from a synthetically generated network and two water supply systems in the Sardinia region of Italy.     

Water Supply System Performance for Different Pipe Materials Part II: Sensitivity Analysis to Pressure Variation

In water supply systems there are many situations during normal operation that induce the occurrence of pressure transients, where high pressures are followed by low, sometimes even negative pressures. These transients may cause ruptures in pipes creating thus leaks or opportunities for contaminants to enter the water supply system. Thus severe pressures transients should be avoided or adequately controlled in potable drinking systems. The level of service provided by water distribution systems is an important matter in the water industry of today. However, the measure of the performance of a pipe system network is not a straightforward task. In this study the performance of pressures in two networks (a cast iron network and a polyethylene network) with the same typology was compared. The transient state conditions were induced by different typical hydromechanical devices operation characterised by a sudden pumps trip-off, a leakage occurrence and a closure of an automatic control valve. For the hydraulic simulations, advanced models based on numerical computation for steady and transient state conditions were used. A performance evaluation model was developed to analyse each type of situation since the simulation time period and the concerns regarding the system behaviour can be fairly different.     

浅谈北京市水资源的合理配置

分析北京市水资源配置的现状及问题,提出采用宏观调控和市场机制有机结合的水资源合理配置模式。在水资源承载能力的基础上,充分挖潜,开发非常规水源。在水源调配方面,优先使用南水北调水,其次为地表水,最大限度地涵养地下水。增加环境用水,加大工业、生活、农业的节水力度,提高水价。在进行水资源分配时,优先保证生活用水和必需的生态环境用水,对经济用水实行以供定需,在经济用水内部进行资源优化配置,优水优用,分质供水。形成以本流域供水为主,外流域调水为辅,常规水源与非常规水源相结合的综合开发网络,实现国民经济用水和生态环境用水的兼顾,实现以水资源的可持续利用支持北京经济社会可持续发展的目标。     

城市供水网络的综合安全评判方法及运用

针对供水网络安全性评价具有模糊性的特点,根据相关历史资料建立供水管网安全等级表,引入改进的层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标的权重,在此基础上,发展了模糊模式识别模型和模糊综合评判相结合的多层次多级复杂系统模糊集评价方法.并对青岛市某区域管网进行了安全评价,提出了该区域供水管网的安全等级.     

Using Promethee V to Select Alternatives so as to Rehabilitate Water Supply Network with Detected Leaks

The problem of the ageing infrastructure of urban water distribution networks and the loss of water associated with this has been one of the greatest infrastructure problems in urban areas. When a leakage is detected in the water supply network, problems arise when seeking to rehabilitate the network. Therefore, the decision problem is to choose which components to add or to improve and to maximize the benefits, which will result from the changes implemented. In addition, it is important to minimize costs, since water supply companies have limited budgets. Moreover, there are often several leakage points in the same water supply network and in the same period of analysis. Therefore, this paper puts forward a model for rehabilitating the greatest number of leakage points in a water network; it respects the constraints which a water company may have. Promethee V is used to assist the decision maker (DM) in selecting a set of feasible alternatives for rehabilitating the network from the criteria and the constraints set by the DM on the problem. For demonstration purposes, the proposed model was tested in a simulated network.     

Indicators and a Neuro-Fuzzy Based Model for the Evaluation of Water Supply Sustainability

In the field of water management, the evaluation of sustainability has no universal methodological approach nor any consensus regarding the definitions of sustainability or sustainable development. There is an essential need therefore for a precise definition of sustainability in different water management fields. This paper deals with the sustainability of one part of urban water management, namely a water supply. A precise definition of a sustainable water supply system is given, together with a methodological framework that quantifies the degree of water supply sustainability. The proposed framework relies on the proposed quasi-strong sustainability concept, its components (dimensions), their particular relationships and corresponding indicators representing individual processes in the water supply system and utility. The processing of indicators is performed through a joint fuzzy logic/neural network (ANFIS) model. In order to evaluate each sustainability component, separate ANFIS models were created whose results were aggregated into a single result (sustainability index). According to the presented framework, sustainability is evaluated for 17 public water supply systems/utilities in Croatia.