故园情

置身于喧嚣的都市,眼里尽是灰色的楼群、飞驰的汽车、步履匆匆的行人,头顶是一线灰蒙蒙的天空,鼻孔里进出着污浊的空气,耳朵里充斥着无穷无尽的噪音,不由得使人常常想起家乡世外桃源般宁静的小山村.幽幽南山之下,四围山色之中,绿树掩映里,错落几户人家,潺潺溪水穿村而过,但闻鸡犬声,而无车马喧.家家养一两头牛羊,种两三亩薄田,务三四畦青菜,点四五架黄瓜.目之所及尽是青山绿水,两袖一甩,俱是明月清风.这就是我生于斯长于斯的家园.     

陈进副院长荣获湖北省环境保护政府奖

<正>2015年6月2日,在世界环境日来临之际,湖北省政府在洪山礼堂隆重召开大会表彰获得2015年"湖北省环境保护政府奖"的9个集体和6个个人,省政府、省人大和省政协领导共同为获奖集体和个人颁发了奖牌、奖章和证书。由长江水利委员会推荐,经湖北省环境保护政府奖评审委员会和环境奖评审领导小组先后评审、现场考察、审定和公示后,长江科学院副院长陈进获此殊荣。近10 a来,陈进副院长积极从事水资源及水环境保护科学普及工作,相关研究成果获得3项省部级以     

北京的母亲河上亟需实现"人水和谐"

1 永定河是北京的母亲河 1.1 北京城座落在永定河的洪积冲积扇上 洪荒时代,源自黄土高原的永定河,经过今天的山西、内蒙古、河北,咆哮而来,从上游携带的大量泥沙由于河道纵坡变缓而沉积.地势上西北高东南低,崇山峻岭从西北部缓缓倾斜,不断向东南延伸.燕山、太行山2条山脉在昌平南口的官沟交汇,形成一个向东南展开的状如围屏的弧形大山湾,地理学上称之为"北京湾".在其东南平原上,蜿蜒汇流着北京的5大水系:永定河、拒马河、温榆河、潮白河、泃河.其中以永定河最大,北京所在的平原就是在永定河洪积冲积扇的基础上形成的.从3000多a前的燕都蓟城,到852 a前的金中都城:从700多a前的元大都城到明清北京城,城址虽有所变迁,但都无一例外地建在永定河的洪积冲积扇上.     

抢险小水电贡献大作用——水利部抗震救灾阿坝工作组水电站抢险纪实

对于灾区人们来说,突如其来的强烈地震,是一段难以抹去的黑色记忆,他们凄迷的眼神,太多地渴盼光明和温暖.电--是他们重建家园的力量泉源.     

致深入抗震救灾第一线水利干部职工的慰问信

奋战在水利抗震救灾第一线的广大干部职工: 2008年5月12日14时28分,四川汶川发生了8.00级特大地震,给灾区人民的生命财产造成了巨大损失.在这场突如其来的地震灾害面前,广大水利干部职工与党中央、国务院和全国人民共同抗击,共克时艰.     

非大修期间对立式同步电动机油冷却器的漏水处理

1 基本情况 江苏省泗阳第一抽水站属于南水北调第四梯级站.该站装有TDTF-500/120-16/32立式同步电动机(可逆式)20台套.由于建站时间早,运行时间长,且冷却用水又常受到水质、水中微生物以及供水方式、压力等因素的影响,导致部分机组油冷却器水管产生不同程度的渗漏.而油冷却器水管一旦发生破裂漏水,特别是上油缸漏水,由于负压的存在,易产生虹吸现象,将油缸内的润滑油吸出,进而造成散热、润滑的中断,直至出现烧瓦.     

灾难降临我们感同身受——"5·12"四川汶川地震见闻

5月12日下午14时28分,正是中国三峡总公司成都基地相关部门职工上班时间.突然,大家都感觉到门窗哗哗作响,办公楼和公寓楼在剧烈震动,办公楼的天花板不断有物体下落,旋即停电,人们一片惊慌,纷纷跑出大楼.     

对构建和谐灌区建立减轻农民水费负担新机制的探讨

文章结合洛惠灌区近年来的工作经验,认为在社会主义市场经济深入发展的新形势下,"减负"必须遵循市场规律、价值规律,正确理解和区分农民合理负担和不合理负担,多管齐下,综合治理,既要有行政的手段,更要有法制的手段、经济的手段,大胆实践,建立科学的减负新机制,才能从根本上解决农民负担过重的问题.     

论述摘登

不要让民勤成为第二个罗布泊,这不仅仅是民勤一个地区的问题,更表达了国家改善生态环境的决心和意志. --中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理温家宝参加十一届全国人大一次会议甘肃代表团的审议时说     

山区梯田集成配套小型水工程的和谐性分析模型

针对山区梯田集成配套小型集引蓄排水工程的建设和运行使用,对因与工程区自然、人文社会经济环境不和谐,导致效益低下,土地、资金大量浪费,工程难以实现其期望价值等问题进行了分析.按工程与自然环境、人文社会相互耦合这一广义的复合系统观念,建立了一与梯田集成配套的小型水工程和谐性的分析模型,并在贵州毕节地区的实际工程中进行了应用.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A SQUARE CYLINDER AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSFER OF MIXED CONVECTION

1 .　INTRODUCTIONForseveraldecades ,thenumericalandexperi mentalinvestigationofvortexsheddingfromaheated cooledbluntbodyinthemixednaturalandforcedconvectionregimeshasbeenasubjectofgreatinterestamongappliedmathematicians,fluiddynamicistsandheattransferanalysistowingtoitsnumerousengineeringapplicationssuchasthecoolingofelectroniccomponents ,thecoolingofhotwireanemometersandtheliftenhancementasattributedtotheMagnuseffects .Literatureonvortexsheddingfromcircularcylinderinthemixedconvectionregi…     

明渠柱体上游马蹄涡的运动学特征研究

马蹄涡是水下柱体结构周围床面冲刷的主要动力。为掌握马蹄涡的运动学特征,引入了基于旋转强度的马蹄涡识别方法,提出了基于椭圆涡拟合的马蹄涡特征提取方法,其中,椭圆涡由Oseen涡和倾斜单向剪切流叠加而成。基于上述方法,通过开展明渠圆柱绕流PIV实验,对柱体上游对称面时均流场中马蹄涡的运动学特征进行了研究。结果表明,在柱体雷诺数大于104的紊流柱体绕流中,马蹄涡上游的流动分离点随柱体雷诺数的增大而缓慢向下游移动,但马蹄涡的位置保持不变,涡中心距柱体中轴约0.67D(D为柱体直径或宽度),距床面约0.06D;随着柱体雷诺数的增大,马蹄涡的半径不变而强度增加,使得马蹄涡作用于床面的剪切应力增大。研究结果建立了客观提取马蹄涡运动学特征的数学方法,得到了流动分离点、马蹄涡位置等运动学特征随水流条件的变化规律,揭示了明渠柱体绕流与其它流动中柱体绕流的差异,初步构建了马蹄涡的动力作用概念模型。     

Numerical analysis of the unsteady behavior of cloud cavitation around a hydrofoil based on an improved filter-based model

The unsteady cavitation evolution around the Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated in this paper, by using an improved filter-base model(FBM) with the density correction method(DCM). To improve the prediction accuracy, the filter scale is adjusted based on the grid size. The numerical results show that a small filter scale is crucial for the unsteady simulations of the cavity shedding flow. The hybrid method that combines the FBM and the DCM could help to limit the overprediction of the turbulent viscosity in the cavitation region on the wall of the hydrofoil and in the wake. The large value of the maximum density ratio ? l /? v, clip promotes the mass transfer rate between the liquid phase and the vapor phase, which results in a large sheet cavity length and the vapor fraction rise inside the cavity. The cavity patterns predicted by the improved method are verified by the experimental visualizations. The time-average lift, the drag coefficient and the primary oscillating frequency St for the cavitation number ?= 0.8, the angle of attack, ?= 8o, at a Reynolds number Re= 7 ?105 are 0.735, 0.115 and 0.183, respectively, and the predicted errors are 3.29%, 3.36% and 8.93%. The typical three stages in one revolution are well-captured, including the initiation of the sheet/attached cavity, the growth toward the trailing edge(TE) with the development of the re-entrant jet flow, and the large scale cloud cavity shedding. It is observed that the cloud cavity shedding flow induces the vortex pairs of the TE vortices in the wake and the shedding vortices. The positive vorticity vortex of the re-entrant jet and the TE vortices interacts and merges with the negative vorticity vortex of the leading edge(LE) cavity to produce the shedding flow.     

A numerical investigation of the flow between rotating conical cylinders of two different configurations

The flow between two coaxial conical cylinders is numerically studied for two different configurations, with the inner cone rotating and the outer one at rest. It is found that, in one configuration,at least at a small Reynolds number（Re）, the pressure is a decreasing function of z while in the other configuration, it is an increasing function of z. In the first configuration, the pressure curves for different Re have intersections, while in the second configuration they do not. The gap between two conical cylinders is filled with six pairs of Taylor vortices at about the same Reynolds number and in each pair of vortices in the first configuration, the upper vortex is larger than the bottom one while in the second configuration, the bottom vortex is larger than the upper one.     

Direct numerical simulation of Open Von Kármán Swirling Flow

Direct numerical simulations are used to investigate the Open Von Kármán Swirling Flow, a new type of unsteady three-dimensional flow that is formed between two counter-rotating coaxial disks with an axial extraction enclosed by a cylinder chamber. Solution verification shows that monotonic convergence is achieved on three systematically refined grids for average pressure at the disk periphery with a small grid uncertainty at 3.5%. Effects of the rotational speeds and flow rates on the flow field are examined. When the disks are rotating at the lowest speed, ±100 RPM, only circular vortices are formed regardless of the flow rates. When the disks are rotating at ±300 RPM and ±500 RPM, negative spiral vortex network is formed. The radial counterflow concept for such spiral vortex network is verified by examining various horizontal cuts and radial velocity component, which show radial outflows in two bands near the two disks and radial inflow in one band between them. Overall, the flow is similar to the Stewartson type flow but with significant differences for all three velocity components due to the axial suction at the upper disk center and gap between the disk periphery and chamber wall.     

三维圆柱绕流数值模拟湍流方法的选择

研究湍流模拟方法对三维圆柱绕流数值模拟精度的影响,分别采用雷诺平均法（RANS）中的κ-ω模型、SST模型以及大涡模拟法（LES）对亚临界区内雷诺数Re=3 900时的三维圆柱绕流进行数值计算,分析了圆柱体表面的受力、圆柱后流场时均速度特性与瞬时涡量分布情况。结果表明,当流体流过圆柱表面时,圆柱表面出现的与流速方向相反的负压力差区域使流体从圆柱表面分离,引起了不稳定的周期性交替脱落的湍流涡泄,从而在圆柱表面产生周期性波动的升力,同时在圆柱后近流场区域形成回流区。研究还发现,LES法对圆柱体的受力以及流场时均速度特性的模拟效果要优于κ-ω模型与SST模型;相较于前人利用浸入边界法得到的模拟结果,LES法的模拟精度也有了较大提升;同样,通过对瞬时流场涡量等值线图的分析,并与已有的模拟结果进行对比,发现LES法不但可以从整体上表现出漩涡的周期性脱落,而且对流场中不同位置的、复杂的小尺度湍流涡泄也描述得非常细致,得到的自由分离剪切层长度与湍流涡泄的卷曲度更符合湍流涡泄的特征。所以,在亚临界区,LES法对湍流的模拟效果相对较好。     

水平管内螺旋流涡特性数值模拟

螺旋流是工程上常见的流动现象,具有增强湍流度、促进传热传质和提高对颗粒的携带能力等特性。该文采用雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)对水平管内由短螺旋扭带起旋的螺旋流流动特性进行了数值模拟研究,通过激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测速实验验证了数学模型的准确性和可靠性。结果表明,水平管内螺旋涡首先在扭带吸力面形成,且形成初期,涡量的大小受主涡影响较大,二次涡形成后,涡量大小主要受二次涡影响。在形成过程中二次涡增强了壁面附近的速度脉动,能够有效地增加介质的掺混。此外,由于二次螺旋涡的存在,使水平径向压力梯度增加,靠近壁面处的轴向速度减小,近壁处切向速度值增大1倍,且径向速度在螺旋流中不可忽略。     

超空化水翼流场的DPIV实验研究

该文采用DPIV粒子成像测速系统对绕2D超空化水翼(Tulin翼)的空化流场进行了测量,研究了初生空化阶段,附着型片状空化阶段,空化云以及超空化四个阶段典型流场的速度分布及涡量分布。实验结果表明:在空化发展的四个阶段,相对于主流区域,空化流区域速度明显偏小;在整个流动区域,有两个速度梯度较大的区域,一个是空化区和水体主流区的交界面,一个是翼形表面的边界层区域。在空化发展的四个阶段邻近翼型尾部处均会产生一个大小近似相等的正向涡和一个反向涡,并且正向涡总是处于反向涡的下方,形成一组正向对涡。     

同轴套管间涡旋流动及强化传热数值模拟

相对旋转两同轴套管间的涡旋流动,能够带来二次流强化传热传质作用,在航空、水处理、生态保护、生物工程和膜分离等领域都具有广泛的应用价值。本文使用Fluent软件,对同轴套管间涡旋流动及传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了内管转速、内外管壁面温差等操作参数变化对同轴套管间流体传热性能的影响,分析了涡旋流动与传热效率之间的关联关系。模拟结果表明:内管转速增加在流场中形成泰勒涡,涡流扰动增大了高温壁面与流体间的热流密度,增强了流体传热效率。增大内外管壁面温差,也可加强流体传热性能,但其强化作用不及内管转速的强化作用显著。受流场中泰勒涡影响,流体速度、温度及热流密度沿轴向的分布都呈正弦状周期性波动,在相邻两涡交界面处,流体传热性能最好,在涡中心处的传热性能最差。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOWFIELD STRUCTURE AROUND AN OGIVE-CYLINDER

BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFTHEPAPER :　Theflowfieldaroundaslenderbodyatalargeangleofattackbecomesasymmetricandahighsideforceandyawmomentareexertedonthebody .(1)Thetypicalflowsubstantialstructureissuccessfullyvisualizedbyexperiments ,andtheflowfieldaroundtheslenderbodywiththechang ingofangleofattackcanbeclassifiedintosixregimesaccordingtodifferentflowpatternsanditsaerodynamiccharacteristics .Thelargeanglesofattackfromwhichahighsideforceappearsisboundedas 4 5° α 6 0° .(2 )Thespatial 3 Dc…