Horizontal Flux of Biogenic Elements through PN Section in April 1994

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎＦｌｕｘＳｔｕｄｙｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｅｌｆＭａｒ ｇｉｎｏｆｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｉｓｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｏｃｅａｎｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｆｌｕｘｅｓｏｆｃａｒ ｂｏｎａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｂｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｒｏｌｅｉｎｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｍａｓｓｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｒｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐｌａｙｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｃ…     

A STUDY OF OSCILLATING FLOWS OVER PROPAGATING RIPPLES:PART I. STEADY STREAMING

1.　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｎｇｆｌｏｗｓｏｖｅｒｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｒｉｐｐｌｅｓａｒｅｏｆｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｒｅｌｅｖａｎｃｅｔｏｂｅａｃｈｐｒｏｃｅｓ...     

2-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURE PLANKTON ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｃｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅｂｒｏｋｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｌｉｍｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｉｃｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｔｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｍｅａｂｏｕｔｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｖｉｅｗｏｆｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ,ｅｃｏｓｙｓ ｔｅｍｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｇａｉｎｅｄｗｉｄｅ…     

A STUDY OF OSCILLATING FLOWS OVER PROPAGATING RIPPLES:PART Ⅱ. VORTICITY DYNAMICS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｂａｃｋ ａｎｄ ｆｏｒｔｈｍｏｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｎｅａｒａｓａｎｄｂｅｄｂｙ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗａｖｅｓｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｈａｌｌｏｗｗａｔｅｒｕｓｕａｌｌｙｇｉｖｅｓｒｉｓｅｔｏｎｅａｒｌｙｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｂｅｄ ｆｏｒｍｓｃｏｍ ｍｏｎｌｙｋｎｏｗｎａｓｒｉｐｐｌｅｓ .Ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｎｇｆｌｏｗｓｏｖｅｒｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｒｉｐｐｌｅｓａｒｅｏｆｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｓｃｉ ｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ…     

THE SIMULATION OF THE SAR IMAGE OF INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES IN ALBORAN SEA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｃｅａｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｇｒａｖｉｔｙｗａｖｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄｏｃｅａｎ .Ｉｔｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｂｙｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｉｄｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔａｎｄｔｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｙ ,ｓｅａｑｕａｋｅａｎｄｍｏｖｉｎｇｓｈｉｐｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇ ,ｓｈａｌｌｏｗｐｙｃｎｏｃｌｉｎｅｉｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ.Ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｓｈｅｌｆａｒｅａｌｍｏｓｔｔｉｄｅｐｒｏｄ…     

EXTRACTION OF INTERNAL TIDE FROM CURRENT

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｓｍａｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎａｎｙｂｏｄｙｏｆｗａｔｅｒｗｉｔｈｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｓｔｒａｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ (Ｏｓｂｏｒｎｅ ,1 978) .Ｌａｒｇｅ ａｍｐｌｉｔｕｄｅｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｗａｖｅｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｐｏｒ ｂｌｅｍｓｏｆａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃａｌｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｌａｒｇｅｄｉｓ ｔａｎｃｅｓ,ｆｏｒｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｏｆｄｅｅｐｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔ…     

PREDICTION OF CHARACTERISTICS FOR VERTICAL ROUND NEGATIVE BUOYANT JETS IN HOMOGENEOUS AMBIENT

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ ,ｗｉｔｈｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｂｕｏｙａｎｃｙｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ,ｉｓａｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｂｕｏｙａｎｔｊｅｔｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｔａｇｎａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ .Ａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｉｓａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｓｕｃｈａｓｂｒｉｎｅ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｔｈｒｏｕｇ…     

SEASONAL CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHWESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN DIAGNOSED WITH THE ASSIMILATION DATA FROM 1989 THROUGH 1997

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｅｑｕａｔｏｒｉａｌＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎ ,ｔｈｅｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｕｎｉｑｕｅｃｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓ,ｐｅｒ ｍａｎｅｎｔ,ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌａｎｄｍｅｓｏｓｃａｌｅｅｄｄｉｅｓ ,ａｎｄｓｕｂｓｕｒ ｆａｃｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓ.Ａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｅ ｑｕａｔｏｒｉａｌａｎｄｇｌｏｂａｌｍｏｍ…     

POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOREGROUND OF OCEAN MODE IN NAVY OCEANOGRAPHY

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＪｕｓｔａｓｌｉｇｈｔｃａｎｂｅｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｏ 7ｃｏｌｏｒｓａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｉｎｔｏ 7ｎｏｔｅｓ,ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓｏｆｏｃｅａｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｓｏｕｎｄｓｐｅｅｄｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｎｏｒｍａｌｍｏｄｅｓ[1～ 5] .Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｉｓｆａｃｔ,ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓＡｍｅｒｉｃａａｃｔｕ ａｌｉｚｅｄｔｈｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃＴｏｍｏｇ…     

CYCLONIC RECIRCULATION ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE KUROSHIO IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏｅｎｔｅｒｓｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ (ＥＣＳ)ｅａｓｔｏｆＴａｉｗａｎａｎｄｆｌｏｗｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｓｈｅｌｆｅｄｇｅｉｎｔｈｅＯｋｉ ｎａｗａＴｒｏｕｇｈｕｎｔｉｌａｒｏｕｎｄ 2 9°30′Ｎ ,ｗｈｅｒｅｉｔｓｅｐａ ｒａｔｅｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｈｅｌｆａｎｄｒｅｅｎｔｅｒｓｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅＴｏｋａｒａｓｔｒａｉｔ.Ｉｔａｆｆｅｃｔｓｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｔｈｅｏｕｔｅｒｓｈｅｌｆｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｒｍｈａ…     

中等Reynolds数下并列方柱统流的数值模拟──MAC－AF1方法及其应用

本文通过采用ＭＡＣ－ＡＦ１方法求解原始变量二维不可压非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，对中等Ｒａｙｎｏｌｄｓ数绕流下的并列方柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过对Ｒｅ＝３００、５００、１０００、２０００及间隙度为ｓ／ｈ＝２．３时并列方柱的数值计算表明：Ｒｅ数对横向力的变化频率毫无影响，恰好是单方柱绕流横向力变化频率的两倍。阻力的频率与横向力的频率相同，阻力的时间平均值基本上与Ｒｅ数无关，但随着Ｒｅ数的增大，阻力和横向力随时间变化的波动幅度稍微有所增加。本文计算的方柱阻力时间平均值和横向力的频率与实验值符合得很好。     

基于FD/MLSFD的混合算法计算 二维浅水方程

将基于最小二乘法的无网格有限差分方法(MLSFD方法)和传统有限差分方法(FDM)相结 合,生成了一种混合算法。研究并解决了差分网格/无网格混合算法的藕合问题,将混合算法运用于 求解二维浅水方程,通过计算高雷诺数(Re =105)条件下的圆柱绕流模型揭示了该混合算法在进行二 维浅水模型的数值模拟方面具有较高的精确度。     

圆柱非定常绕流及涡致振动的数值计算

用基于一般曲线坐标系和交错网格的差分法求解原始变量二维不可压粘性流体的N-S方程，计算了雷诺数从100到1×10     

基于LES方法圆柱绕流三维数值模拟

该文采用计算流体软件CFX5中Large-eddy simulation(LES)模型计算了均匀流场中三维圆柱绕流的水动力特性。使用有限体积法对三维N-S方程进行求解。数值模拟着重研究了高雷诺数时展向各截面的压力、阻力、升力及涡管特性。数值计算结果表明:展向各截面柱体受力关于中截面对称且小于二维情况,柱体周围流场呈现明显的三维特性。     

FORCE REDUCTION OF FLOW AROUND A SINUSOIDAL WAVY CYLINDER

A large eddy simulation of cross-flow around a sinusoidal wavy cylinder at Re=3000 was performed and the load cell measurement was introduced for the validation test. The mean flow field and the near wake flow structures were presented and compared with those for a circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The mean drag coefficient for the wavy cylinder is smaller than that for a corresponding circular cylinder due to the formation of a longer wake vortex generated by the wavy cylinder. The fluctuating lift coefficient of the wavy cylinder is also greatly reduced. This kind of wavy surface leads to the formation of 3-D free shear layers which are more stable than purely 2-D free shear layers. Such free shear layers only roll up into mature vortices at further downstream position and significantly modify the near wake structures and the pressure distributions around the wavy cylinder. Moreover, the simulations in laminar flow condition were also performed to investigate the effect of Reynolds number on force reduction control.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTEX DYNAMICS IN WAKE OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The studies concerning the wake transition regime of the flow around a circular cylinder have drawn much attention in these years. Many experiments have been conducted for this problem but no accurate three-dimensional numerical simulations have hitherto been made. In this paper, a parallel procedure was developed to solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on an SGI Origin3900 machine. Two different parallel strategies on this application were analyzed about their efficiency. It is found that the critical Reynolds number is 195, and the wake flow below this Reynolds number is purely two dimensional one, while the Reynolds number goes beyond this critical point, the wake flow becomes unstable under three-dimensional small disturbances. The transition regime involves two modes of small-scale three-dimensional instability (modes A and B), depending on the regime of Reynolds number ( Re ). It is also found that the two different modes A and B exhibit different physical features of the flow. And many other important questions were addressed in this paper.     

近底水平圆柱振荡绕流的三维数值模拟

在Honji和Sarpkaya等人的实验研究中发现，绕圆柱的振荡流并不是简单的二维流动，而是存在复杂的三维流态。本文用有限元方法求解原始变量的Navier-Stokes方程，模拟了Re数为392、Kc数为2时正弦振荡流绕平面附近圆柱的流动。分析了三维流场结构的特点，并分析了平面边界对尾流结构的影响。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON OSCILLATING FLOWSPAST A HALF CIRCULAR CYLINDER ON A PLANE

l.INTRoDUCTIoNTheunsteadyflowpastabluffbodyhasreceivedagreatdealofattentionowingmainlytoitstheoreticalandpracticalsignificance.Foranoscillatingflowpastacircularcylinder,thetwoparametersgoverningthedevelopmentoftheflowaretheReynoldsnumber,de-finedbyRe=2U,R/v,WhereU,isthemaximumvelocityoftheambientflow,visthekine-maticviscosityandRistheradiusofthecircularcylinder;andtheKeulegan-Carpenternum-ber,definedasKC=U,T/2R,whereTistheoscillationperiod.Todescirbethisproblem,earlierstudiesofviscou…     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.