NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE OF AN AXIAL-FLOW PUMP WITH INDUCER

The interaction of flow through the inducer and impeller of an axial-flow pump equipped with an inducer has significant effect on its performance. This article presents a recent numerical investigation on this topic. The studied pump has an inducer with 3 blades mounted on a conical hub and a 6-blade impeller. The blade angle of the impeller is adjustable to generate different relative circumferential angles between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge. A computational fluid dynamics code was used to investigate the flow characteristics and performance of the axial-flow pump. For turbulence closure, the RNG k-ε model was applied with an unstructured grid system. The rotor-stator interaction was treated with a Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) strategy. Computations were performed in different cases: 7 different relative circumferential angles ( Δθ ) between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge, and 3 different axial gaps (G) between the inducer and the impeller. The variation of the hydraulic loss in the rotator was obtained by changing Δθ . The numerical results show that the pressure generated is minimum in the case of ( G = 3%D), which indicates that the interference between inducer and impeller is strong if the axial gap is small. The pump performances were predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. Recommendations for future modifications and improvements to the pump design were also given.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON QUASI- STEADY FLOW OF NONNEWTONIAN FLUID IN SUCK-ROD PUMP

This paper presents a numerical method for simulation of the flow and thecalculated results of the quasi-steady axisymmetrical flow field and pressure distribution on valveball with power-law model for Non-Newtonian fluid in suck-rod pump.We believe the methodcan provide a foundation for further research and improvement of the design of suck-rod pump.     

HYDRODYNAMICS THEORY AND CALCULATION IN WATER WAVE PUMP DESIGN

This paper introduces the hydrodynamics theory related to water wave pump. Water wave pump is a new type pump, which uses the particular quality of water wave and re-divides the inflow energy to increase the pressure of one part of the inflow water with the rest water flowing away freely. The research and development of such a pump is of importance and significant value and profitable social interest in that it can fully utilize the residual energy of natural source in industrial and civil water circle systems. Through hydrodynamies research and calculation, a series of valid design parameters were obtained and the predicted results achieved.     

BASIC FLOW PATTERNS AND OPTIMUM HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF A SUCTION BOX OF PUMPING STATION

1.　 INTRODUCTIONA suction box ofpumping station plays an importantrole in the safety and high efficien-cy of the pump system.Six or more types of suction box are usually employed in pumpingstations to meet differentrequirements of pump unitof a special type.The types of suctionbox used popularly are:elbow tube,inclined suction box,bell-like suction box,Holland-type suction box,two-way suction box and pump sump.Due to lack of a theoretical method of the hydraulic design for the suction bo…     

Numerical prediction of 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness in a centrifugal pump under part-load condition

Numerical simulation and 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness analysis for a centrifugal pump with volute are carried out in whole flow passage, including the impeller with twisted blades, the volute and the side chamber channels under a part-load condition. The pressure fluctuation intensity coefficient （PFIC） based on the standard deviation method, the time-averaged velocity unsteadiness intensity coefficient （VUIC） and the time-averaged turbulence intensity coefficient （TIC） are defined by averaging the results at each grid node for an entire impeller revolution period. Therefore, the strength distributions of the periodic flow unsteadiness based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS） equations can be analyzed directly and in detail. It is shown that under the 0.6Qd~. condition, the pressure fluctuation intensity is larger near the blade pressure side than near the suction side, and a high fluctuation intensity can be observed at the beginning section of the spiral of the volute. The flow velocity unsteadiness intensity is larger near the blade suction side than near the pressure side. A strong turbulence intensity can be found near the blade suction side, the impeller shroud side as well as in the side chamber. The leakage flow has a significant effect on the inflow of the impeller, and can increase both the flow velocity unsteadiness intensity and the turbulence intensity near the wall. The accumulative flow unstea- diness results of an impeller revolution can be an important aspect to be considered in the centrifugal pump optimum design for obtaining a more stable inner flow of the pump and reducing the flow-induced vibration and noise in certain components.     

BLADE SECTION DESIGN OF MARINE PROPELLERS WITH MAXIMUM CAVITATION INCEPTION SPEED

Kuiper and Jessup(1993)developed a design method for propellers in a wake based on the Eppler foil design method.The optimized section is transformed into the three-dimensional propeller flow using the approach of the effective blade sections.Effective blade sections are two-dimensional sections in two-dimensional flow which have the same chordwise loading distribution as the three-dimensional blade sections of a propeller.However,the design procedure is laborious in two aspects:finding an optimum blade section using the Eppler program requires much skill of the designer,and transforming the two-dimensional blade section into a propeller blade section in three-dimensional flow is complex.In this work,these two problems were coped with.A blade section design procedure was presented using an optimization technique and an alternative procedure for the effective blade section is developed using a lifting surface design method.To validate the method a benchmark model of a naval ship was used.This benchmark model was extended by new appendices and a reference propeller,and designed using conventional design methods.This reference propeller was optimized using the new design procedure and model tests were carried out.Special attention was given to the data of the model and the reference propeller,to make the configuration suitable for the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)calculations.     

RESEARCH OF INNER FLOW IN A DOUBLE BLADES PUMP BASED ON OPENFOAM

The inner flow analysis of centrifugal pumps has gradually become an important issue for the hydraulic design and performance improvement.Nowadays,CFD simulation toolbox of pump inner flow mainly contains commercial tools and open source tools.There are some defects for commercial CFD software for the numerical simulation of 3-D turbulent internal flow in pump,especially in capturing the flow characteristics under the off-design operating conditions.Additionally,it is difficult for researchers to do further investigation because of the undeclared source.Therefore,an open source software like Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) is increasingly popular with researchers from all over the world.In this paper,a new computational study was implemented based on the original solver and was used to directly simulate the steady-state inner flow in a double blades pump,with the specific speed is 111.In order to disclose the characteristics deeply,three research schemes were conducted.The ratios () of the flow rate are 0.8,1.0 and 1.2,respectively.The simulation results were verified with the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) experimental results,and the numerical calculation results agree well with the experimental data.Meanwhile,the phenomena of flow separation under the off-design operating conditions are well captured by OpenFOAM.The results indicate that OpenFOAM possesses obvious strong predominance in computing the internal flow field of pump.The analysis results can also be used as the basis for the further research and the improvement of centrifugal pump.     

The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability

The numerical simulation of the axial flow impeller blood pump NIVADIII is carried out by using a CFD multiphase flow model. The hydrodynamic performance of the pump and the flow field in the pump are analyzed, and the shear stress distribution is obtained. A hemolytic prediction model based on the shear stress is built based on the calculation results, and it can be used for quantitative predictions of the hemolytic behavior of a blood pump. Hemolysis tests in vitro were performed 6 times with fresh bovine blood. At each time, the flow of the pump NIVADIII is 5 L/min and the outflow tract pressure is 100 mmHg. According to the tests, the plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) content and the hematocrit (HCT) are measured after 0 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, …4 s. At the end of each experiment Normal Index of Hemolysis (NIH) of NIVADIII is calculated. The average of NIH is 0.0055 g/100L, almost identical with that obtained from the hemolytic prediction model. This method can be applied in the selection stage of a blood pump.     

Effects of rotational speeds on the performance of a centrifugal pump with a variable-pitch inducer

The centrifugal pumps usually work at various rotational speeds. The variation in the rotational speeds will affect the internal flow, the external performance, and the anti-cavitation performance of the pump. In order to improve the anti-cavitation performance of the centrifugal pumps, variable-pitch inducers are placed upstream of the impeller. Because the rotational speeds directly affect the flow and the performance of the pump, it is essential to characterize the performance of the pump with a variable-pitch inducer at various rotational speeds. In this paper, the simulations and the experimental tests of a centrifugal pump with a variable-pitch inducer are designed and carried out under various rotational speed conditions. Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with a Reynolds average simulation approach, are used in the simulations. In the experimental tests, the external and anti-cavitation performances of the pump are investigated in a closed system. The following results are obtained from the simulations. Firstly, the velocity in the passage of the inducer rises with the increase of the rotational speed. Secondly, the static pressure escalates on the inducer and the impeller with the increase of the rotational speed. Thirdly, the static pressure distribution on the inducer and the impeller is asymmetric. Fourthly, the anti-cavitation performance of the pump deteriorates with the increase of the rotational speed. Additional results are gathered from an analysis of the experiments. H-Q curves are similar parabolas at various rotational speeds, while η-Q curves are similar parabolas only when n ≤6 000 r/min. The anti-cavitation performance of the pump deteriorates with the increase of the rotational speed. Finally, the simulation results are found to be consistent with the experimental results.     

Experimental investigation on diffusive contaminant release from permeable sediment layer under unidirectional unsteady flow

The interfacial diffusive contaminant（phosphorus） release from permeable sediment layer into overlying water column under a unidirectional unsteady（periodic） flow condition was experimentally measured and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the gross diffusive contaminant release rate is substantially enhanced as compared to that under a steady flow condition, and this enhancement trend is much more pronounced in an immediate release stage. The interfacial diffusive contaminant release rate tends to increase with the increasing flow velocity, decreasing period and augmenting amplitude for the case of the unsteady flow. The additional interfacial diffusive contaminant release under the unsteady flow condition may be related to the hydrodynamic response of the diffusive boundary layer to the flow unsteadiness of the overlying water, depending upon not only the periodic thickness variation of the diffusive boundary layer immediately above the sediment-water interface modulated by the temporal flow velocity of the overlying water column but also the intensified turbulent mixing between the overlying water and the pore-water within the superficial sediment layer induced by an alternate acceleration/deceleration fluctuation during each period.     

透空潜坝附近水流特性的数值模拟

透空式潜坝是一种兼顾生态和环境的新型整治建筑物。为深入了解透空潜坝附近水流特性,基于N-S方程和不可压缩气液两相流理论建立三维数值水槽,对梯形透空式潜坝附近水流特性进行数值模拟,研究了透空率、水深和流速对潜坝附近流场、紊动能和涡量等水流特性的影响规律。结果表明:相同水流条件下,随着透空率的增大,坝后回流流速减小,坝后根部紊动强度逐渐增大,而坝后1~4倍坝高范围内紊动强度逐渐减小,涡量先增大后减小。透空率不变情况下,在相同断面平均流速条件下随着水深增大,透水率逐渐减小,潜坝附近紊动强度整体减小,但紊动范围变化不大,坝顶强涡量区面积减小。在相同水深条件下随着断面平均流速增大,涡旋回流强度逐渐增大,潜坝附近高紊动区紊动强度整体也增大, 坝体顶侧和透水圆孔附近正负涡量间隔分布,强度逐渐增大。     

水泵水轮机极小开度反水泵工况压力脉动与内流特性分析

混流式水泵水轮机普遍存在S特性区,水轮机工况启动时机组常不能由空载直接带负载,容易进入反水泵区,导致机组并网困难。本文以模型水泵水轮机为对象,对极小导叶开度下的多个反水泵工况点进行了整体流道三维流动计算,探讨极小导叶开度下反水泵区机组的非定常流动特性。数值计算采用SAS SST-CC湍流模型,5个定常工况点计算的外特性曲线与模型试验数据吻合较好。对流量较小的工况进行非定常计算,旋转转轮9个叶道各8个测点的压力脉动结果显示,相似位置测点间的压力脉动混频幅值和频率均存在明显差异,峰峰值的差异最大达到4.2%,说明此时转轮内的流态分布很不均匀。测点离导叶越近,低频脉动的主频从0.19 fn逐渐增加到1.07 fn;动静干涉引起的20 fn脉动幅度会逐渐增强,但转轮出口位于出流与入流过渡区的测点趋势则不同。结果显示在反水泵工况区运行,转轮各叶道间的流态分布极不对称,充满了严重的流动分离和漩涡。     

低扬程灯泡贯流泵水力特性及内部流场数值模拟

为了更加深入地研究灯泡贯流泵及其后置导叶的水力性能,采用CFD方法,借助于RNG k-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLIEC算法,对灯泡贯流泵装置全流道进行了数值模拟,分析了其在4种特殊流量工况点下机组后置导叶的流动特性,研究了灯泡贯流泵的内部流动特征。结果表明:在最优工况点时,泵装置的内部流态较好,水流平直顺畅,导叶的导流作用最好;在小流量工况下,泵叶轮进口处出现了大范围的回流、漩涡区,叶轮出口处出水流的流态紊乱,相邻叶片翼型周围有明显的回流区,后置导叶翼型周围的流态紊乱,存在大范围的不良流态区域;在大流量工况下,叶片周围流态较好,出水流态内的回流区较少,但导叶周围的流态较差。可见,后置导叶对叶轮出口处水流的导流作用明显,偏离最优工况时,导叶区的水力损失较大。     

基于图像识别的非恒定流卵砾石输移试验研究

采用自主研发的水位、泥沙运动同步观测系统,分析相同幅度、不同周期非恒定流条件下卵砾石起动试验研究,其中水位与泥沙运动观测系统主要由相机、超声水位计组成。提出了卵石运动图像的分析方法,能够有效识别经过断面的卵石运动。初步对非恒定流条件下卵砾石输移进行研究,试验结果表明,非恒定流条件下,上升段输沙强度大于下降段输沙强度,随着周期的增加,上涨段与下降段的输沙强度差逐渐减小。     

蜗壳式混流泵压力脉动特性研究

基于雷诺时均方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLE算法,对混流泵内部流场进行非定常数值模拟,分析不同工况监测点上压力脉动的时域特性和频域特性。取定常计算的外特性与实验值对比,对比结果为不同工况的扬程偏差均小于5%,证明该数值模型能准确地描述泵内流场特征。结果表明:叶片进口处水流冲击产生的回流和漩涡是引起叶轮内压力脉动的主要动力源,叶轮与蜗壳间的动静相干作用是产生蜗壳内压力脉动的主要动力,并且在向下游传播过程中,压力脉动逐渐减弱,叶频占主导地位,在小流量工况运行时,主频有向叶轮转频迁移的趋势,大流量工况下最大压力脉动发生在转轮中间位置;叶轮内的压力脉动要远远高于蜗壳,这是引起机组振动和噪声的主要来源。     

泥沙对水流紊动影响的进一步分析

泥沙颗粒对水流紊动的影响是水－沙两相流运动的重要问题之一。本文针对这一问题，从水流紊动的起因出发，分析了泥沙影响水流紊动的基本途径和方式，结合实验资料，主要对含沙量和泥沙粒径影响水流紊动强度的机理进行了探讨。从不出现尾涡脱落的至少能响应一部分大尺度涡的基本条件出发，得到了泥沙颗粒抑制或增强紊动的判别条件，并得出结论：因含有沙粒、水流紊动存在着被削弱、增强、或局部削弱、局部增强３种情况，表面在不同的     

Bottom shear stress in unsteady sewer flow.

The properties of unsteady open-channel turbulent flow were theoretically and experimentally investigated in a circular cross section channel with fixed sediment deposits. Velocity and turbulence distribution data were obtained using an ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP). Different uniform flow conditions and triangular-shaped hydrographs were analysed. The hydrograph analysis revealed a dynamic wave behaviour, where the time lags of mean cross section velocity, friction velocity, discharge and flow depth were all evident. The bottom shear stress dynamic behaviour was estimated using four different approaches. Measurements of the velocity distribution in the inner region of the turbulent layer and of the Reynolds stress distribution in the turbulent flow provided the analysed data sets of the bottom shear stress. Furthermore, based on the Saint Venant equation, the bottom shear stress time behaviour was studied using both the kinematic and the dynamic flow principles. The dynamic values of the bottom shear stress were compared with those for the steady flow conditions. It is evident that bottom shear stress varies along the generated flood hydrograph and its variation is the function of the flow unsteadiness. Moreover, the kinematic flow principle is not an adequate type of approximation for presented flow conditions.     

有植被的河道水流紊动特性模型试验研究

通过物理模型试验,研究了有植被的河道水流紊动特性.试验结果表明,在复式断面河道滩地种植柔性植被后,滩地糙率增大,水流紊动更为剧烈,河道水流紊动强度峰值由原先的滩槽交界区转移到滩地区.滩地的水流紊动强度沿程递减;滩槽交界区的水流紊动强度沿程不断增大;主槽的水流紊动强度主要与床面糙率有关,滩地植被影响了滩地水流的归槽时间,使主槽水流流速沿程增大.