共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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水资源协调管理系统研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
水资源系统是一个开放的大系统,水资源系统与经济系统及社会系统有着广泛的联系:经济系统影响着水资源的开发程度,决定着水资源的集约利用程度;社会系统决定着水资源的权限关系、影响着水资源开发利用的程度。在新时期、新形势下,要实现水资源的合理配置、最优利用,必须在强调水资源统一管理的同时,树立水资源协调管理的思想。以水资源系统本体与系统环境、水资源平级子系统、水资源分级子系统为递阶层次,构建了水资源的协调管理模式,对水资源管理机构间的协调关系进行了分析。水资源管理的协调性包括涉水部门与非涉水部门之间、各流域机构之间、流域机构与行政区域管理部门之间、同一行政区域内不同涉水部门之间的协调性。 相似文献
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水资源统一管理的主要内容和方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对传统水资源管理违背水资源整体性、缺乏区域之间需求选择机会的公平性、阻碍水资源利用的高效性的问题,探讨了水资源统一管理的含义和特点,重点构建了水资源统一管理框架:首先,研究了水资源统一管理内容,主要包括防洪管理,取水管理、需求管理、节水管理与污水管理五个部分,并分别界定了各种管理方式的定义、目标与管理措施。其次,评述了水资源统一管理的主要方法,包括建立水资源统一管理体制;逐步形成一个以水权为核心、水价为手段的水市场机制;开发技术先进,实用性强的水资源信息管理系统,制定与实现统一管理相适应的法律体系与执法体系;开展广泛、深入、持久的宣传教育;以实现水资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
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水资源统一管理是党中央新时期治水方针的必然要求,通过分析水资源统一管理的基本内涵,提出了水资源统一管理模式的改革建议,并简要说明了流域管理在水资源统一管理中的地位,作用及流域管理与区域管理的相互关系。 相似文献
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调查安徽省淮河流域地表水水质监测站网现状,探讨现行地表水水质监测站网存在的不足,在现行水质监测站网运行管理经验的基础上,结合全国水文发展规划、安徽省水功能区划管理,以及当前加强水资源管理与保护的任务要求.本着统一、高效的原则进行站网优化布局,使调整后的水质监测站网能满足加强安徽省淮河流域水资源管理与保护和经济社会发展的需要,以适应经济社会可持续发展对水资源管理的要求。 相似文献
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水资源开发利用与管理:从美国科罗拉多河看黄河 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
美国科罗拉多河水资源开发利用与管理,可以说是美国乃至世界的一个典范,其河流特性与水资源状况与黄河有较大的相似性。本文在比较两河异同,总结科罗拉多河水资源开发与管理的经验和不足后指出:应系统、全面、综合、辩证地看待黄河水资源问题,着眼于经济社会的大系统和水资源自身的小系统;逐步建立健全流域水资源法制体系,加强水资源全流域统一管理;利用政策法规和经济杠杆等相导和鼓励流域水资源的节约与保护;流域外调水要 相似文献
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流域水资源统一管理立法问题研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对流域水资源管理的目的、原则进行分析,认为以流域为单元的水资源统一管理是有效解决水资源问题的途径。构筑我国流域水资源统一管理的法律制度和规定,应从改革流域管理体制,完善流域管理机构的设置,完善流域水资源管理的法律制度建设,建立水资源管理的经济制度,强化流域水资源规划的效力等几方面着手。 相似文献
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基于水资源需求管理的水利扶贫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水资源需求管理(WRDM)是在水资源综合管理的基础上,强调对需求管理的新策略。通过对需求的统一管理和合理规划,以促进缺水地区有限水资源的公平合理和高效利用、环境的改善,达到间接扶贫的目的。 相似文献
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Asit K. Biswas 《国际水》2013,38(2):248-256
Abstract The concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been around for some 60 years. It was rediscovered by some in the 1990s. While at a first glance, the concept of IWRM looks attractive, a deeper analysis brings out many problems, both in concept and implementation, especially for meso- to macro-scale projects. The definition of IWRM continues to be amorphous, and there is no agreement on fundamental issues like what aspects should be integrated, how, by whom, or even if such integration in a wider sense is possible. The reasons for the current popularity of the concept are analyzed, and it is argued that in the real world, the concept will be exceedingly difficult to be made operational. 相似文献
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As water has become the shortest resources in arid, semi-arid and rapid urbanization areas when the water resources utilization
has approached or exceeded its threshold, water resources system slows down the socio-economic growth rate and destroys the
projected targets to eradicate poverty and realize sustainable development. We put forward the concept of Water Resources
Constraint Force (WRCF) and constructed a conceptual framework on it. Conceptual models on the interactions and feedbacks
between water resources and socio-economic systems in water scarce regions or river basins indicate that, if the socio-economic
system always aims at sustainable development, WRCF will vary with a normal distribution curve. Rational water resources management
plays an important role on this optimistic variation law. Specifically, Water Demand Management (WDM) and Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) are considered as an important perspective and approach to alleviate WRCF. A case study in the
Hexi Corridor of NW China indicates that, water resources management has great impact on WRCF both in Zhangye and Wuwei Region,
and also the river basins where they are located. The drastic transformation of water resources management pattern and the
experimental project – Building Water-saving Society in Zhangye Region alleviated the WRCF to some extent. However, from a
water resources management view, WRCF in Zhangye Region still belongs to the severe constraint type. It will soon step into
the very severe constraint type. In order to shorten the periods from the very severe constraint type finally to the slight
constraint type, WDM and IWRM in the Hei River Basin should be improved as soon as possible. However, in the Shiyang River
Basin, WRCF belongs to the very severe constraint type at present due to poor water resources management in the past. Though
the socio-economic system adapted itself and alleviated the WRCF to some extent, the Shiyang River Basin had to transform
the water supply management pattern to WDM, and seek IWRM in recent years. It is concluded that WDM and IWRM is a natural
selection to alleviate the WRCF on the socio-economic system and realize sustainable development. 相似文献
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Water resources management and Integrated Water Resources Management implementation in Malawi: Status and implications for lake basin management 下载免费PDF全文
Many countries, including Malawi, are implementing integrated approaches for the development, management and use of water and other natural resources. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is, arguably, one approach considered helpful in addressing water issues effectively and sustainably. This study assesses the implementation of IWRM in Malawi to the present time, in relation to the five priority areas the country's Integrated Water Resources Management/Water Efficiency (IWRM/WE) Plan (2008–2012) sought to address, as well as the potential benefits of infusing Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) in this approach. Document reviews, key informant interviews, questionnaire surveys and site visits were the employed methods in this analysis. Considering the significant importance of lakes in the country, this study, through application of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats framework, provides insight on how lake basin management issues can best be incorporated within the existing IWRM‐based framework to promote the management and utilization of lakes for sustainable use. While acknowledging the relevance of a holistic approach, the study highlights the importance for the country to ensure that its development agenda is not negatively affected in the course of implementing IWRM. 相似文献
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Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been prescribed in the global water policy literature for decades. This article looks at how the concept has been applied in Nepal. It highlights the normative approach in IWRM policy formulation, the existing institutional barriers to apply it and how these resulted in the framing of IWRM ‘implementation’ as merely a compilation of donor-funded projects. Current discourse on IWRM highlights the need to shift the emphasis from national policy formulation to local adaptive, pragmatic approaches to IWRM. This article brings to light the need to identify potential entry points to scale up locally rooted water management approaches towards the development of nested institutional set-ups in water resources management. 相似文献
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Vadim Sokolov 《国际水》2013,38(1):59-70
Abstract The Soviet period of the command system left a legacy of under-funded multilevel bureaucratic structure of water administration and planning for the Central Asia and Caucasus countries. The existing administrative system of water management is unable to cope with inter-sector, dynamic, and versatile character of current water management problems. Therefore, the situation calls for principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the region. This paper presents some ideas about institutional reforms in water sector started in Central Asia and Caucasus regions. It describes the key IWRM principles and how these principles are being implemented into practice. 相似文献
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Mathematical Modelling for the Integrated Management of Water Resources in Hydrological Basins 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Humberto Silva-Hidalgo Ignacio R. Martín-Domínguez María Teresa Alarcón-Herrera Alfredo Granados-Olivas 《Water Resources Management》2009,23(4):721-730
Mathematical models are tools that can facilitate the instrumentation of the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).
The first basin models to be developed were completely hydrological; today, due to the urgent need to plan the sustainable
use of water resources, new models are needed that in addition to hydrology also incorporate social, economic, legal, environmental
and other aspects. The objective of this work was to identify the characteristics that mathematical basin models must have
in order to satisfy the requirements of IWRM. To achieve this, the conclusions of the main international conferences on water
and the environment were analyzed; these were conferences in which IWRM was promoted as a strategy to face the challenges
of both sectors. IWRM considers social participation as a key element in the decision-making process; consequently, the models
must be accepted and applied, and their results interpreted, by those who participate in the process even if they are not
modelling experts. This requires a change of perspective in the scientific community for the development of new IWRM models,
in government institutions regarding their role as water administrators, and in water stakeholders regarding their role as
decision-makers. The results of the analysis indicate that models for IWRM must be accessible to non-expert users, integrate
different viewpoints, representing adequately the problem to be solved, in addition be flexible and have a structure focused
on practical solutions. 相似文献
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This paper provides a comparative review of the literature on the institutional challenges and politics of IWRM, in relation to the EU's Water Framework Directive (WFD). It reveals two parallel debates with little interaction. The extent to which IWRM is actually addressed in the WFD literature is questioned, as is the assumption that developing countries can learn from WFD experiences. Finally, the mutual benefits of connecting these parallel discussions are demonstrated, especially in terms of encouraging greater sensitivity to the contingencies and complexities of water management. 相似文献
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Water Resources Management and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Cameroon 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Andrew Ako Ako Gloria Eneke Takem Eyong George Elambo Nkeng 《Water Resources Management》2010,24(5):871-888
Cameroon is blessed with abundant water resources. Rapid population increase, unplanned urbanisation, intensive industrial
and socio-economic development have led to poor and unsustainable management of these resources. Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) is a promising approach in ensuring sustainable management of Cameroon’s water resources. It entails management
of water for various purposes and not for a single purpose which therefore involves different stake holders aiming at achieving
sustainable water resources management. This paper seeks to evaluate recent efforts to implement in IWRM in Cameroon by examining
the institutional framework for IWRM in Cameroon, conditions for the implementation of IWRM and proposes reforms for improving
IWRM in Cameroon. The paper concludes that reforms such as public participation at local council levels, recognition of water
as both an economic and a social good, putting IWRM within the larger context of Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM)
and the exploitation of mathematical models within hydrological basins will improve IWRM in Cameroon. 相似文献