考虑含气量变化的浆体水击基本方程

压力波的传播速度是影响液-固两相流浆体水击压强的主要因素，而波速与管道的材料和流体的成分密切相关。本文分析了含气量对浆体水击的影响，提出了考虑含气量的浆体水击波速公式，在此基础上推导了考虑含气量变化的液-固两相流浆体水击的基本方程。     

Modelling of wave transmission through a pneumatic breakwater

A theoretical approach is derived to study interaction of linear water waves with an air bubble curtain used as a pneumatic breakwater. Modelling of wave transmission through an aerial barrier is a complex task due to a need to cover processes associated with wave-current interaction, effects of two-phase flows, wave damping, etc.. An initial boundary-value problem is solved by applying an efficient eigenfunction expansion method and a time-stepping procedure. The derived semi-analytical solution is used to study the effect of basic parameters of the model on wave dissipative properties of the pneumatic breakwater. Results show that wave damping by the breakwater is mainly affected by an air flow rate. The increased air discharge results in higher velocities of ascending bubbles and increases aerial barrier width. This leads to a substantial reduction of transmitted wave heights, especially for waves of intermediate length and short waves. In order to verify the applicability of the presented theoretical approach, laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave flume for different wave regimes and pneumatic breakwater characteristics. The analysis of a wave transmission coefficient calculated numerically and measured in the laboratory confirms that the derived model can be used for a certain range of wave conditions.     

水头压力及管道特性对水击波速变化的影响

把Pearsall提出的可变波速公式引入特征线法中，对二相流的水击波速在发生水击时的变化情况进行了计算分析，研究水中含有气泡的管路在水击时管道初始水头及管道特性等敏感因素对水击波速变化的影响，指出上游水头降低、相对管壁厚增加、管材弹性模量增加都会引起水击波速变化的加剧．     

Transient flexural- and capillary-gravity waves due to disturbances in two-layer density-stratified fluid

Generation of the transient flexural- and capillary-gravity waves by impulsive disturbances in a two-layer fluid is investigated analytically. The upper fluid is covered by a thin elastic plate or by an inertial surface with the capillary effect. The density of each of the two immiscible layers is constant. The fluids are assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the motion be irrotational. A point force on the surface and simple mass sources in the upper and lower fluid layers are considered. A linear system is established within the framework of potential theory. The integral solutions for the surface and interfacial waves are obtained by means of the Laplace-Fourier transform. A new representation for the dispersion relation of flexural- and capillary-gravity waves in a two-layer fluid is derived. The asymptotic representations of the wave motions are derived for large time with a fixed distance-to-time ratio with the Stokes and Scorer methods of stationary phase. It is shown that there are two different modes, namely the surface and interfacial wave modes. The wave systems observed depend on the relation between the observer's moving speed and the intrinsic minimal and maximal group velocities.     

随机波浪边界层的数值模拟与分析

该文基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程和k-ω两方程紊流模型建立了随机波浪边界层数学模型,模拟了粗糙底床上方的随机波浪边界层流速、床面剪切应力和紊动能量分布,计算结果与实测数据吻合良好。探讨了随机波浪边界层水动力特性,发现随机波浪时间序列中各个子波的紊动能量近似随该子波均方根自由振荡速度平方的增大而线性增大,但各个子波的紊动能量还受到上一个子波紊动能量传递的影响,体现了随机波浪与规则波浪的区别。整个随机波浪时间序列的有效摩阻系数和单个子波的摩阻系数均与前人实验数据和经验公式较为一致。     

波浪作用下悬移质泥沙运动的两相流数值模型

该文采用基于水沙两相紊流的数值模型对波浪作用下的悬移质泥沙运动进行研究。基本方程中将水相和颗粒相通过相间作用力进行耦合,合理地考虑了相间相对运动的影响。数值计算方法为有限体积法,对流项处理利用了三阶精度的QUICK格式,离散方程组求解采用的是TDMA迭代方法。计算得到的悬移质泥沙垂线时均计算值与不同尺度的水槽实验数据吻合很好,表明数学模型及其计算方法对于低浓度水沙两相问题是合理的。该研究还探讨了悬沙浓度、泥沙沉降速度以及各种相间作用力随时间的分布规律。     

弹性直圆管局部狭窄对脉动流影响的数值模拟

动脉中脉搏波的分析和中医脉象研究早为人们注目,并越来越受到重视。中医切脉或利用脉象仪测脉,均沿腕部桡动脉处取得信息,由于手指和探头作用,桡动脉形成狭窄从而影响脉动流。本文建立局部狭窄直圆管内脉动流模型,来研究狭窄对脉动流的影响。根据流动的一维非线性方程导出特征方程,采用特征差分方法数值求解。结果表明:(1)随狭窄度增加(相当压迫加重),压力和速度波形变陡,峰值开始时提高,随后下降,和脉象仪取脉情况吻合;(2)血液粘度增加时,速度减慢,压力波形平坦,反映了血流阻力的增大;(3)狭窄宽度的变化对脉搏波影响不大;(4)根据中医脉图若干指标计算得到的数据,随狭窄和血液粘度的变化,和临床结果一致,说明这几个指标是符合血流动力学规律的。     

工程中液面波动的数值模拟

本文研究数值模拟含有自由表面的三维非定常流动的表面波动情况。运用部分单元法的概念成功地 各种复杂形状的边界以及复杂的边界条件和流场内部的障碍物，运用ＶＯＦ方法踪自由液面。     

内河航道中船行波在岸坡爬高的数值模拟

该文基于RANS方程、RNG k-ε湍流模型建立数值波浪水池,用VOF法追踪自由面的位置,并模拟了内河航道中船行波的生成、传播、爬高和岸壁反射过程,且与典型断面航道中船行波在岸坡最大爬高和回落的现场测量值进行了比较,验证了数值模型的有效性。通过对航道中船行波进行数值模拟,获得了船行波的波形及其在岸坡上爬高与回落的最大值。分析了船舶吃水、航速和航道岸坡倾角对特征波高以及最大爬高与回落的影响。最后建立了计算船行波特征波高、爬高和回落的经验公式。     

氧化沟内水力特性的数值模拟研究

采用FLUENT6.3.26软件求解气液两相流,VOF(volume of fluid)法捕捉自由液面,气液两相流时均方程的求解应用标准湍流模型,速度与压力耦合方程组的求解应用半隐式算法。分析比较了氧化沟内各测线上流速沿水深方向的变化规律,将模拟结果与实验数据进行比较分析,得出两者有很好的一致性,从而验证了所选数值模型的正确性。为进一步研究氧化沟内部的流场结构和优化氧化沟的体型设计提供了参考依据。     

基于固液两相流模型的泥石流流速垂向分布研究

泥石流流速的垂向分布是泥石流运动理论中的核心问题之一。以固液两相流模型为基础,分析了泥石流中两相速度相等与不等条件下的本构关系和泥石流流速垂向分布的计算方法;在二维恒定均匀流的条件下,考虑两相之间的相互作用,推导层流和紊流流态下泥石流中液相和固相速度的垂向分布公式,并采用不饱和水石流的试验数据进行了验证。结果表明:泥石流两相之间的速度差异是描述两相之间相互作用的根本所在;泥石流固相浓度与本构关系中的模化参数均有关联,是流速垂向分布计算中的重要参量;基于两相流模型的泥石流流速垂向分布公式比现有公式更具普遍意义,且其计算结果能与试验数据较好吻合。     

Couple stress fluid flow in a rotating channel with peristalsis

This article describes a new model for obtaining closed-form semi-analytical solutions of peristaltic flow induced by sinusoidal wave trains propagating with constant speed on the walls of a two-dimensional rotating infinite channel. The channel rotates with a constant angular speed about the z-axis and is filled with couple stress fluid. The governing equations of the channel deformation and the flow rate inside the channel are derived using the lubrication theory approach. The resulting equations are solved, using the homotopy perturbation method(HPM), for exact solutions to the longitudinal velocity distribution, pressure gradient, flow rate due to secondary velocity, and pressure rise per wavelength. The effect of various values of physical parameters, such as, Taylor's number and couple stress parameter, together with some interesting features of peristaltic flow are discussed through graphs. The trapping phenomenon is investigated for different values of parameters under consideration. It is shown that Taylor's number and the couple stress parameter have an increasing effect on the longitudinal velocity distribution till half of the channel, on the flow rate due to secondary velocity, and on the number of closed streamlines circulating the bolus.     

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟二维水力过渡过程

本文旨在探索用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟二维水力过渡过程的可行性。应用Chapman Enskog展开技术，导出了一套多尺度方程，将LB方程和其所对应的宏观方程联系起来；根据水力过渡过程基本方程的特点，建立了计算二维水力过渡过程的一个LB模型；应用该模型对一维正弦波的传播、一维断波的传播与反射、二维拐角衍射波等典型算例，以及近似为二维问题的混凝土蜗壳在机组甩负荷和起动工况下的水力过渡过程进行了模拟分析。研究表明用LB方法模拟多维水力过渡过程是可行的，值得进一步探讨。     

基于考虑含气量变化浆体水击模型的复合管道水击数值计算

作者在提出了考虑含气量变化的同液两相流浆体水击基本方程的基础上，建立了考虑含气量变化的浆体水击模型。运用该模型对某电厂除灰系统管道进行了水击数值计算，根据计算结果提出了合理的建议，该建议已被采纳和应用。同时将计算结果与原有清水水击模型和浆体水击模型的计算结果进行比较，结果表明：该水击计算模型在进行同液两相流水击计算时精度高，可用于工程计算。     

蒸发管内汽─液两相流不稳定性线性分相模型

本文提出了描述两相流不稳定性的线性分相模型。根据分相模型运用系统控制的方法导出了描述两相流不稳定性的动态系统特征方程式。根据特征方程式的特片值就可以判断系统的稳定性，计算值与试验值基本吻合。     

THE LINEAR SEPARATED FLOW MODEL FOR TWO－PHASI FLOW INSTABILITY IN BOILING CHANNELS

ＴＨＥＬＩＮＥＡＲＳＥＰＡＲＡＴＥＤＦＬＯＷＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＴＷＯ－ＰＨＡＳＩＦＬＯＷＩＮＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＩＮＢＯＩＬＩＮＧＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＳ￥ＺｈｏｕＹｕｎ－ｌｏｎｇ；ＳｈｅｎＺｅｎｇ－ｍｉｎｇ；ＳｈｉＨｕｉ－ｘｉａｎ（ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ...     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

THE TURBULENT MODEL OF LIQUID-PARTICLE FLOWS AND ITS APPLICATION TO NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF OIL POLLUTION

Simulation of particle turbulent transport in present mathematical models of two-phase turbulent flows is algebraic model based on local following theory. The predicted results bythese models are not consistent with that of experiments available. The motion of two-phase flowis described by a unified model of multi-fluid in this paper. The two-fluid turbulent model oftwo-phase flow based on k-e equations for particles and fluid, and corresponding numerical thch-nique are both developed. The proposed model and the numerical technique are successfully em-ployed to numerical modelling for oil-water two-phase turbulent recirculating flow.     

UNSTEADY INTERFACIAL WAVES DUE TO SINGULARITIES IN TWO SEMI-INFINITE INVISCID FLUIDS

1.INTRODUCTION ThelinearCauchy Poissonproblems,which areconcernedwiththegenerationandpropagation offree surfacewavesduetoaninitialelevationor apointpressureactingonthefreesurfaceofanin compressibleinviscidfluid,havebeeninvestigated bymanyresearchersinviewofitstheoreticalinterestandpracticalimportance[15].Thetransient developmentoftwo dimensionalgravitywavesdue toanoscillatingsurfacepressurewasconsideredby Miles[6]whoproposedawell posedinitialvalue problemtocorrectStoker'sformulation[2].A…     

不同边界条件下非饱和土地基中的Rayleigh波传播

地球表面绝大部分土层并非处于完全饱和状态,故采用传统的饱和土两相介质理论进行动力学分析时,计算结果往往与实际情况不符。针对这一客观问题,以非饱和土为研究对象,在三相孔隙介质波动理论的基础上开展了非饱和土体半空间中Rayleigh波的弥散特性研究。分别考虑了两种不同的边界条件:(a)不透水不透气地基边界;(b)透水透气地基边界。根据边界条件及相关的本构关系式,推导出相应Rayleigh波的弥散方程,再通过Newton-Raphson法进行数值求解。最后讨论了在不同边界条件下,非饱和土地基表面附近Rayleigh波的弥散特性受到地基土饱和度、频率以及土体固有渗透系数的影响。计算结果表明:在两种边界条件下Rayleigh波的传播均受到地基土饱和度变化的影响。并且,频率及渗透系数在不同边界条件下对Rayleigh波特性的影响明显不同。