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1.
为研究蛇纹石-黏土复合颗粒的除氟性能,采用室内动态实验探讨了复合颗粒在不同氟离子浓度、不同吸附柱高度和不同流速下对含氟水除氟效果的影响及其吸附动力学过程.试验结果表明:吸附剂的动态吸附容量与吸附剂高度、原水氟离子浓度呈正相关,而与进水流速呈负相关;吸附剂传质区长度与进水流速、吸附剂高度及原水氟离子浓度均呈正相关.吸附动力学拟合结果显示:蛇纹石-黏土复合颗粒对水中氟的吸附动力学符合Yoon and Nelson方程,平衡吸附容量与吸附剂高度呈正相关,与进水流速呈负相关.随着初始氟离子浓度的增加,到达吸附平衡时间缩短,吸附容量逐渐增大.  相似文献   

2.
天然材料改性吸附剂的制备和除氟研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
雅非群  马伟  王刃  赵源 《给水排水》2003,29(12):72-74
针对天然高分子和矿物与常规除氟剂的性能进行了比较 ,选择了具有代表性的骨炭改性吸附剂 (CF)、电气石和常规的氧化铝进行静态测试 ,通过吸附等温线比较得知 ,以羟基磷酸钙为主要成分的复合除氟剂 (CF)具有良好的除氟性能 ,在实际应用中 ,可使出水氟浓度低于 0 2mg/L。  相似文献   

3.
我国高氟水分布广泛,危害严重,饮用水除氟是一项亟待解决的任务,寻求除氟效率高、经济实用的吸附材料具有重大意义。研究制备了Mg-Fe-Ce复合金属氧化物吸附材料,考察评价了该吸附剂的除氟吸附速率和吸附等温线,分析了p H值和共存阴离子对除氟吸附性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-Fe-Ce复合金属氧化物最佳适用p H值范围为偏酸性,PO43-和F-存在竞争吸附,但在中性p H值和水中常见阴离子共存条件下,仍表现了较好的除氟吸附性能,有利于其在实际高氟地下水处理中的应用。  相似文献   

4.
针对和田二水厂水源水氟化物长期超标的问题,利用小型生产性试验对基于羟基磷灰石除氟材料的新型组合除氟工艺进行了应用参数优化,并对优化运行条件下的工艺出水进行了水质分析和评价。结果表明,和田二水厂水源水优化的工艺运行参数为:除氟药剂使用量50mg/L,澄清单元内的药剂浓度为3~4g/L,上升流速应控制在3m/h以内;在此运行条件下,工艺最终出水中氟化物含量在0.88mg/L左右,浊度为0.2~0.3NTU,且其余水质指标均满足现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006),除氟工艺直接运行成本约为0.155元/m3。因此,新型除氟工艺可以用于和田地下水源水的处理。  相似文献   

5.
沸石处理高氟水实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究原水含氟浓度、pH值、吸附时间等因素对沸石除氟的影响,采用静态和动态两种方法进行沸石处理高氟水实验。结果表明:沸石吸附氟离子适宜的pH值为6~8,溶液的氟离子浓度越高,沸石的平衡吸附量越大,25℃时按Langmuir吸附等温式拟合为qe=0.0078Ce/(1+0.0767Ce),按Freundlich吸附等温式拟合为qe=0.0114Ce0.4897;沸石吸附柱越高,穿透时间越长,处理水量也越大;进水流速越低,吸附柱有效运行周期就越长。沸石柱经再生可重复使用。  相似文献   

6.
水体中氟离子超标严重危害人们的健康,为了寻求廉价、高效的氟离子吸附剂,本文通过共沉淀-焙烧的方法制备了铁铝复合金属氧化物吸附剂,并将之应用于氟离子废水的吸附。探讨了氧化物配比、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、溶液p H等因素对氟离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明:当铁铝复合氧化物中铁氧化物与铝氧化物摩尔比为1∶2,氟离子溶液初始浓度100 mg/L,固液比为4 g/L,溶液p H为6.0,吸附时间为30 min时,该吸附剂对氟离子的吸附效果最佳,此时氟离子的去除率为92.5%。  相似文献   

7.
本文研究了活性氧化铝的预处理措施及机理,并通过静态和动态吸附试验研究了经不同预处理后活性氧化铝的吸附性能。结果表明,硫酸铝溶液浸泡可显著改善活性氧化铝的吸附性能,即:活性氧化铝经2%硫酸铝溶液浸泡后,用于氟含量为3.7 mg/L的高氟水处理,其初始出水氟浓度降低至1.0 mg/L以下,穿透吸附容量1.532 mg/g,穿透BV值可达342。  相似文献   

8.
氟是水中极难处理的物质,目前常用除氟的方法有阴树脂离子交换法.活性炭吸附法、羟基磷酸钙(骨碳)吸附法、活性氧化铝吸附法、电渗析法、反渗透法,但除氟效率过低或运行成本过高,除氟材料和工艺的选取仍是“老大难”问题。近年,农村供水市场出现多种新型除氟滤料及工艺,我们选取其中的两种从工艺原理、产品性能及运行成本等方面进行介绍。  相似文献   

9.
含铁矿物吸附剂除磷机理研究及中试应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了含铁矿物吸附剂吸附含磷废水的各项性能,通过静态试验得出此吸附剂的最佳吸附条件,并以此为依据进行了动态小试试验和中试试验。结果表明,含铁矿物吸附剂的吸附平衡时间为45h,吸附等温线较符合Freundlich方程,pH约为5时吸附量达到最大,除铁离子和铝离子外,水体中无机阴离子和阳离子对磷酸盐的吸附影响不大。用1mol/L的NaOH溶液对饱和吸附剂解吸再生,解吸率达到90%以上。在合适的填充体积和进水流速下,含铁矿物吸附剂连续吸附除磷可以达到良好的效果,中试试验装置连续运行了约105d,出水TP达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)(Ⅲ类湖、库)要求。  相似文献   

10.
濮阳地区是河南省高氟地下水分布最严重的地区之一。采用自主研发的新型碳基磷灰石除氟滤料对濮阳地区高氟水分别进行微柱测试、家用净水机试验以及集中供水工程设备的出水监测。考察了微柱中新型除氟滤料与常见的活性氧化铝、活化沸石除氟滤料在相同条件下的性能比较,测试了家用净水机的再生性能,监测了集中供水除氟设备的出水氟含量。结果表明,新型碳基磷灰石除氟滤料性能显著,相同条件下除氟性能是活性氧化铝的5.09倍,是活化沸石的11.7倍,出水氟含量小于0.2 mg/L,再生后除氟性能稳定,完全符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的要求。因此,能够适应濮阳地区农村饮用水安全的高氟水处理。  相似文献   

11.
以赤玉土为骨料烧制陶土材料,经FeCl3溶液浸渍及热处理改性后制备成新型的改性陶土颗粒吸附剂,对其表面特征及除砷性能进行初步研究:BET测定得出该吸附剂比表面积为36.493m2/g,孔容量为0.070mL/g;SEM EDX显示吸附剂表面有大量铁、氧元素分布;对比该吸附剂和HCl溶液改性吸附剂表面的微观数码照片及3D影像图,表明该吸附剂表面存在大量铁氧化物;该吸附剂在中性pH范围内有良好吸附除砷能力,共存的氟离子、磷酸根离子对除砷效果有不同程度的竞争影响,碳酸根离子对除砷效果无显著影响;Freundlich等温线方程能较好地拟合As(V)的吸附过程(R2=0.9927),吸附平衡时的饱和吸附容量可达43.491mg/g。低成本高效的改性陶土颗粒应用于实际的砷吸附处理,具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

12.
为解决边远地区生活饮水安全问题,本文介绍了一种可变负荷和可变回收率运行的小型苦咸水淡化装置。该装置新增了变频器、电动阀和浓水回流管路,其中变频器和电动阀用于装置产水负荷的动态调节以增强对新能源发电输出功率波动的适应性,浓水回流管路可灵活设置装置的综合回收率,提高了对不同地区苦咸水的硬度和含盐量的适应能力。同时本装置还配有超滤、加药装置和UV杀菌器等较为完善的预处理设备,能适应不同的苦咸水进水水质(硬度、浊度和细菌污染等)。  相似文献   

13.
降氟措施对高氟地下水地区居民饮用水安全具有重要意义。吸附法除氟技术被广泛应用,但仍存在适宜于偏酸性环境等难点。以提高适应高氟地下水pH值的能力为目标,通过控制反应过程中pH值制备无定形氢氧化铝吸附材料,开展吸附等温线试验、吸附动力学试验、pH值适应性试验、竞争离子试验、可重复利用性能试验和吸附机理试验。试验结果表明无定形氢氧化铝对氟离子的吸附属于优惠型吸附,Langmuir最大吸附容量为166.67 mg/g。与传统Al_2O_3吸附材料相比,在pH值为7.0~9.0时,无定形氢氧化铝吸附材料可减缓除氟效果下降速率,提高了适应地下水pH值的能力。氟去除率随着溶液中HCO_3~-、CO_2-3、PO_4~(3-)等离子浓度升高而降低。在初始氟浓度为5.00 mg/L时,可重复利用5个周期。因此,改进铝型吸附材料制备过程可显著提高吸附性能和适应高氟地下水的能力,是今后研制和改进吸附材料的重要方向。  相似文献   

14.
Cross flow microfiltration with in-line flocculation reduces the fouling of membranes thus leading to high quality product water. A detailed experimental study conducted with an artificial suspension (particle size distribution similar to that of surface water) revealed that the filtration rate can be increased by several times by adopting in-line flocculation. In-line flocculation-microfiltration is therefore an attractive technique to reduce internal clogging while improving the permeate flux significantly. A detailed ultrafiltration (UF) study was conducted with biologically treated sewage effluent with pretreatment by flocculation and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The TOC removal by the NTR 7410 UF membrane alone was 43.6%. The TOC removal increased significantly by the use of pretreatment: 69.3% by flocculation and 91% by flocculation followed by adsorption. The organic colloidal portion (between 3,500 dalton and 0.45 microm) in the biologically treated effluent was removed up to more than 65% by the pretreatment of flocculation. The molecular weight of the biologically treated effluent ranged from 250 to about 3,573 dalton with the highest fraction in the range of 250-845 dalton. By the incorporation of pretreatment, the majority of both large and small molecular weight organic matter was removed. This hybrid system led to practically no filtration flux decline in membrane filtration.  相似文献   

15.
针对我国北方寒冷地区农村分散源养殖废水污染,以粒状活性炭为吸附剂,研究了低温(10℃)和常温(25℃)两种工况下静态吸附对养殖废水COD的去除效果和吸附特性。结果表明,低温下活性炭对废水COD的吸附饱和量为14.472mg/L,常温下饱和吸附量为7.564mg/L;二级吸附动力学方程可较好地描述该吸附过程;Langmuir等温吸附方程比Freundlich等温吸附方程能更好地拟合实验结果。本研究可为北方寒冷地区农村分散源养殖废水的处理提供数据参考和理论指导。  相似文献   

16.
This study focuses on the practical application of high concentration powdered activated carbon coupled membrane bio-reactor to domestic wastewater reclamation. The study was conducted in three parts, such as analysis of secondary domestic wastewater effluent, design and operation parameter evaluation and reclaimed water quality estimation for stream restoration. The organic concentration was 25.2-80.2 mgCOD(Cr)/L for the effluent of three domestic wastewater treatment plants. Around 50-75% of the COD was low molecular substances less than 1,000 which were quite biodegradable. The sawdust PAC was estimated to be proper adsorbent for the organics in the secondary effluents. Its Freundlich constant, K value was 5.847 and 1/n, 0.36. Using a system consists of single reactor with high concentration PAC (80 g/L) and submerged hollow fiber MF membrane module with nominal pore size of 0.1 microm, design and operation parameters were obtained, such as HRT of the bioreactor (2.5 hr), PAC concentration (80 g/L), the initial flux (less than 0.5 m/day) and intermittent suction cycle (12 min. suction and 3 min. idling). Organic removal by the system was high enough to produce reclaimed water for urban stream restoration The effluent organic concentration was at the level of 2 mg/L in terms of TOC (around 5 mg/L as COD(Cr)). Substances with molecular weight cut off < 1,000 were removed mostly by adsorption and biodegradation. Those above 1,000 were rejected at PAC cake layer on the membrane and gradually degraded by microorganisms during extended contact.  相似文献   

17.
Decentralized advanced wastewater treatment using adsorption and desorption process for recovery and recycling oriented phosphorus removal was developed. Adsorbent particles made of zirconium were set in a column, and it was installed as subsequent stage of BOD and nitrogen removal type Johkasou, a household domestic wastewater treatment facility. The water quality of the effluent of adsorption column in a number of experimental sites was monitored. The effluent phosphorus concentration was kept below 1 mg l(-1) during 90 days at all the sites. Furthermore, over 80% of the sites achieved 1 mg l(-1) of T-P during 200 days. This adsorbent was durable, and deterioration of the particles was not observed over a long duration. The adsorbent collected from each site was immersed in alkali solution to desorb phosphorus. Then the adsorbent was reactivated by soaking in acid solution. The reactivated adsorbent was reused and showed almost the same phosphorus adsorption capacity as a new one. Meanwhile, the desorbed phosphorus was recovered with high purity as trisodium phosphate by crystallization. It is proposed as a new decentralized system for recycling phosphorus that paves the way to high-purity recovery of finite phosphorus.  相似文献   

18.
超滤膜-活性炭工艺在大型再生水工程中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
清河再生水厂规模为8万m3/d,是目前我国最大的以膜处理技术为核心的再生水厂,采用超滤膜-活性炭工艺处理城市污水处理厂二级出水,最终出水用于生活杂用及景观水体补水.介绍了工艺的设计、调试运行情况,该工艺运行稳定,自动化程度较高,对悬浮物及胶体颗粒的去除能力强,有助于提高再生水水质.  相似文献   

19.
生物颗粒活性炭处理苯酚废水   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了生物颗粒活性炭(BGAC)处理合成苯酚废水的效果和机理。结果表明,BGAC能够高效处理苯酚废水,处理效果优于活性污泥法和颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附。BGAC、活性污泥和GAC分别对75 mg/L的苯酚废水连续处理,平均去除率分别为98%、60%和90%。通过苯酚出水pH值和反应器中溶解氧的变化情况分析,BGAC对苯酚废水的处理主要借助于活性炭的吸附和微生物降解的交替作用。  相似文献   

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