岗南水库水环境变化规律及保护对策

为确保人们身体健康,保证饮水安全,石家庄市地表水饮用水源取水口由黄壁庄水库上移至岗南水库,岗南水库的作用,其水质的好坏越来越受到人们的关注。为此对岗南水库及周边地区进行了重点调查与分层监测,分析了岗南水库水环境现状及变化趋势,找出影响库区水质的主要因素,提出治理及保护的具体措施。     

岗南水库水环境变化规律及保护对策

为确保人们身体健康，保证饮水安全，石家庄市地表水饮用水源取水口由黄壁庄水库上移至岗南水库，岗南水库的作用，其水质的好坏越来越受到人们的关注。为此对岗南水库及周边地区进行了重点调查与分层监测，分析了岗南水库水环境现状及变化规律，找出影响库区水质的主要因素，提出治理及保护的具体措施。     

以水质指数法综合评价岗南水库饮用水水源地水质

此文以水质指数法为方法综合评价了岗南水库的水质状况,得出了岗南水库水质全年变化平稳,为良好供水水源地的结论。     

加强水源地安全保障体系建设确保岗南水库水质安全

从岗南水库水源地法规保护体系建设、安全监控体系建设和水污染应急机制体系建设3个方面论述了岗南水库在水源保护方面采取的措施,使水库水质始终保持在国家地面水Ⅱ类标准以上,为下游居民和石家庄市提供了清洁的生活用水.同时对岗南水库水质保护提出了成立水源地专门保护机构,加强法制宣传,采取有效措施,治理污染源和加强水质监测,及时掌握水库水质变化情况的建议.     

岗南水库水污染状况与防治对策

岗南水库作为省会石家庄市的饮用水源地,水质好坏与人们的饮水健康密切相关。为了保护水库水资源,防治水污染,改善水环境,岗南水库管理局组织专人多次对上游流域及库区各入库支流进行了调查,查清了污水排放情况及工矿企业的分布情况,掌握了水库及上游水环境污染状况,为水资源保护及水污染防治提供了依据。     

岗南水库水资源可持续利用措施浅析

1.水库水资源状况及开发利用现状 岗南水库库区位于滹沱河中游干流上,总库容17.04亿m^3,是一座以防洪为主,结合灌溉、发电、工业及城市生活供水等综合利用的大（Ⅰ）型年调节水库。据河北省水文水资源勘测局监测结果,岗南水库自2003年以来水质较好,能达到区划水质目标。在监测的35个月中有5个月为一类水质．25个月为二类水质,5个月为i类水质,库区中汞、铅、铬、镉4项重金属含量均属正常范围。     

岗南水库水源地保护及水质安全管理探讨

岗南水库作为饮用水水源地,水质安全尤为重要。从岗南水库水源地保护以及水质安全管理两方面分别进行了简单介绍,在此基础上对继续加强饮用水水源地保护和管理进行研究,提出了建议。     

黄壁庄水库水质分析及保护对策

<正>目前黄壁庄水库供水以农业灌溉为主,南水北调配套工程实施后,作为下游重要输水通道的石津渠将以城市供水为主,春灌期间兼顾农业用水输送,农业、饮用水叠加,对水库水质提出了更高要求。本文以黄壁庄水库水质为例,进行综合分析及评价,为将来主客水融合渠道后,监测水质是否达到饮用水标准提供了借鉴依据。1.水库基本概况黄壁庄水库是海河流域子牙河水系重要的控制性大(I)型水利枢纽工程,总库容12.1亿m3,与上游的岗南水     

提高水质保护意识确保水库供水安全

水质及饮水问题是领导关注、群众关心的社会热点问题.随着社会经济的快速发展,河北省会石家庄市水资源严重短缺与地下水超量开采的矛盾日益突出,城市用水逐渐由单一开采地下水逐渐转向开发利用地表水资源.自2000年5月石家庄市润石水厂取水口上抬至岗南水库后,岗南水库成为省会重要的饮用水地表水源地.提高水质保护意识,确保水库供水安全,对省会和谐社会建设及水库下游经济发展意义重大.     

关于岗南水库运行经费情况的思考

正岗南水库始建于1958年,水库运行经费主要来源于供水收入,供水收入是保证水库安全运行、充分发挥水库效益的重要保障。南水北调工程建成通水后,岗南水库的供水收入受到影响,现就水库目前经费现状、存在问题和对策建议作出思考,以期对水库管理平稳运行、顺利推进有益。1.目前收支现状岗南水库收入主要有联合黄壁庄水库向石津灌区、西柏坡电厂、石家庄市供水公司供水和独立向岗南水力发电站、引岗渠、大川渠、北跃渠等供水水     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。